H. Biology Midterm Study Guide

which property of water is most responsible for water moving from the roots to the leaves of a plant?

adhesion

in an experiment, a scientist adds radioactive oxygen to different parts of the enviornment in which he grows his plants. based on the chemical equation, adding radioactive oxygen in which component would produce radioactive glucose?

air

this incomplete diagram shows carbon cycling through the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. how should the diagram be completed in order to demostrate the flow of carbon in the system?

arrow 2 should point toward the biopshere, and arrow 3 should point toward the atmosphere.

this model shows fructrose, a common sugar. write an x in a correct box to show whether each of the listed elements would be expected to be found in fructose. a. carbon b. hydrogen c. oxygen d. nitrogen c. phosphorous

carbon = in fructose hydrogen = in fructose oxygen =in fructose nitorgen = not in fructose phosphorus = not in fuctose

the images show carbon-based molecules found in living organisms . based on evidence from the images, which statement about the bonding of carbon atoms is true?

carbon has the ability to form up to four bonds

in the trachea there is a layer of epithelial cells called the respiratory mucosa, which contains specialized cells that produce mucus. these specialized cells are called goblet cells and the function of the mucus is to keep the trachea moist. what is this an example of ?

cells working together to maintain homeostasis.

which steps will reduce the amount of an input to photosynthesis?

cover half of the plants stomata reduce the amount of sunlight that is available to the plant

which activites could a farmer in this region do to help decrease the amount of nitrogen added into the Mississippi river? write each letter in the box beneath the correct heading. a. adding manure to the soil b. planting corn in a nitrogen-rich field c.adding nitrogen gas-releasing bacteria to the soil d. adding commerical fertilizer to the soil.

decreases nitrogen amounts= adding nitrogen gas releasing bacteria to the soil and planting corn in a nitrogen rich field increases nitorgen amounts= adding manure to the soil and adding commercial fertilizer to the soil.

which mathematical relationship best describes the trencds shown in the model?

energy at lower trophic level = 10 x energy at next trophic level

using the information in the graph, circle the letter of all the correct statements.

energy is absorbed in this reaction the reactants in this reaction have more energy than the products.

alicia is developing a model of photsynthesis and respiration. part of her model includes the inputs and outputs of each process. which of these describes inputs and outputs of alicias model?

glucose is an input for respiration and an output for photosynthesis.

which best details the movement of energy through aerobic cellular respiration?

heat energy is released as chemical potential energy is transferred from glucose molecules to ATP molecules.

suppose that a graph was created to show the energy involved in breaking the polymer into two monomers. How would that graph differ from the one show?

in the new graph the products would have more energy than the reactants.

write the letter of the words in the correct box to show whether it is an input or an output of glycolysis. A. energy C. 3-carbon sugar D. 6-carbon sugar

inputs of glycolosis= 6 -carbon sugar outputs of glycolysis= energy and 3- carbon sugar

one type of fish that the scientist is studying is able to actively uptake salt through its gills. How would this ability aid a fish to maintain homeostasis?

it would help prevent a fish in fresh water from having not enough salt in its blood.

some fish can live in both salt water and fresh water. based on the information in the passage, which of these would be expected of a fish that moves from fresh water to salt water?

it would produce smaller amounts of more concentrated urine.

the diagram shows three types of transport the cell uses to move molecules across the cell membrane. write one letter in each box to correctly complete the diagram. a. diffusion b. passive transport c. active transport

left- diffusion middle -passive transport right- active transport

The diagram shows a model of the hierarchical organization of the muscular system. which of these best explains the next level of organization in this model?

muscle cells, because they are the smallest living unit in the body.

different parts of the cell system are responsible for different functions in the maintenance of homeostasis. write the letter of each part of the cell with its function. Nucleus ribosomes mitochondria cell membrane a. produces cellular proteins b. produces energy for cellular functions c. stores genetic information of the cell d. controls movement of materials in and out of the cell

nucleus - c ribosomes - a mitochondria - b cell membrane - d

most starfish turn their cardiac stomach inside out to eat captured prey. The cardiac stomach digests the food outside of the body and, when complete, returns to the inside of the body. Which term applies to the cardiac stomach?

organ

the model shows water molecules interacting. the gray circles represent oxygen, the white circles represent hydrogen. which conclusion is supported by this model?

oxygen atoms in water molecules are also attracted to hydrogen atoms in other water molecules.

ocean ecosystems act as a carbon sink removing atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is dissolved in the seawater. which biological process would then utilize this dissolved carbon dioxide?

photosynthesis by phytoplankton

scientists are developing a new class of vaccines, known as nano vaccines, that can be stored at room temperature for six to ten months. A study found evidence that nano vaccines boost the immune response in mice. the scientists reported their initial findings to other scientists. what is the most logical next step in the nano vaccine developement process?

replicate the nano vaccine results in further animal studies

a biologist discovers a new species of plant that grows in very wet climates..... which experiement can she perform to best test this hypothesis?

she waters different plants w different volumes of water and measures the diameter of stoma in each leaf.

cochlear implants are devices that are often implanted in patients who have trouble hearing. Circle the letter of the sentences that describe a risk of a cochlear implant

signaling from the device can cause dizziness. implantation of the device can cause infections.

students in ms. choi's class are using models to represent aspects of bacterial cells. Write one letter in the correct box to classify each type of model. a. tom wrote an equation to represent bacterial growth and reproduction. b. charlotte made a flow chart to illustrate the process of atp production in bacteria. c. stella ran a computer program to predict the effects of a change in the shape of a bacterium. d. karen created a three dimensional model of a bacterial cell showing its major structural features.

simulation = c physical model = D conceptual model = B mathematical model = A

a researcher is comparing sugar molecules that a cell takes in with aminoacid molecules that the cell produces. Draw a circle around the statements that are true about amino acids but not about sugars.

structure is coded for in DNA can bond together to form proteins

which statement is accurate when comparing the reactants with the products? circle the letter of the correct answer.

the bonds of the reactants contain more energy than the bonds of the products.

which statement best explains the role of energy in cellular respiration?

the cell transfers stored chemical energy to different chemical bonds.

brenda ran a 5 km race. during the race she began to breathe heavily, and some of her muscles began to burn. which of these explains why Brenda felt a burning in her muscles during the race?

the cells did not have enough oxygen, so they used fermentation as a source of energy.

an engineer is developing a new prosthetic leg to help patients who have lost limbs to walk. The engineer is focused on making the best device possible to address this medical need. the current device design will cost $10,000 to manufacture, but the cost of the item cannot exceed $8,000. How should the engineer approach this problem using the engineer design process.

the engineer should reconsider the materials, location of manufacture, and any elements of the design that can be simplified to reduce cost.

the diagram shows a model of how the enzyme is able to catalyze the reaction that forms the dimer. which of these explain how a large increase in temperature would most likely affect the function of the enzyme.

the enzymes effectiveness would decrease, because it would change shape and be less able to catalyze the reaction.

gracilaria verrucosa is a type of algae that can live in a salt marsh, which is sometimes covered by ocean water, or in a subtidal habitat, which is usually covered by ocean water. it was discovered that the g. verrucosa living in the subtital habitat had a photosyntheitc rate 5 to 10 times higher than the same species living in the salt marsh habitat. which statement best explains this difference.

the g. verrucosa in the subtidal habitat contains more chlorophyll.

this model shows some of the inputs and outputs for the respiratory and circulatory systems. Which statement explains why the arrows between the atmosphere and the respiratory system are different sizes?

the muscular system uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.

Engineers are working to develop a new kind of artifical knee, which is used to replace damaged knees. Which of these would be considered a tradeoff of the artifical knee?

the new artifical knee is heavier than previous artificial knees to improve its lifespan.

which statement explains the data presented in the graph

there is more assimilation occuring in the tropical rainforest than in the savanna.

the scientist is conducting an experiment on cellular respiration in which she supplies a cell culture with radioactivky labeled oxygen gas. after a period of time, she samples the culture. which of these molecules will contain the radioactive oxygen atoms?

water

the inputs of cellular respiration are glucose and (1)________, and bonds in these molecules are broken. The outputs of cellular respiration are (2)______ and water, and new bonds are formed in these molecules. The energy stored in one molecule of glucose leads to many molecules of (3)_____. In the process of cellular respiration, energy is (4) __________.

1. oxygen 2. CO2 3. ATP 4. conserved

a. models energy transfer among trophic levels b. compares the biomass at different trophic levels c. shows how many organisms are present at each trophic level

1. shows how many organisms are present at each trophic level 2.compares the biomass at different trophic levels 3.models energy transfer among trophic levels

the process of photosynthesis includes multiple steps. write one letter in each box in the diagram to create a model of the process of photsynthesis

1. water 2. oxygen 3. sugar 4. carbon dioxide

a. 10 b. 100 c. 1000 d. 10000 e. 100000 f. 1000000

100, 1000, 10000, 100000

number the processes from 1 to 5 to show how the respiration provides energy to a muscle fiber for contraction to take place. __ the energy in ATP is used to make muscle cells contract __glucose molecules are broken down into smaller sugars. __ the electron transport chain is used to produce ATP. __energy is captured during the krebs cycle __Glucose molecules in the bloodstream are absorbed by a muscle cell.

5. the energy in ATP is used to make muscle cells contract 2. glucose molecules are broken down into smaller sugars. 4. the electron transport chain is used to produce ATP. 3. energy is captured during the krebs cycle 1. Glucose molecules in the bloodstream are absorbed by a muscle cell.

this diagram shows a model of the conversation between ATP and ADP which statement is supported by the model?

ATP contains more energy than ADP

which pair of molecules are both compounds ?

CO2 , H2O