Health 1020 ch 7
How much does physical activity increase energy expenditure beyond basal metabolism?
15-35%
How many calories are in one pound of fat tissue
3500
Decreasing calorie intake is an important component for weight loss. Approximately how many calories should be eliminated each day for a slow and steady weight loss?
500 kcal
Jon has used all efforts to gain weight in order to achieve a healthy BMI but has not been successful. Which of the foollowing philosophies should he adapt.
Aaccept his lean fram Add muscle mass through a strenght resistance program Prevent health problems associated with underweight
_____ is the over the counter version of orlistat, a weight loss medication that blocks the digestion of fat in the small intestine
Alli
The ratio of body weight to height is the
BMI
Method used to estimate total body fat that uses a low energy electrical current is known as
Bioelectric impedance
Set point theory of weight maintenance prposes that
Body closely regulates the body weight and body fat content Humans have a genetically predetermined body weight. Humanshave a genetically predetermind body fat content
Direct calorimetry measures the amount of
Body heat released by a person
Diret calorimetry measures the amount of
Body heat released by a person
Direct calorimetry measures ___ while indirect calorimetry measures____
Body heat, oxygen consumption
The specialized form of itissue that produces large amounts of heat by metabolizing energy yielding nutrients without synthesizing much useful energy fo r the body is known as
Brown adipose
Reading food labels, writing down everything you eat and drink, and using diet analysis software to adjust calorie intakes are all ways to monitor ____ during a weight loss program
Calorie intake
Components of energy output not involving basal metabolism
Digestion of nutrients Physical activity Absorption of nutrients
Which of the following components of total energy expenditure is most easitly altered to acheive weight management goals?
Energy for physical activity
The best way to ensure that extra caloire inake will support gains in lean mass rather than fat mass is to
Engage in strength-training exercieses
Which of the following promote lower body obesity
Estrogen Progesterone
A calorie counter, such as the body-bugg, tracks calorie ______ throughout the day
Expenditure
During the measurement of bioelectric impedance, greater adipose stores are associaited with lower resistance to electrical flow.
False
Obesity decreases person's risk for premature death
False
Succesful, sustainable weight loss is simple: just reduce calorie intake
False
T or F: Diret calorimetery measures oxygen consumption while indirect calorimetry measure the heat released by the body.
False
Upper-body obesity is associated with decreased risk for hypertension and diabetes.
False
Major health problems associated with very low calorie diets include ____
Gallstones Heart problems
The hormone _____, along wiht an empty stomach, signals the brain that you are hungry.
Ghrelin
Porgesterone and estrogen promte
Gynoid obesity
Direct calorimetry measures the amound of body______ released by a person
Heat
Benefits of physical activity include
Helping with weight loss Boosting self esteem helping maintain lower body weight helping a person stay physically fit
What part of the body closely monitores and regulates body fat?
Hypothalamus
A weight loss regimen on the internet claims that 10 minutes of physical activity each da is all you need to lose weight. A more successful plan would
Incorporate 60-90 minutes of physcial activity Also include behavior modification strategies, such as self monitoring of diet and exercise Also include dietary strategies to reduce energy intake.
As lean muscle mass increases as a result of physical activity, metabolic rate
Increases
Identify the health risks that are caused by fat storage in abdominal adipose cells.
Increases inflamation Increases blood vessel restriction Increases insulin resistance
Brown adipose tissue is a contributior ot heat regulation in the following population
Infants
Weight loss gimmicks come and go and are liely to resurface again. The best way to feel confident about a weight loss program is to look for
Its analysis in a peer reviewed journal
Which of the following are characteristics of unreliavle weight loss programs?
Lacks scientific support promotes quick weight loss Recommends the use of expensive supplements
Orlistat partially blocks fat didgestion and subsequent absorption. Name fat- digesting enzyme that is inhibited by orlistat
Lipase
Treatment for overweight and obesity should be
Long term Lifestyle change
Treatment for overweight obesity should involve healthy active living with acceptable diet modifications that will promote weight ______ and later, weight ________
Loss, maintenence
Dietary approach that has been most successful in long term studies is the ____ approach
Low fat, high fiber
a CARBOHYDRATE FOCUSED diet relies on
Low glycemic index foods
Which of the following would not be a valid way to measure or estimate the amount of energy used by the body each day
Measurement of food intake from the various food groups
Skinfold calipers are used to
Meaure fat layer directly under the skin Measure fat layer at multiple sites on the body Estimate Body fat content
Energy balance is thought of as energy input ersus energy output. Identify teh components that contribute to the 'energy output' of this equation
Metabolism Digestion Physical activity
The brown apperarance in brown adipose tissue is a result of its greater number of
Mitochondria
Metabolic rate, fuel use, and brain chemistry are all examples of the influence of ____ on body weight
Nature
In order to lose weight, it is necessary to be in ____ energy balance.
Negative
Lower body obesity is also termed ___ obesity
Pear shape Gynoid Female pattern
What devices is used to monitor activity and steps
Pedometer
When energy input s greater than energy output, the person is in __________ energy balance.
Positive
Three princliples that are most important in preventing obesity
Positive behavior changes Decrease calorie intake Increase physical activity
Positive energy balance is normal and healthy during
Pregnancy Childhood Infancy
Which of the following are true statements about novelty diets?
Promote weight cycling Leaving out entire food groups can lead to nutrient deficiencies.
Physiological changes that endorse the set point theory include
Reduced calorie intake decrreases blood concentration of thyroid hormones weight loss increases efficiency of fat storage Weight loss reduces caloire cost of weight bearing activites
A recently approved weight loss medication, lorcaserin hydrochloride, assists weight loss by
Regulating appetite
The need for women to have a higher body fat when compared to men is to maintain
Reproductive functions Estrogen production
Which of the following congribute to basal metabolism
Respiration of the lungs Activity of liver, brain, and kidney Heart function
The _____ metabolic rate is calculated instead of a basal metabolic rate if the individual has not fated and/or not rested for 12 hours frior to the test
Resting
Foods that are high in fiber and water promote
Satiety
Bioelectric impedance is used to estimate body fat content by
Sending a painless, low-energy current through the body and measureing the resistance to the electrical flow
A diet plan promoted in fashion magazine states "eat all you want and lose 10 lbs in 2 weeks" This statement does not agree with osund weight loss recommendations, Such as:
Set a goal of 1 lb/week weight loss Conrol problem eating behaviors.
The energy used for the digestion, absorption, and pocessing of food is called the
Thermic effect of food
T/F A weight loss program that promises a rapid weight loss is unreliable
True
Air displacement and underwater weighing are methods used to estimate body
VOlume
A peron who uses orlistat for weight management should take a multivitamin and mineral supplement because the drgut limits absorption of
Vitamin : A K D