GTY 154

The continuity theory uses: A. A life course perspective to define normal aging and to distinguish it from pathological again. B. Role models to establish how successful older adults are again. C. Objective test to measure the aging process D. Subjective test to measure the aging process

A. A life course perspective to define normal aging and to distinguish it from pathological aging.

An underlying assumption of age stratification is: A. All societies group people into social categories B. All societies rank individuals on ascribed characteristics C. All societies rank individuals on achieved characteristics

A. All societies group people into social categories

An example of cohort effect is: A. An older cohort who believes that living together is wrong, when the younger cohort does not. B. An older cohort is more likely to perform better on intelligence tests than younger cohorts. C.The impact of the Civil Rights movement on the The Lancer family during the 1960's. D. The increase in the need for medical care for our society as people live longer.

A. An older cohort who believes that living together is wrong, when the younger cohort does not.

_____intelligence is largely uninfluenced by prior learning. A. fluid B. crystallized C. verbal D.performance

A. Fluid

For both the disengagement and activity theories, the_________ is the subject matter. A. Individual B. Group C. Social System D. Mind

A. Individual

Elderly parents, grandparents, or spouses may be abused for a number of reasons. Which theory notes that an abuser might have been a victim of abuse in the past and later became the abuser? A. Learned Violence theory B. Socialization theory C. Stressed care-giver hypothesis D. Dependency hypothesis

A. Learned Violence Theory

All of the following are facts about aging EXCEPT: A. Nearly a third of people 65 or older in nursing homes. B. The two largest welfare programs in the United States are Social Security and Medicare. C. Most retirees are busy, active, and satisfied with their lives. D. Personality is stable. It does not change with age.

A. Nearly a third of people 65 or older are in nursing homes.

Recent studies have found the exchange theory useful in explaining: A. social support and transition between generations. B. Gender differences in the aging process C. retirement patterns of different cohorts. D. the decline in the status of adults

A. Social Support and transition between generations

Mrs. Moth recently became a grandmother. The best term to define the change in her life is: A. Social role B. Functional age C. Chronological age D. Subjective age

A. Social role

A cross-sectional research design consists of asking people in several age groups the same information A. True B. False

A. True

A younger age structure can lead to strain on the education system: A. True B. False

A. True

Benefit levels for social security are determined by a formula that reflects length of time worked and the amount of wages earned. A. True B. False

A. True

Combining volunteering and paid work leads to even better mental health outcomes than volunteering alone. A. True B. False

A. True

Hearing is most acute during the 20s A. True B. False

A. True

Most people are involved in bother age-intergrated and age-segregated activities. A. True B. False

A. True

New researce suggest individuals experience stages of identity development differently depending on their race, ethnicity, gender, and social circumstances. A. True B. False

A. True

Social Security is an old age government program meant to reduce later life poverty. A. True B. False

A. True

The decline in mortality from heart disease varies significantly with level of education. A. True B. False

A. True

The measure of the number of years a person can expect to live without a disability is termed active life expectancy: A. True B. False

A. True

The political economy theories view old age as socially constructed process created through power struggles. A. True B. False

A. True

If there are disorders in the sequencing of the life events, there may be negative consequences for later life transitions. A. True B. False

A. Ture

Marital satisfaction varies in retirement. Which of the following categories has the highest level of well-being in retirement? A. Wives and husbands who retire together and share household chores B. WIves who continue to work after husband retire C. Husbands who continue to work after wives retire D. Wives and husbands, who are retired, yet continue to work

A. Wives and husbands who retire together and share household chores.

The social constructionist approach views the individual: A. as capable of interpreting his/her social reality. B. as incapable of defining his/her social reality. C. perspective on rational choice D. perspective on non-rational choice

A. as capable of interpreting his/her social reality

_____ is a common problem in older men. A. erectile dysfunction B. sexual intercourse C. sexual stimulation D. hormonal loss

A. erectile dysfunction

The leading cause of death in the United States for the 65 and older population is: A. cancer B. heart disease C. stroke D. influenza and pneumonia

A. heart disease

Research studies in 2002 found that hormone replacement therapy increased the risk of: A. heart disease and stroke B. arthritis C. throat cancer D. diabetes

A. heart disease and stroke

The ____ were pioneers in a man's world. They had strong career ambitions and guarded against distractions. A. innovators B. traditionalists C. retreatists D. expansives

A. innovators

All of the following are characteristics of social assistance programs EXCEPT: A. it is indirect payment to individuals through the tax system. B. Programs under this category contain eligibility criteria. C. the programs are typically paid through income taxes D. the social assistance programs derive from sixteenth century British System for poor relief.

A. it is indirect payment to individuals through the tax system.

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of clinical depression? A. loss of speech B. loss of appetite C. faitgue D. difficulties in thinking and concentration

A. loss of speech

All of the following are considered to be activities of daily living (ADLs) except: A. reading B. bathing C.eating D. toileting

A. reading

Women are at greater risk of developing osteoporosis because: A. their bones are smaller than men B. their bones are heavier than mens C. they dont drink as much milk as men D. they deplete their calcium stores by doing most of the housework.

A. their bones are smaller than mens

Older ____ are more likely to die from excessive heat. A. women B. men C. men who live alone D. women in institutions

A. women

According the the Demographic Transition, the second stage is characterized by: A. High birth and death rates B. Declining births and death rates C. Low birth and death rates D. Low birth but high death rates

B. Declining births and death rates

A type of mental disorder which affects memory, cognitive functions, and personality to a degree sufficient to interfere with normal activities and social functioning is: A. depression B. dementia C. parkinson's disease D psychoses

B. Dementia

Meicare contains Part A,B, and C. Part B pays for which of the following: A. Hospitalization B. Doctor's office visit C. Nursing home care D. Community-based service care

B. Doctors's office visit

Which of the following is NOT a government-based source of financial support for older people? A. Social Security B. FAFSA C. Medicare D. Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

B. FAFSA

An example of age cohort would include all college students on particular campus. A. True B. False

B. False

Medicare is national health insurance program for all people 62 years and older who are also eligible for Social Security. A. True B. False

B. False

The life course of individuals is shaped entirely by the individual A. True B. False

B. False

The tip-of-the tongue phenonmenon is a sympton of Alzheimer's disease. A. True B. False

B. False

There is little variation in cohorts by gender or ethnic composition. A. True B. False

B. False

Which theory has been used to help explain Alzheimer's disease? A. Somatic mutation B. Free radical C. Wear and tear D. Immune function

B. Free radical

Average life expectancy in Africa in the year 2000 was only 46, due in large part to deaths from: A. Pneumonia B. HIV/AIDS C. Avian Flu D. Polio

B. HIV/AIDS

The most important factor in determining subjective age identity is: A. Income B. Health C. Marital Status D. Education

B. Health

The replacement rate for Social Security refers to the amount of pre-retirement pay that is replaced by Social Security. For low wage earners, the replacement rate is _____ when compared to higher wage earners. A. lower B. higher C. none. D. the same

B. Higher

Research has found that children's books consistently portray the elderly: A. In a positive and non-stereotypical fashion B. In a stereotypical and negative fashion C. In a realistic and positive fashion

B. In a stereotypical and negative fashion

The ideal housing policy would provide a continuum of services. These services would range from: A. independent to community-based care. B. independent to institutional care. C. semi-independent to community-based care. D. semi-independent to institutional care.

B. Independent to institutional care

The best research design to distinguish among age, period, and cohort effects is: A. cross-sectional B. longitudinal C. secondary data D. participant observation

B. Longitudinal

The Disengagement theory developed by Cummings and Henry states that: A. It is best for people to stay active and to resist the shrinkage of her social world. B. Normal aging involves a natural and inevitable withdrawal from people in the social system. C. Aging is a continuous process D. People who share similar interests, problems, and concerns age well.

B. Normal aging involves a natural and inevitable withdrawal from people in the social system.

Rates of depression are especially high among: A. widowed females and males B. nursing home residents C. older adults who have never married D. low income older adults

B. Nursing home residents

Age discrimination occurs when people act on the basis of negative stereotypes. One common example of age discrimination occurs in: A. Family Settings B. The workplace C. Political activities D. Leisure Activities

B. The workplace

Why do women tend to associate more negative connotations with aging than do men? A. Women, on average, die earlier than men. B. Women are evaluated on physical attractiveness and reproductive potential, and aging affects both. C. Women lose mental capacity as they age more quickly than men. D. Men think they get better looking with age so they don't mind it as much.

B. Women are evaluated on physical attractiveness and reproductive potential and aging affects boths.

The most recent change to Medicare was the addition of Medicare Part D, which added: A. coverage for family members B. a prescription drug benefit C. coverage for medical equipment D.coverage for physical therapy

B. a prescription drug benefit

According to the trait theory, personality can be organized into five major factors. Which of the following is not one of these factors: A. openness B. closeness C. neuroticism D. conscientiousness

B. closeness

Over the last 15 years the racial differences in mortality rate (higher mortality rates for African Americans) has: A. declined for men but not women B. declined for both men and women C. increased significantly D. stated the same

B. declined for both men and women

The risk of divorce is higher during the : A. middle years of marriage B. early years of marriage C. later years of marriage

B. early years of marriage

According to the _____ theory, the aging process is programmed into each cell of our bodies. A. free radical B. genetic control C. cross-linkage D. immune function

B. genetic control

A major criticism of political economy theory: A. ignores public polices B. it ignores individual actors and their motivation. C. it ignores the status of the elderly. D. it ignores the economy.

B. it ignores individual actors and their motivation

One of the reasons women tend to be more depressed then men is: A. women have more biological tendencies to be depressed B. Men are more likely than women to remarry if widowed or divorced, so have more social support. C. men have stronger emotional constitutions so dont get depressed as easy. D. women watch too many sad movies and this makes them depressed

B. men are more likely than women to remarry if widowed or divorced, so have more social support.

Social insurance programs have, as their main purpose, to: A. provide help to individuals who meet certain means tests. B. provide economic security over the life course and prevent people from falling into destitution. C. provide economic security to people during their middle years of the life course D. provide a tax break to individuals

B. provide economic security over the life course and prevent people from falling into destitution

The increase in female life expectancy has numerous consequences. All of the following are consequences EXCEPT: A. The majority of older women are single B. The majority of older women are married C. Women without caregivers are likely to be institutionalized D. older women without spouses have higher poverty rates.

B. the majority of older women are married.

A theory is: A. An explanation for how data are collected B. Background information on social concept C. A broad explanation that provides the structure for organizing and interpreting multiple observable facts and their relationship to one another. D. Another world for hypothesis

C. A broad explanation that provides the structure for organizing and interpreting multiple observable facts and their relationship to one another

An age-integrated institution is characterized by: A. Distinct activities for specific age groups B. Social norms based on chronological age C. Absence of chronological age as means of entrance, participation, or exit. D. social norms based on functional age.

C. Absence of chronological age as means of entrance, participation, or exit.

Current debates about how social programs should be allocated center on which two issues: A. Equity and fiscal alignment B. Need and equity C. Age and Need D. Balance and fiscal responsibility

C. Age and Need

A good example of functional age is: A. A person between the ages of 65-74 B. Retiring from one's employment at 48 C. At the age of 58, no longer able to run 20 miles. D. Classifying oneself as "old" or "elderly"

C. At the age of 58, no longer able to run 20 miles

One theory which seeks to explain why inequality increases with age is the: A. Age stratification theory B. Age inequality theory C. Cumulative disadvantage theory D.Demographic transition theory

C. Cumulative Disadvantage Theory

________ is the study of population processes- fertility, mortality, and migration. A. Social Gerontology B. Age Stratification C. Demography D. Life Course

C. Demography

Which of the following is NOT an example of life course transitions in the family sphere? A. parenthood B.grandparenthood C. entering full-time employment D. marriage

C. Entering full-time employment

Which type of theory emphasizes aging as a result of random damage? A. Developmental/ Genetic theories B. Life Course C. Environmental D. Pathological

C. Environmental

_____ is the greatest number of years any member of a species has been known to survive. A. Life expectancy B. Sex Ratio C. Life span D. Cohort

C. Life Span

Tax expenditures promote inequality. Which social class is the primary beneficiary of tax expenditures? A. working class B. lower class C. middle class D. corporate class

C. Middle Class

Early studies of mental and physical decline in old age suggest: A. Decline in old is inevitable B. Activity in old age does nothing to alleviate mental and physical decline. C. Most active score highest on measures of life satisfaction D. Social Roles are not important for understand "normal" aging.

C. Most active score highest on measures of life satisfaction

Older people are less computer savvy than younger people. Which of the following is NOT a reason for this lack of computer expertise? A. older people have had less exposure to new technologies and feel less confident about their abilities to use the computer. B. older people take longer to complete computer training C. older people lack the money to purchase a computer D. older people have more problems working with computers mouse due to motor control and manual dexterity.

C. Older people lack the money to purchase a computer.

A ______ displays the age structure of a population A. Cohort B. Sex Ratio C. Population Pyramid D. Life Span

C. Population Pyramid

Transitions are: A. Social changes that occurs as one cohort replaces the other B. The impact of historical events on the entire society. C. Role changes individuals make as they leave school, take a job, marry, have children, or retire. D. Ways of using age as a social category to group people by status.

C. Role changes individual make as they leave school, take a job, marry, have children, or retire.

All of the following ways in which the population age stucture changes except: A. Fertility rate B. Mortality rate C. Sex ratio D. Migration

C. Sex Ratio

The ability to reflect on past experience and socialization is: A.fluid intelligence B.wisdom C.crystallized intelligence D. creativity

C. crystallized intelligence

One of the most pressing issues of the quality of life in the twenty-first century is: A. income B. social support C. health care D. housing

C. health care

Among older adults, studies have found that family members provide more: A. emotional support B. financial support C. instrumental support D. daily support

C. instrumental support

One reason that SSI doesnt adequately protect the poorest elderly is: A. people spend the money too quickly when they get it. B. payments are eliminated if the recipient lives with a relative C. many older people are unwilling to undergo a means test, because it is embarrassing D. the program is set up so that the payments only come once a year

C. many older people are unwilling to under a means test because it is embarrassing.

The most important predictor of sexual activity among older women is: A. health B. physical appearance C. marital status D. economic status

C. marital status

There are different types nerves in the peripheral nervous system. Which nerves carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to muscles and glands throughout the body? A. neurons B. sensory C. motor D. vagal

C. motor

Which of the following is NOT a social consequence of hearing loss? A. people are likely to feel lonely and left out of group B. people have difficulty paying attention C. people are encouraged by family members to engage in conversations D. people do not enjoy their free time

C. people are encouraged by family members to engage in conversations

When large numbers of young people move into a country, the age structure appears: A. older B. wider C. younger D. older and wider

C. younger

Which of the following is NOT a factor associated with successful aging? A. Setting goals and working to achieve them B. Participating in meaningful activities C. Adopting a lifestyle to reach maximum level of functioning D. Accepting compulsory Retirement

D. Accepting compulsory retirement

Feminist Theories: A. Are formalized theory such as Activity Theory. B. seek to prove that masculinity and femininity are not social constructed C. are only studied by women D. are actually an approach that use theory to illustrate gender differences in decision making and outcomes of men and women

D. Are actually an approach that use theory to illustrate gender differences in decision making and outcomes of men and women

Most recent immigrants to the U.S. can trace their ancestry to: A. Europe B. Africa C.Asia D. Asia and Latin America

D. Asia and Latin America

The central clearing house for all national population in the United States is: A. Center for Disease Control B. Center for Economic Analyses C. National Center on Statistics D. Bureau of Census

D. Bureau of Census

All of the following are used to define age with the exception of: A. Chronological age B. Functional age C. Subjective age D. Cohort age

D. Cohort Age

There are two categories of theories for explaining the cause of Alzheimer's disease. One general category is genetic disposition. The other one is: A. biological influences B. lack of social support system C. nutrition D. environmental influence

D. Environmental influences

Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of age grade life events? A. It occurs in every society. B. Most societies have more clearly marked age grades for males than for females. C. Societies may vary in the number of age grades. D. Individual members of society can select the age grade they want to join.

D. Individual members of society can select the age grade they want to join.

The most controversial element of the continuity theory is the definition of: A. activity B. successful aging C. life satisfaction D. normal aging

D. Normal aging

An example of middle-aged nation population pyramid is: A. Africa B. Japan C. India D. South Korea

D. South Korea

The term "ageism" refers to: A. A composite of ideas and beliefs attached to people as a group or category. B. Avert or hostile attitudes directed toward a group of people. C. Overt action directed toward a group of older people. D. Systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because they are old.

D. Systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because they are old.

All of the following were factors which contributed to the decline in the fertility rate of women between 1971 and 1980 EXCEPT: A. birth control pill B. labor force participation C. increase in educational opportunities for women D. the environmental movement

D. The environmental movement

All of the following are characteristics of longitudinal research designs EXCEPT: A. They follow a particular group of people over time. B. They provide data about differences between age cohorts. C. They are costly. D. They are factual because of all of the same subjects remain in the study.

D. They are factual because all the same subjects remain in the study.

The most cited reason for disability in older people is: A. diabetes B. declining vision C. hearing loss D. arthritis

D. arthritis

People are more likely than ever to grow older in four or even five generation family. This phenomenon is termed: A. horizontalization B. family life cycle C. extended family D. bean pole family

D. bean pole family

The branch of psychology that studies mental processes is: A. experimental B. behavioral C. clinical D.cognitive

D. cognitive

Often on the hands of older people one may see purple bruises. They are called: A. lentigo B. malignant melanoma C. neurons D.senile purpura

D. senile purpura