Guided Reading - Module 5 - Spinal Cord/Column

3) Injury to what region of the vertebral column is usually most threatening? A) cervical B) thoracic C) lumbar D) sacral E) coccygeal

A) cervical

19) Motor fibers travel in the ________ of the spinal cord. A) descending tract B) posterior tract C) ascending tract D) medial tract E) none of the above

A) descending tract

12) Osteoporosis can cause which of the following abnormal curvatures of the back? A) kyphosis B) scoliosis C) lordosis D) all of the above E) A and B only

A) kyphosis

The large connection between the lumbar and sacral plexuses is called (the) A) lumbosacral trunk. B) tibial nerve. C) pelvic plexus. D) sciatic nerve. E) none of the above.

A) lumbosacral trunk

Select the association that is most closely matched. A) posterior : sensory B) anterior : integrative C) anterior : sensory D) posterior : motor E) none of the above match

A) posterior : sensory

13) The major function of the intervertebral foramina is A) providing a passageway for nerves. B) protection of the spinal cord. C) transferring weight to the lower limbs. D) allowing twisting motions. E) providing support.

A) providing a passageway for nerves.

1) The muscle group nearest the vertebral column is the A) spinales. B) longissimus. C) thoracis. D) iliocostalis. E) capitis.

A) spinales.

7) Which of the following structures can most easily be felt on the dorsum? A) spinous process B) body C) intervertebral disc D) transverse process E) pedicle

A) spinous process

Which of the following regions of the spinal cord follows typical segmenting without mixing roots? A) thoracic B) sacral C) lumbar D) cervical E) all of the above form nerve plexuses.

A) thoracic

10) The vertebral arches surround and protect the A) vertebrae. B) ribs. C) spinal nerves. D) spinal cord. E) cranial nerves.

D) spinal cord.

11) The vertebral arch encloses A) the mental foramen. B) the foramen spinosum. C) the transverse foramen. D) the intervertebral foramen. E) the vertebral foramen.

E) the vertebral foramen.

The "hunched" appearance associated with the advance-stage osteoporosis is associated with compression fractures of which of the following structures? A) vertebral bodies B) posterior elements of the vertebrae C) pelvis D) ribs E) none of the above

A) vertebral bodies

What is the correct order of passage for visceral motor fibers on their way to a spinal nerve? (1) autonomic ganglion (2) ventral root (3) gray ramus (4) lateral gray horn (5) white ramus A) 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 B) 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 C) 1, 4, 5, 2, 3 D) 5, 4, 2, 3, 1 E) 1, 4, 2, 5, 3

B) 4, 2, 5, 1, 3

Intervertebral compression in an abnormal direction can cause A) rheumatoid arthritis. B) a herniated disc. C) a sprain. D) rheumatism. E) none of the above.

B) a herniated disc

4) The dens is a part of the A) atlas. B) axis. C) vertebra prominens. D) thoracic vertebra. E) anticlinal vertebra.

B) axis.

The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains A) ventral rami. B) axons of sensory neurons. C) interneurons. D) axons of motor neurons. E) cell bodies of motor neurons.

B) axons of sensory neurons

Structures associated with the terminal end of the spinal cord include all of the following except A) filum terminale B) foramen magnum C) cauda equina D) conus medullaris E) lumbar vertebral level 1

B) foramen magnum

Joints between the vertebrae include A) ellipsoidal joints. B) gliding joints. C) hinge joints. D) pivot joints. E) both A and C.

B) gliding joints

The spinal nerves enter and exit the vertebral canal through the A) vertebral foramen. B) intervertebral foramen. C) transverse foramen. D) ventral root. E) dorsal root.

B) intervertebral foramen

An "electric shock" type of pain radiating down the spine on forced cervical flexion when in the supine position, a symptom associated with spinal meningitis, emanates from which of the following structures? A) facet joint B) meninges C) denticulate ligament D) intervertebral disc E) supraspinous ligament

B) meninges

Which of the following arises from the sacral portion of the lumbosacral plexus? A) ilioinguinal nerve B) pudendal nerve C) obturator nerve D) iliohypogastric nerve E) saphenous nerve

B) pudendal nerve

5) The lumbar curvature of the spine serves mainly to A) increasing the ability to extend the limbs. B) shifting the weight of the trunk to the hips and lower extremities. C) aligning the weight of the head over the legs. D) accommodation of the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera. E) take weight off of the hips.

B) shifting the weight of the trunk to the hips and lower extremities.

20) A needle used in a spinal tap must be inserted until its tip is in the A) arachnoid mater. B) subarachnoid space. C) peridural space. D) epidural space. E) subdural space.

B) subarachnoid space.

An upper motor neuron lesion will result in A) loss of reflexes B) bilaterally symmetric reflexes C) asymmetric reflexes D) no change in reflexes

C) asymmetric reflexes

6) Which of the following vertebral column levels has the thickest intervertebral disc? A) between C7 and T1 B) between C1 and C2 C) between T12 and L1 D) all of the above E) none of the above

C) between T12 and L1

Spinal nerves extending distal to the conus medullaris are collectively referred to as the A) motor neurons B) filum terminale C) cauda equina D) spinal meninges E) denticulate ligaments

C) cauda equina

The pia mater is connected to the dura mater to anchor the spinal cord in place at paired structures called A) the conus medullaris B) the filum terminale C) denticulate ligaments D) coccygeal ligaments E) none of the above

C) denticulate ligaments

2) Which of the following is a spinal extensor? A) quadratus lumborum B) longus capitis C) iliocostalis lumborum D) longus cervicis E) longus colli

C) iliocostalis lumborum

Which of the following conditions may produce spinal shock? A) a moderately severe blow to the head B) abrasions of the epidermis of an extremity C) injuries to the spinal cord D) over exercising of the skeletal muscles E) none of the above

C) injuries to the spinal cord

The ventral root of a spinal nerve transmits ________ information ________ the spinal cord. A) motor; toward B) sensory; toward C) motor; away from D) sensory; away from E) both A and D

C) motor; away from

8) Which of the following can be found on cervical vertebrae only? A) facets B) laminae C) multiple foramina D) processes E) both A and C

C) multiple foramina

The blood vessels that directly supply the spinal cord are found in the A) epidural space. B) dura mater. C) pia mater D) subarachnoid space. E) arachnoid mater.

C) pia mater

The nuclei in the spinal cord that contain the cell bodies of the somatic and visceral sensory neurons are located in (the) A) anterior gray horn B) gray commissures C) posterior gray horn D) lateral gray horn E) none of the above

C) posterior gray horn

14) The lumbar and cervical curves of the vertebral column are called A) primary curves. B) quaternary curves. C) secondary curves. D) tertiary curves. E) none of the above.

C) secondary curves.

The reason the lumbar plexus and sacral plexus are sometimes referred to as the lumbosacral plexus is because A) they are so close together. B) they have a very large connection between them. C) they innervate the same area of the body. D) they both carry only sensory information. E) none of the above.

C) they innervate the same area of the body

Axons crossing over in the cord pass through (the) A) anterior white commissure. B) anterior gray horns. C) posterior white commissure. D) gray commissure. E) none of the above.

D) gray commissure

The H-shaped mass in the center of the spinal cord is mostly A) black matter. B) white matter. C) axons. D) gray matter. E) none of the above.

D) gray matter

16) What event causes the cervical curve to begin development? A) the birth process B) intrauterine events C) walking begins D) an infant begins to lift his or her head E) none of the above

D) an infant begins to lift his or her head

Caudal extensions of the dura and pia mater that connect to the sacrum and coccyx make up (the) A) denticulate ligaments. B) cordosacral ligament. C) inferior ligament of the spinal cord. D) coccygeal ligament. E) none of the above.

D) coccygeal ligament

All of the following are true of fiber tracts in the spinal cord except A) all axons within a tract relay information in the same direction. B) axons of a single tract are relatively uniform in diameter, myelination, and conduction speed. C) each tract carries sensory or motor information, but not both. D) the tracts are randomly located with respect to the type of information carried. E) there are no exceptions; all of the above are true.

D) the tracts are randomly located with respect to the type of information carried

18) Medially, at the junction of the neck and the upper back, the ________ forms a bony projection. A) tip of the scapular spine B) border of the scapula C) acromion process D) vertebra prominens (C7 ) E) distal head of the clavicle

D) vertebra prominens (C7 )

The part of the vertebra that transfers weight along the long axis of the vertebral column is (are) the A) spinous process. B) vertebral arch. C) vertebral pedicles. D) vertebral body. E) transverse process.

D) vertebral body

15) The part of the vertebra that transfers weight along the long axis of the vertebral column is (are) the A) spinous process. B) vertebral arch. C) vertebral pedicles. D) vertebral body. E) transverse process.

D) vertebral body.

Generally speaking, the nerves of the lumbar plexus control (the) A) anterior thigh. B) abdominal muscles. C) medial thigh. D) skin of the medial side of the knee. E) all of the above.

E) all of the above

Intervertebral joints are A) amphiarthrotic. B) gliding joints. C) symphyses. D) actually made up of three separate joints. E) all of the above.

E) all of the above

Joints between the vertebrae include A) diarthroses. B) amphiarthroses. C) symphyses. D) synostoses. E) all of the above.

E) all of the above

9) Which of the following vertebral curvatures is convex anteriorly? A) thoracic B) sacral C) cervical D) lumbar E) both C and D

E) both C and D

The spinal meninges function to A) protect the spinal cord. B) assist in delivering nutrients and oxygen to the spinal cord. C) stabilize the spinal cord. D) absorb shocks to the spinal cord. E) do all of the above.

E) do all of the above

With respect to control of spinal reflexes, the higher brain centers A) take part after the individual chooses to permit the reflux to proceed. B) act to enhance or suppress spinal reflexes. C) influence spinal reflexes in a series of interactive levels. D) have no effect on reflexes. E) do both B and C.

E) do both B and C

17) Surgery of the spinal cord most often involves cutting of the A) pedicle. B) body. C) transverse process. D) spinous process. E) lamina.

E) lamina.

Spinal reflexes A) include monosynaptic reflexes only. B) involve only a single segment of the spinal cord. C) may include polysynaptic reflexes. D) always transmit information to the brain for processing. E) do both A and B.

c) may include polysynaptic relfexes