HCP Quizzes Wk 2

Pay for performance (P4P) can result in improved performance for conditions that are measured, but might lead to physicians and hospitals avoiding the sickest patients. True False

True

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has reduced un-insurance in the United States, but underinsurance has increased. True False

True

The following is an example of rationing: In a small rural hospital 200 miles from another hospital, a very sick patient is denied ICU care because all 3 ICU beds are full with other very sick patients. True False

True

The four major actors in the health care sector are purchasers, insurers, providers, and suppliers. True False

True

Universal health insurance proposals in the United States prior to 1970 were all government financed True False

True

Which of the following is true: 1. Underinsurance is an effect of uninsurance 2. Underinsurance can be addressed by increasing cost sharing 3. Because of cost sharing, decreases in uninsurance can result in rising rates of underinsurance 4. The ACA drove uninsurance rates down to zero 5. Uninsurance and underinsurance rates ten to rise and fall together

3. Because of cost sharing, decreases in uninsurance can result in rising rates of underinsurance

Which is true of supply limits? A. If you reduce the supply of hospital beds, you can save money and not reduce quality B. If you increase the supply of hospital beds, you do not increase a patient's length of stay in the hospital because doctors always know how many patients need to be in hospitals and for how long C. If you reduce the supply of hospital beds, you always reduce the quality of care D. Reducing the supply of MRI and cardiac surgery facilities can reduce costs but always hurts patients

A. If you reduce the supply of hospital beds, you can save money and not reduce quality

Key principles of medical ethics include: Beneficence Non-maleficence Autonomy Justice All of the above

All of the Above

Which of the following are activities of daily living? A. Shopping for groceries B. Managing finances C. Dressing D. Taking medications E. Getting in and out of the bed or chair F. Bathing G. All of the above H. B, C, and E I. C , E, and F

All of the Above

Which of the following are common problems in nursing home patients? Dementia Incontinence Restricted mobility All of the above

All of the Above

Which of the following is false regarding the malpractice system? Most patients who are injured by the health care system successfully sue and receive compensation Most negligent actions performed by physicians result in malpractice claims Many malpractice claims are against doctors who have done nothing wrong Legal fees make up a small percentage of malpractice costs All of the above

All of the Above

Which of the following statements is true? A. The public health model of prevention means doctors ordering mammograms to prevent breast cancer B. The public health model of prevention means legislating tobacco taxes to reduce the use of tobacco C. The public health model of prevention means removing lead from the water of Flint, MI D. All of the above E. B and C

B and C

Of the above statements, which represents a dilemma between autonomy and non-maleficence? Which principle wins? A. Jehovah's Witness refuses a blood transfusion for serious intestinal bleeding B. A doctor refuses to do surgery for a cancer that has metastasized all over the body C. A 90-year-old man who is cognitively intact refuses surgery for colon cancer even though the cancer might be curable D. A poor gentleman receives a heart transplant because he was on the waiting list longer than a rich woman who died waiting for her heart transplant E. All of the above F. A and C

B. A doctor refuses to do surgery for a cancer that has metastasized all over the body

Which of the following countries had the second highest per capita health expenditures in 2012 (the United States being the highest)? A. Canada B. Germany C. Japan D. Great Britain

B. Germany

Which of the following is true about US health expenditures per capita? A. It doubled between 1980 and 2013 B. It may be close to 20% of gross domestic product by 2025 C. It continued to rise rapidly between 2009-2013, years of the economic recession D. All of the above are true

B. It may be close to 20% of gross domestic product by 2025

Which of the following countries had the lowest infant mortality in 2011? A. Canada B. Germany C. Japan D. Great Britain

C Japan

A. All United States residents would be covered under the same plan B. The 31% of United States health expenditures going to administrative costs would go down substantially C. Cost control would be more difficult under a single-payer plan D. Health insurance would no longer be tied to jobs

C. Cost control would be more difficult under a single-payer plan

How much did the monthly Medicare Part B premium increase between 1966 and 2015? A. From $20 to $50 B. From $20 to $105 C. From $3 to $105 D. From $3 to $50

C. From $3 to $105

Which services are not usually paid by Medicare? A. At-home physical therapy following a stroke B. Two weeks of at-home nursing care for a wound infection C. Home care to cook meals for a patient with dementia D. Speech therapists helping patients who have had a laryngectomy

C. Home care to cook meals for a patient with dementia

Which is true of the figure below? A. A rapid rise of the curve means that more spending is associated with better health outcomes B. A slower rise of the curve means that more spending is associated with better health outcomes C. Health outcomes improve much slower per dollar spent as health care costs increase D. All of the above

C. Health outcomes improve much slower per dollar spent as health care costs increase

As passed, most experts believed that the two most important provisions of the ACA were: Employer mandate and individual mandate Employer mandate and Medicaid expansion Individual mandate and Medicaid expansion

C. Individual mandate and medicaid expansion

Of the above statements, which represents a dilemma between justice and beneficence? Which principle wins? A. A Jehovah's Witness refuses a blood transfusion for serious intestinal bleeding B. A doctor refuses to do surgery for a cancer that has metastasized all over the body C. A 90-year-old man who is cognitively intact refuses surgery for colon cancer even though the cancer might be curable D. A poor man receives a heart transplant because he was on the waiting list longer than a rich woman who died waiting for her heart transplant E. All of the above F. A and C

D. A poor man receives a heart transplant because he was on the waiting list longer than a rich woman who died waiting for her heart transplant

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 is based on which of the following types of health insurance? A. Government financed B. Individual private insurance C. Employer-based private insurance D. A and C E. All of the above

E All of the above

Most long-term care expenses are paid by which of the following? A. Medicaid B. Medicare C. Long-term care private insurance D. Out-of-pocket payment E. A and D F. B and D

E. A and D

Which of the following are examples of painless cost control? A.Reducing spending on childhood immunizations B. In a city with many underutilized MRI scanners, reducing the number of MRIs C.Reducing the prices of pharmaceuticals D. All of the above E. B and C

E. B and C

Which of the following statements are true about the ACA individual mandate? A. Individuals who choose to purchase private insurance can get tax credits B. Individuals without insurance are required to purchase private insurance C. Individuals are required to pay for the entire cost of their insurance D. Individuals with low to middle income levels receive subsidies to help them purchase their insurance E. B and D F. B and C

E. B and D

Which of the following is true about patient cost-sharing? A.Patient cost-sharing has never been studied in the United States B.Co-insurance and deductibles are forms of patient cost-sharing C.Patient cost-sharing never causes harm to patients D.Because 10% of the population is responsible for 70% of health care costs, increasing cost-sharing on the 90% of people with relatively low health care costs is an ineffective cost control strategy E.B and D

E.B and D

Which of the following countries had the lowest infant mortality in 2011? A. Canada B. Germany C. Japan D. Great Britain

F None of the above

If 30% of medical care in the United States is unnecessary and perhaps even harmful, widespread rationing is not required in the United States. True False

True

Benevolence can conflict with autonomy in which of the following situations? A. A Jehovah's Witness refuses a blood transfusion for serious intestinal bleeding B. A doctor refuses to do surgery for a cancer that has metastasized all over the body C. A 90-year-old man who is cognitively intact refuses surgery for colon cancer even though the cancer might be curable D. A poor man receives a heart transplant because he was on the waiting list longer than a rich woman who died waiting for her heart transplant E. All of the above F. A and C

F. A and C

Which of the following are providers? A. Blue Cross health insurance companies B. Home care agencies C. Pharmaceutical companies D. Hospitals E. All of the above F. B and D G. B, C, and D

F. B and D

Prevention always reduces health care costs. TRUE FALSE

FALSE

Price controls in a fee-for-service system always reduce health care costs. TRUE FALSE

FALSE

The figure below shows that it is impossible to get more bang from the health care buck. (Showing the dashed line below the solid) TRUE FALSE

FALSE

About 3 million family and friends of patients needing long-term care serve as unpaid caregivers. True False

False

All patients on Medicaid can get care through home- and community-based waivers that allow for care outside of nursing homes. True False

False

If you have competent health care providers, you will have high quality health care. True False

False

No one dies due to poor quality care. True False

False

Private long-term care insurance pays for all nursing home costs for people buying that insurance. True False

False

The health care industry includes purchasers, insurers, and suppliers. True False

False

The purchasers wish to increase dollars spent on health care. True False

False

Throughout the history of the United States, health care system following World War II, the purchasers always had more power than the providers. True False

False

Tobacco use has declined much less in highly-educated populations than in populations who lack opportunity for good education. True False

False

Which of the following is true about money and quality of care? Fee-for-service payment can hurt quality by incentivizing unnecessary care that can be harmful Capitation can hurt quality by incentivizing unnecessary care that can be harmful Money plays no role in quality of care; professionals are not influenced by monetary rewards When physicians own a CT scanner, the number of CT scanners per population is no different than when non-profit hospitals own CT scanners

Fee-for-service payment can hurt quality by incentivizing unnecessary care that can be harmful

In which of the following countries does the entire population have government-sponsored health insurance? A. Canada B. Germany C. Japan D. Great Britain E. All of the above F. A and B G. A and D

G. A and D

In 2013, the effects of tobacco and diet/inactivity were responsible for almost a million deaths in the United States. True False

True

Large pharmaceutical companies spend billions of dollars influencing physicians and patients to use more expensive brand name drugs. True False

True

According to Bodenheimer and Grumbach, the four major actors who must be considered in all healthcare policy developments are all of the following except: Purchasers Suppliers Patients Insurers Providers

Patients

Many major infectious diseases were reduced in incidence and prevalence by sanitation measures prior to the use of vaccinations and antibiotics. True False

True

Aggregating health care payments has a greater chance of reducing health care costs than fee-for-service payment. TRUE FALSE

TRUE

Eliminating unnecessary invasive cardiac procedures can both reduce costs and improve quality. TRUE FALSE

TRUE

Pay for performance (P4P) can result in improved performance for conditions that are measured, but might lead to physicians and hospitals avoiding the sickest patients. TRUE FALSE

TRUE

When Medicare introduced Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) in 1983, hospital costs went down slightly but hospitals retaliated by charging other payers more. TRUE FALSE

TRUE

When prices go up, health outcomes usually don't improve. TRUE FALSE

TRUE

A large reduction of cholesterol levels of people with very high cholesterol reduces heart disease less than a modest reduction of cholesterol levels of the entire population. True False

True

A social insurance program, with younger people contributing a small amount through social security, could finance long-term care for the elderly and disabled. True False

True

For many years, the pharmaceutical industry has been the most profitable industry in the country. True False

True