Growth and Development-Newborn and Infant

Parents of a newborn ask the nurse how to select a daycare facility that will limit the spread of germs for their newborn. Which response by the nurse is most useful?

"Ask staff if they perform regular handwashing between child interactions and diaper changes."

The parents of an 8-month-old boy voice concern to the nurse that their child is not developing motor skills as he should. What question would be appropriate for the nurse to ask in determining if their fears are warranted?

"Does he move a toy back and forth from one hand to the other when you give it to him?"

The nurse is providing a nutrition workshop for the parents of infants. The nurse understands that further instruction is required when hearing which comments from the parents? Select all that apply.

"Food is so expensive. I can't afford for my child to leave any food on the plate." "I have tried at least 10 times with every green vegetable and I can't get my son to like them." "I let my child eat whatever he wants right now so that we don't argue about food. Hopefully he will like healthy foods when he grows up."

When the nurse discharges a new mom and infant, the nurses notices that the car seat is in the front seat of the car. What is the appropriate response for the nurse to make regarding the car seat?

"Let me go over car seat safety with you, so you can install your car seat properly."

The student nurse is reviewing the records of a pediatric client. Which statement about the client's progress indicates the need for further instruction?

"Maturation refers to the child's increases in body size."

After the nurse provides education to new parents about appropriate sleeping habits for infants, which statement by a parent would indicate to the nurse that teaching needs to reoccur?

"My husband gave the baby a special bear that I will place in the crib."

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 9-month-old infant about proper dental care. Which statement by the parents most concerns the nurse?

"Our infant goes to sleep at night with a bottle of milk or juice."

A frustrated mother with a 9-month-old baby comes to the clinic because her son is refusing all solid food. When talking with this mother, the nurse discovers the mother has struggled with a weight problem all her life, which she attributes to being forced to eat even when she was full. Not wanting to treat her child the same way, each time her son pushes food away with his tongue she believes that he doesn't want it. Which statement would be most appropriate for the nurse to say to this mother?

"The baby needs to learn how to swallow, so catch the food and offer it again until the baby learns this."

A mother of a 10-month-old states to the nurse, "I brush my child's teeth every day with flavored kids' toothpaste." Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

"Toothpaste is not necessary; it is the scrubbing that is required."

The father of a 6-week-old infant voices concerns about his son's stooling. He further shares that his son grunts and cries when having a bowel movement. What response by the nurse is most appropriate?

"What does his stool look like?"

A parent asks the nurse if the 2-month-old infant can have bananas yet. The nurse would respond and educate the parent on the nutrition stages of infants by which response?

"You can try bananas 2 or 3 months from now."

Stacy is going to visit her son in the intensive care unit. She has been pumping breast milk and storing it in the fridge. Stacy is making her son's bottle for his feeding and goes to warm the breast milk. What option should the nurse give the mom to prepare the bottle?

"You can use the hot water tap to get warm water to warm the bottle."

During the first visit to the pediatrician's practice the nurse is performing an admission interview and assessment of a 4-week-old infant. The mother states, "I am sure my baby girl knows my smell because she is much more settled in my arms rather than my mother's arms when she is upset." What is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"You may be right, since infants can sense their mother's smell as early as 7 days old."

The nurse enters a client's room to find the new mother crying softly. The client states, "I had my heart set on breastfeeding but my infant was born with a cleft lip. My dreams of breastfeeding are destroyed." Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

"You may still breastfeed your infant. I will show you appropriate techniques to use."

The nurse is caring for a parent following the birth of the newborn. The new parent asks the nurse, "When is the best time for me to start bonding with my baby?" Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

"You should interact with your newborn when the eyes are open wide and bright."

A mother asks the nurse where the microwave is so that she can warm up breast milk to feed her baby. What is the best response by the nurse?

"You should warm the milk under warm water instead."

The infant weighs 6 lb 8 oz (2,950 g) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be an expected weight for this child at the age of 12 months?

19 lb 8 oz (8825 g)

The infant weighs 7 lb 4 oz (3,300 g) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be the expected weight for this child at the age of 12 months?

21 lb 12 oz (9.9 kg)

The nurse is assessing a 1-year-old at the well-child annual visit and notes the child is meeting the growth parameters. After noting the birth weight was 8 pounds (3.6 kg) and length was 20 inches (50.8 cm) long, which measurements reflecting height/weight would the nurse expect to document for this visit?

24 pounds (10.8 kg) and 30 inches (75 cm)

The infant measures 21.5 in (54.6 cm) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be an expected height for the infant at the age of 6 months?

27.5 in (70 cm)

A 5-month-old infant being assessed was born at 32 weeks. The nurse doing the well-child check-up should compare the baby to what norms?

the development of a 3-month-old

Which client will the nurse assess first after receiving 0700 shift report?

A 12-month-old infant with a blood pressure of 60/40 mm Hg

What is the correct amount of wet diapers a mature infant should produce each day?

An infant should have 6 to 8 wet diapers/day.

Anticipatory guidance for an infant for the 4th month should include the fact that the infant will be able to achieve which developmental milestone?

be able to turn over onto the back

When performing neurological reflexes on the infant, which primitive reflex will be present longest?

Babinski

The nurse is providing client education to the parent about bathing the infant. What would be important to instruct the parent?

Bath time provides an opportunity for play

Infant development is best described by which statement?

Development proceeds cephalocaudally.

The nurse is reviewing the diet of an 8-month-old infant with the mother who reveals she has been using evaporated milk to make the formula. Which additional ingredient should the nurse ensure she is including in the formula?

Iron

A client who is breastfeeding asks the nurse if she can give the newborn a pacifier. Which nursing response is most appropriate?

It is recommended to wait until breastfeeding is well-established before introducing a pacifier."

An infant is breastfed. When assessing the stools, which findings would be typical?

Less constipation than bottle-fed infants

The parent of a 3-month-old infant is concerned because the infant does not yet sit by oneself. Which statement best reflects average sitting ability?

Most infants do not sit steadily until 8 months; this infant is normal.

The nurse is assessing the newborn. Which would the nurse assess to be an abnormal finding?

Natal teeth noted in the mouth that are loose

What feeding practice used by the parents of an 8-month-old should the nurse discourage?

Placing all liquids given the child in a "no spill" sippy cup.

A nurse is educating a client being discharged with her newborn baby. What is the highest priority item that must be included in the teaching plan?

Restrain the baby in a car seat.

A nurse places a toy car in front of a 6-month-old girl. She swats at it, and the car flies across the examination table and lands on the floor. She squeals with surprise and delight. When the nurse puts the toy car in front of her again, she immediately swats it again and laughs as it rolls across the table and falls to the floor again. What has the girl demonstrated?

Secondary circular reaction

Which developmental milestone would the nurse expect an 11-month-old infant to have achieved?

Sitting independently

Which milestone would the nurse expect an infant to accomplish by 8 months of age?

Sitting without support

A parent has a 3-year-old child and a 4-month-old infant who both have gastroenteritis. The 3-year-old child is well enough to be cared for at home, but the 4-month-old infant requires hospitalization. How does the nurse explain the difference between these outcomes to the family?

The 4-month old infant has a greater proportion of extracellular fluid, which increases risk of dehydration.

At the 6-month-old well-child visit, the parent is concerned that the child is unsteady and often falls over when sitting. What will the nurse advise the parent about this?

The child's stability will progress to independent sitting over the upcoming months.

What action shows an example of Erik Erikson's developmental task for the infant?

The infant cries and the caregiver picks the child up.

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of an 8-month-old infant. Which observation may be cause for concern about the infant's neurologic development?

The infant displays an asymmetric tonic neck reflex (fencing reflex).

The nurse is completing a developmental assessment on a 6-month-old infant. Which findings indicate the need for additional follow-up? Select all that apply.

The infant does not pay attention to noises behind him. The infant has frequent episodes of crossed eyes. The infant seems disinterested in the surrounding environment.

The nurse in a community clinic is assessing a 2-month-old infant. The parent asks if the infant is developing normally. The nurse refers to which finding as suggestive of normal development in infants from birth to 2 months of age?

The infant raises head and chest while on stomach.

A nurse is talking to and making facial expressions at a 9-month-old baby girl during a routine office visit. What is the most advanced milestone of language development that the nurse should expect to see in this child?

The infant says "da-da" when looking at her father

The nurse is assessing the neurological status of a 10-month-old infant. Which finding(s) does the nurse determine to be abnormal when performing this assessment? Select all that apply.

The infant turns to the right side, searching with mouth, when the right side of the cheek is stroked. The infant demonstrates reflexive sucking when nipple or finger is placed in infant's mouth. The infant reflexively grasps when the nurse touches the palm. With sudden extension of the infant's head, the arms abduct and move upward and the hands form a "C".

A parent asks the nurse what symptoms to expect with normal teething in the infant. How should the nurse respond?

The infant's gumline will be tender.

The student nurse is reviewing the chart of a newborn. The document indicates the newborn is in the quiet alert state. Which is the best description of this sleep phase?

The newborn's eyes are open and no body movements are noted.

The nurse is assessing the sleeping practices of the parents of a 4-month-old girl who wakes repeatedly during the night. Which parent comment might reveal a cause for the night waking?

They put her to bed when she falls asleep.

A first-time mother calls the pediatrician's office to ask the nurse about her baby's tooth eruption. The baby is 8 months old and still does not have any teeth. What information can the nurse share with this mother that would correctly respond to her anxiety about her baby's dentition?

Tooth eruption is often genetically based, with some families having babies with early tooth eruption, while others have late tooth eruption.

The nurse is caring for the family with a 2-month-old boy with colic. The mother reports feeling very stressed by the baby's constant crying. Which intervention would provide the most help in the short term?

Urging the baby's mother to take time for herself away from the child.

A new mother reports that she is exhausted and that the little sleep she gets is determined by her baby. Which suggestion should the nurse prioritize to help the mother establish healthy sleeping patterns in her infant?

Use the crib for sleeping only, not for play activities.

The nurse is examining an 8-month-old girl for appropriate development during a regular check-up. Which observation points to a developmental risk?

Uses only the left hand to grasp

A mother of a 9-month-old 18-pound (8.2 kg) infant asks the nurse about choosing the best car seat. What should the nurse recommend?

a rear-facing 5-point harness restraint

The English-speaking nurse is assessing a 12-month-old child with an English-speaking father and a Spanish-speaking mother. The child does not use words like "drink" "dog" or "ball." What is the nurse's priority intervention?

asking the mother if the child uses Spanish words for those items

Which activity is most beneficial in the development of the newborn?

being sung to by his mother

The nurse is assessing the oral cavity of a 4-month-old infant. Which finding is consistent with a child of this age?

no teeth

The nurse conducting a 6-month well-baby check-up assesses for the presence/absence of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex. At this age the reflex:

should have disappeared.

A parent calls the clinic nurse asking for a recommendation on comfort measures for the infant who is teething. What recommendation will the nurse make?

teething ring

A 12-month-old seen at a walk-in clinic weighed 8 pounds 4 ounces (3750 g) at birth. Weight now is 20 pounds 8 ounces (9300 g). The nurse determines:

the child weighs less than expected for age.

The nurse is educating the mother of a newborn about feeding practices. The nurse correctly advises the mother that:

the newborn's stomach can hold between 0.5 oz and 1 oz.