Hardware

When a computer is shut down, the information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is ___.

not saved

Wi-Fi waves are basically _____ waves.

radio

Digital device manufactures include separate chips of storage (nonvolatile) that contain instructions not designed to be rewritten or removed. An example of these instructions includes the basic input-output system (BIOS). This type of storage is separate from the hard drive and is referred to as ___-only memory (ROM).

read

A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a ___

server

A processor composed of one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a:

single-core processor

Data from the hard drive reaches the CPU ___ than data from the RAM.

slower

Many computers today use _____, which is a coding scheme using at least 16 bits to represent a character.

unicode

Some computers use _____ , an 8-bit coding scheme to represent characters in a binary format.

ASCII

Bus ___ is measured in bits. A 64-bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data

width

What are some true statements about the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) encoding standard?

Can represent a total of 256 characters Capable of representing 26 uppercase and lowercase letters used in the English language, numbers, and many different symbols.

What statements are true about Unicode?

Capable of representing all of the world's languages 16 bit (minimum) encoding standard

One way to delete unused files from your Windows hard drive is to use the Disk ___ app

Cleanup

The amount of bits a processor can work with at any given time is referred to as ___

word size

What are some characteristics of a traditional hard drive?

Commonly found in desktop computers and uses magnetically charged plates to store data

True or false: Most tablets have solid-state drive (SSD) capacities measured in terabytes (TBs).

False

The ___ is a computer within your computer that creates images.

GPU (graphics processing unit)

What are two examples of computers?

Gaming consoles and smartphones

What are two units of measurement used for typical hard drive capacities for personal computers?

Gigabytes and Terabytes

___ is the standard for video and audio input into televisions today

HDMI

IrDA stands for the ___ Data Association which establishes the protocols for infrared communication transfer.

Infrared

Because users typically do not want the signal to pass through walls, television remotes usually use what wireless technology?

Infrared signals

What is the order of the information processing cycle?

Input, process, output, store

Founded in 1968, ___ is the world's largest designer of computer chips. Its i5, i7, and i9 chips dominate the personal computer market.

Intel

The largest chip designing and manufacturing company in the world is ___

Intel

Which important process is performed by the CPU?

Machine cycle

L1 cache

Memory located directly on the processor itself matches

L3 cache

Memory located next to the processor

Disk cache

Memory used to increase a hard drive's efficiency

What is commonly associated with laptop computers?

Mobility, a full operating system, and an integrated keyboard, monitor, and touchpad

What two characteristics of a solid-state drive (SSD)?

No moving parts and extremely fast

Founded in 1993, ___ produces popular mobile device processors.

Nvidia

The Apple iPod, Google Chromecast, Amazon Kindle Fire and Roku are examples of _____ Media Players

Personal

IPOS refers to the four basic computing functions. IPOS stands for Input, ___, Output, and Storage.

Processing

What three colors are used to create pixels in most output devices?

Red, green, and blue

What are some examples that provide data storage?

Server bank, external hard drive, and solid-state drive (SSD)

What are some features of tablet computers?

Tablet computers are highly portable, have a smaller operating system (OS), and include a touchscreen Highly portable Smaller OS (usually) Touchscreen is primary input

What best defines the term "resolution" in output devices?

The number of pixels in a display and quality of the image

One type of storage device is a ___.

Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive

File Server

Used for data storage

Web Server

Used to control access to resources on the Web

Network Server

Used to control access to resources such as printers and applications on a network.

The standard for wireless Ethernet networks is known as _____.

Wi-Fi

Smartphones owe much of their popularity and computing flexibility to ___.

apps

Represented by either a 0 or 1, a ____ is the smallest unit of data a computer can process.

bit

A short-range wireless transmission protocol is known as _____.

bluetooth

The loading of an operating system into the main memory of a device is called the ___ process

boot/booting/bootloading

The three factors that impact processor speed are clock speed, word size, and _____.

bus width

Data flows between different parts of the computer via _____.

buses

In addition to the RAM, modern processors temporarily keep frequently accessed data in a _____.

cache

A digital device that accepts input, processes data into information, stores data, and provides output is a ___

computer/laptop

The physical parts of a computer such as the system unit (like the tower unit shown) or a monitor are referred to as computer ___

hardware

Memory, such as a computer's RAM ___

holds data and programs being used by the processor.

A two-in-one computer combines a large tablet computer with a (usually) detachable ___

keyboard

While not designed to solve complex technical formulas, a computer that is more powerful than a server computer, and used by organizations to process large numbers of transactions simultaneously is called a ___

mainframe

Megahertz means one _____ cycles (or instructions) per second.

million

In an all-in-one computer, such as the one pictured in the image, the motherboard is housed behind the ___

monitor/screen/display

The system unit of a computer houses the computer's main circuit board. This circuit board, which holds the CPU, is called the ___

motherboard

Cache contains frequently accessed data and is ___.

much smaller than computer's RAM

The actual number of pixels (resolution) in a monitor is called ___ resolution.

native

Devices that integrate the computer case (chassis) and system components into the monitor, but have an external keyboard and mouse are called ___ computers

all-in-one

Memory, such as RAM or cache, is __ and has no moving parts.

electronic (solid state)

Sold in categories such as CAT5e (enhanced) or CAT6, or CAT7 cable is commonly used for connecting devices in a network. These are commonly called cables.

ethernet

A protocol commonly used to transfer large files from one server to another on the Internet is the ___.

file transfer protocol (FTP)

The graphics adapter inside a digital device is also called the ___ card.

graphics/video

What are some examples of storage devices?

hard drive, solid state drive, USB flash drive, optical drive (DVD or CD), cloud storage (DropBox), memory card

Fetch, decode, execute, and store are steps of the _____ cycle.

machine

A cell phone that allows you to surf the web is called a ___. This is actually a powerful computer capable of accepting input, processing data into information, providing data, and storing data.

smartphone

A hardware component that keeps data and information when the device is not powered is called a ____ device.

storage

The most powerful computers, ___, can evaluate complex data very quickly. Many of these computers in the United States are owned by the government or major research institutions and can cost $1 million dollars or more.

supercomputers

A high-speed storage area usually located directly on the CPU is called ___

cache/L1 cache/L2 cache

Clock speed, also referred to as _____ _____, is the speed at which the processor performs the operations required to run a digital device and instructions executed by the digital device.

clock rate

The smallest element of an image is called a ___ and is usually composed of ___ colors.

pixel + three

IP, FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS are all acronyms that describe different ___

protocols

A highly mobile, touch-screen enabled device that is larger than a smartphone and popular with those who use a computer while walking around is a ___ computer.

tablet

Popularized with transistor radios in the 1950s, this connector is still used with many (non-Apple) cell phones today. It is a ___

3.5-mm connector

There are many protocols that are used to help streamline the communication of all digital devices. For example, Wi-Fi uses the _____ protocol. This protocol ensures that devices enabled with Wi-Fi can connect to any Wi-Fi network.

802.11

Founded in 1969, ___'s technology is featured inside most gaming consoles including the PS5.

AMD

What are two correct statements regarding all-in-one computers?

All-in-one computers house every component except the keyboard and mouse inside the same case as the monitor. An all-in-one computer is a stationary device with a separate keyboard and mouse. The motherboard is housed behind the monitor.

Which items are commonly included when you purchase a Windows PC laptop computer with a solid-state hard drive?

An operating system and a universal serial bus (USB) port

What are some correct statements regarding clock speed?

Clock speed is sometimes called clock rate. Increasing the clock speed of a processor is called overclocking. The clock speed is the base speed at which the processor performs the machine cycle each second.

What computer might contain a traditional (magnetic) hard drive?

Dell desktop computer

Desktop computer

Designed for power users. Has a relatively large footprint.

Laptop computer

Designed for those who need a mobile computer but need to enter a large amount of data

Programs and data currently being used by the processor are placed in the ___.

RAM

The instructions needed to boot-up a computer, such as the basic input/output system (BIOS), are typically stored in _____.

ROM (Read Only Memory)

A type of interface that enables communication between digital devices, allows data transfer, and for devices to be electrically charged is called Universal ___ Bus

Serial

What are three characteristics of desktop computers?

Desktops use a full OS, they allow for relatively easy upgrade and expansion, and are often used in offices since they do not need to be mobile.

What is equal to one cycle per second?

Hertz

Processors typically have a word size of either ___ or ___.

32 bits; 64 bits

What are the three characteristics of a tablet computer?

Is highly mobile, usually has a mobile operating system, and has as a touchscreen

The small amount of memory, located within the CPU itself, is referred to as ___ cache.

L1

The connector and port developed for Apple devices such as iPhones and iPads is called _____.

Lightning

High-Definition ___ Interface is a standard interface for audio-video connectivity which allows for the transmission of high-definition audio and video signals.

Media/Multimedia

___ can damage a processor if not properly executed. It will also void your warranty.

Overclocjin

____ is actually storage since it retains data and information when the power has been turned off.

Read Only Memory (ROM)

A hole in a punchcard, a transistor on a circuit board, or the reflective element on a digital versatile disc (DVD) each represents the smallest unit of data storage called a ___.

bit

Eight bits combined together equal one ___

byte

Screen size is measured by the ___.

diagonal distance between the upper right and lower left corners of the screen.

Screen size is measured ___ from one corner of the screen to the other.

diagonally

Small computers that are a component of other devices are called ___ computers

embedded

The output of a computer that creates a visual image is called ___.

graphics

A unit of frequency representing one cycle per second is ___

hertz

Because they have no moving parts, solid-state drives (SSDs) costs tend to be ___.

higher

All computations and activities in a digital device are conducted by the ___

processor

Sometimes called a convertible laptop, a type of laptop that has a removable, or concealed keyboard as well as a touchscreen so that it can be used as a tablet is called a ___

2-in-1

Because its radio waves can pass through walls or desktops, ___-capable devices are becoming very popular.

Bluetooth

All-in-one computer

Designed to stay on a desk. Provides a large monitor but takes up less space than a desktop computer

Tablet computer

Highly mobile device that can be used while standing or even walking

A personal computer with a separate system unit (chassis or tower) and a relatively large footprint is called a ___.

desktop

The amount of space a device takes up on a desk or table is referred to as its _____.

footprint

Typical SSD capacities for tablet computers or smartphones are measured in _____.

gigabytes

A mobile hinged computer with an integrated keyboard that uses a full operating system is called a notebook or a ____ computer.

laptop

Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and can execute two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a ___-core processor.

multi

The location of the computer's ___ unit, which houses a computer's motherboard, depends on the type of computer. For example, in this laptop, it is located under the keyboard.

system

Hard drive ___ is the amount of storage you have available to save data and information.

capacity/space/size

Resolution refers to the _____ and clarity of an image.

sharpness