Hasset ~ Layan Hamed

How many monkeys were used in this study?

13 males and 4 females

What kind of study is this?

A biological study

What was the sample taken from?

A large social group

What us the setup of the study?

Are toy preferences related to biological factors other than socialization.

What is the apparatus of this study?

Available toys were categorized by object properties rather than traditional gender assignments The colors and shapes varied

What were the results of the study?

Each monkey received their own data set for frequency and duration of behavior with the toys. Not all individuals interacted with a toy.

What is the DV of the study?

Frequency of playing with the toy

What is the nature(view 3)?

Hormones arse the source of differences. Girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH), which causes increased adrenal androgens, show toy preferences more in line with boys than girls. When girls with CAH are encourages to play with stereotypically female toys, they reject this and continue to play with stereotypically male toys.

What is the design of the study?

Independent groups a. gender b. one exposure to each available toy

What did the frequency data show?

Males showed a statistical preference for wheeled toys over plush. Females did not show a statistical preference between the two categories of toys.

What is the sample of the study?

Monkeys were pre-coded for social rank and age. Social rank was determines by behavioral observations

What type of experiment was this?

Natural Field Experiment

What is the background of this study?

Sex differences in children and adults have been widely researched for many years, particularly in toy choices. The boys tend to play with more masculine-type toys while girls tend to play with more feminine-type toys.

What is the IV of the study?

Sex of monkey

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Sex refers to the "different biologically and psychological characteristics of males and females" while gender refers to the socially constructed characteristics of men and women.

What is the nature(view 1)?

Socialization processes, peers, or parents encouraging play with gender specific toys.

Why were some participants excluded from the study?

They were participating in another study

What is the hypothesis of the study?

Toy preferences among sexes is due to biological causes rather than learned differences.

What is the nature(view 2)?

Toy preferences reflect biologically determined preferences for specific activities facilitated by specific toys.

Where was the sample taken from?

Yerkes National Primate Research Center