hdfs 414 exam 2

basic dimensions of human condition

- capacity for self-awareness - tension between freedom and responsibility - creating identity and relationships - search for meaning - awareness of death

how does person-centered therapy work?

- collaborative - therapeutic relationship is important - counselor has to be in touch with themselves

"free the human spirit in you" (3 ways to discover meaning)

- creating work or doing a deed - experiencing or encountering something - attitude we take toward unavoidable suffering (my illness taught me something)

general limitations of existential psychotherapy

- doesn't always account for real life situations where people have limited choices - limited empirical support - doesn't focus on specific techniques, makes treatments difficult to standardize

anxiety: a condition of living (types)

- existential anxiety is normal - neurotic anxiety: we are typically unaware; anxiety about concrete things that is out of proportion

socratic dialogue

- first make sure client knows they're not a victim - might have symptoms, but they as a person are not the symptoms - ex. referring to someone as "a person with anxiety" instead of an "anxious person"

focus of motivational interviewing

- getting clients to realize that their problems are harmful to either themselves or others - increase intrinsic motivation - reluctance to change is normal

capacity for self-awareness

- greater awareness means greater chances of freedom - realizing time is limited - choice on actions - must seek meaning - we are subject to negative feelings/emotions

limitations from a diversity perspective (existential)

- sometimes people want more direction - some think its too individualistic (insensitive to social factors that cause problems) - not concrete

contemplation

- starting to realize there is a problem - 50/50

strengths of alder's theory from a diversity perspective

- stresses effects of social class, racism, sex, and gender on the behavior of individuals - therapy is flexible - action oriented, therapist plays active role as well - advocates equality of women

lifestyle assessment

- subjective interview - objective interview - family constellation - early recollections - basic mistakes

what is therapeutic relationship like (adler)

- supportive, collaborative, encouraging - person-to-person contact comes before identifying the problem - client builds awareness of his or her strengths

what does person-centered therapy challenge?

- the assumption that the counselors knows best - validity of advice giving - that clients can't understand and resolve problems without direct help - focus on problems over person

goals of existential therapy

- the will to meaning - help clients accept freedom and responsibility - collaborative - crises - help clients recognize ways that they're not living an authentic life - actions and words are congruent with beliefs and values

phenomenological approach

- therapist views world from client's point of view - reality is less important than how client believes life to be

encouragement intervention(adler)

- used in every stage - most distinctive intervention - fundamental attitude more than a technique

strengths from a diversity perspective (existential)

- very open - not restricted - want to understand client's view of the world

logotherapy

people are motivated by a "will to find meaning"

private logic

person's own reasoning behind themselves, others, and the world

what does the therapist focus on

the therapeutic relationship

limitations from a diversity perspective

- can't always change the conditions of the client's problems - drawbacks for those not interested in exploring their childhood

questions humans should avoid asking (frankl)

- cannot question "why me?" - rather, answer life's questions - respond to what life throws at us

adler and lifestyle

- a life movement that organizes the client's reality - gives meaning to life - psychiatric symptoms are "failed attempts" at achieving our lifestyle - makes all our actions fit together

role of techniques (existential)

- NOT technique oriented - techniques from other models can be used (in the right context) - process at its best when therapist and client both meet their deepest self

identity and relationship: what does it mean and what is our fear

- "the courage to be" - search within and find our own answers - fear that we will discover there is no core or self - being "alone" helps us to discover our authentic self

common questions/sources of existential angst for clients

- "who am i?" - "I will die." - "what dies it all mean?" - "will I die alone?" - "How am I going to get to where I want to be in my life?"

what is social interest

- individual's attitude toward and awareness of being part of a community - emphasizes positive feelings toward the world (happiness and success)

what does phase 3 do

- interpret findings of assessment - hidden goals and purposes of behavior are made conscious - offers interpretations to help clients gain insight and private logic

therapist client relationship (existential)

- journey taken by both of them - person-to-person rel. is key - therapist must be in contact with themselves in order to help clients

basic principles of logo therapy (viktor frankl)

- life has a meaning under all circumstances, even the miserable ones - freedom to find meaning

inferiority feelings

- normal - characterized by feelings of hopelessness - develop when we are young

existential psychotherapy

- phenomenological philosophy - humans are in a constant state of transition, evolving and booming - searching for meaning in their subjective worlds

preparation

- planning to make a change - determine specifics

superiority feelings

- promote mastery and enable us to overcome obstacles

3 dimensions of humans

1. body 2. mind 3. spirit - although we suffer illness in the body or the mind, the spirit remains healthy - however, access can be blocked

3 therapist attributes that create growth-promoting environment & definitions

1. congruence - genuineness or realness 2. unconditional positive regard - acceptance and caring 3. accurate empathetic understanding - ability to deeply grasp the subjective world of another person

3 phases of existential therapy

1. initial phase: - clients are assisted in identifying and clarifying their assumptions about the world 2. middle phase: - assisted in fully examining source and authority of present value system 3. final phase: - translate what they've learned about themselves into actions

5 psychologic positions of birth order

1. oldest child: receives more attention, spoiled, center of attention 2. second of only two: behaves as if in a race, often opposite of first child 3. middle child: often feels squeezed out 4. youngest: the baby, just kind of there 5. only child: doesn't learn to share or cooperate with other children, learns to deal with adults

5 steps of change

1. pre-contemplation 2. contemplation 3. preparation 4. action 5. maintenance

6 therapeutic core conditions (pct)

1. two person are in psychological contact 2. client is experiencing incongruence 3. therapist is congruent with themselves or integrated in the relationship 4. therapist experiences unconditional positive regard or real caring for client 5. therapist experiences empathy 6. communication to the client is achieved

Alfred Adler's theory is

Individual Psychology

what does phase 4 do

action oriented phases emphasize putting insights into practice - clients are reoriented toward the useful side of life

action

actually making a change and acting on your plan

pre-contemplation

aren't even aware that there is a problem

adler and childhood views

client's interpretation of of childhood events is more important than the facts of what actually occurred

unconscious instincts and adler

do not determine our behavior

what did motivational interviewing start as?

early intervention for problem drinking

phase 3 of therapy (adler)

encouraging self understanding/insight

phase 1 of therapy (adler)

establishing the proper therapeutic relationship

individual psychology: purpose

explanation of human behavior

phase 2 of therapy (adler)

exploring the individuals' psychological dynamics

phase 4 of therapy (adler)

reorientation and re-education

what does person centered therapy strive for?

self-actualization

most significant concept of alder's theory

social interest