Guide to TCP/IP test 2 Chap 4

reachability

The ability to find at least one transmission path between a pair of hosts so that they can exchange datagrams across an internetwork is known as

allowable data size

The amount of data that can be transferred across a link is referred to as:

optimal route

The best route possible is known as the ____.

gateway

The default ____ is the router a host sends a packet to when the host has NO specific route to a destination.

available routes

The known functional routes on an internetwork are known as ____.

average response time

The median time required to reply to a query is referred to as:

overhead

The non-data bits or bytes required to move data from one location to another are referred to as:

auto-reconfiguration

The process of automatically changing the configuration of a device is referred to as:

reconnaissance process

The process of learning various characteristics about a network or host is known as

ICMP Router solicitation

The process that a host can perform to learn of local routers is known as:

advertising rate

The rate at which a service is announced on a network is referred to as:

end-to-end minimum MTU size

The smallest data size that can be sent from one host to another host on an internetwork is known as:

redirect

The term ____ means to point out another path.

port probes

Typically, ____ used scripted programs to send out sequential queries to obtain all active port information.

PATHPING

A Windows utility used to test router and path latency, as well as connectivity is known as

restricting link

A _______ is a link that does not support forwarding based on the current packet format and configuration.

retry counter

A ________ is a counter that tracks the number of retransmissions on the network.

network congestion

A condition that occurs when the delivery time for packets increases beyond normal limits is called:

backward compatibility

A feature that enables a device, process, or protocol to operate with earlier versions of software or hardware that do NOT support all the latest, up-to-date, or advanced features is known as ____.

ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol

A key protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite that provides error messages and the ability to query other devices

fragmented

A packet must have the "May Fragment bit" set in order to allow an IP packet to be ____ if necessary.

hacker

A person who uses computer and communications knowledge to exploit information or functionality of a device is known as a(n) ____.

IGMP Internet Group Management protocol

A protocol that supports the formation of multicast groups is known as:

host probe

A reconnaissance process used to determine which hosts are active on an IP network is known as

port probe

A reconnaissance process used to learn which processes are active on a host device is known as:

expired route entry

A route entry that is considered "too old" and won't be used to forward data through an internetwork is known as

black hole router

A router that can NOT forward packets for some reason and does NOT inform the source of the communication fault is known as a(n) ____.

ICMP Echo communication

An ICMP process whereby a host sends an Echo packet to another host on an internetwork is known as:

millisecond

Another way to express one-thousandth of a second is:

optimal

Available routes are NOT necessarily the ____ routes.

Destination Unreachable packets

ICMP packets that indicate a failure to reach a destination due to a fragmentation problem, parameter problem, or other problem are known as:

gateway

In the TCP/IP environment, the term ____ is used to refer to a Network layer forwarding device typically known as a router.

end-to-end minimum MTU size

Packets may be fragmented to reach the ____, or the PMTU process can be used to determine the minimum size.

It can be caused by problems with network links, overloaded hosts or routers, or unusually heavy network usage levels.

List three ways in which congestion can be caused.

metrics

Measurements that may be based on distance, time, or other values are known as ____.

NTP Network Time Protocol

Name a time synchronization protocol defined in RFC 1305.

IP PING & TRACEROUTE

Name two utilities that can be used for connectivity testing.

command-line parameter

Options added to a command issued at a prompt are known as

connectivity tests

Tests to determine the reachability of a device are known as

ICMP

Using ____ a router can redirect a host to another, more optimal router.

route tracing

_______ is a technique for documenting which hosts and routers a datagram traverses in its path from the sender to the receiver.