Health 231 JMU Howley Midterm
What does the U.S. health care system do well at?
CRITICAL CARE BEDS, adult vaccinations, specialty care, and screenings, preventative screenings, specialists, biomedical research and med tech
compared to U.S., which countries reported higher % of drivers wearing seat belts?
Canada, UK, Sweden (most)
_________ means everyone has the same resources
Equality
_________ means everyone gets what they need
Equity
U.S. is #___ in TV watching
#1
_____ of road accidents in U.S. is linked to alcohol
1/3
_____% of population not covered w health care
10%
U.S. = bottom ____ of kids exercising ___ = #1 of kids exercising
3rd New Zealand
How many peer countries are there?
17
What % of americans are uninsured before ACA?
17%
How much time do Americans spend watching TV?
2 hrs/day
U.S. is the ____ to last rank in population smoking
2nd
Alcohol Is implicated in _____ of violent crimes
30%
What is the U.S. ranked in life expectancy?
42nd
U.S. is ____ in the world on calorie intake
4th
living and working conditions - __x impact on our health and ___% of preventable death
5x; 60%
U.S. is ______ highest in Sexual/physical assault
6th
What % of americans are uninsured after ACA
9%
What is an egalitarian society?
A society that shares their resources
what are the U.S. peer countries?
Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Spain
what is the "faulty gene" for breast cancer called?
BRCA1
PT is an example of an upstream approach T or F?
False
What countries have a lower breastfeeding rate than U.S.?
France & Spain
What is the #1 cause of bankruptcy in U.S.?
Health Care
Leading cause of death of african american men in Harlem?
Homicide and violence
What is the most important measure of a countries health status?
Infant mortality
What country has the highest life expectancy?
Japan
Who is the father of population health?
Jeffrey Rose
Who discovered source of cholera outbreak in London?
John Snow
Who is the "father of epidemiology"?
John Snow
What countries provide less health insurance than U.S.?
Mexico, Chile, Turkey
Shorter lives and poorer health is written by?
National Research Council and Institution of Medicine
What makes a peer country a peer country?
Similar economic status
What branch of epidemiology studies how social position and context influence human health?
Social epidemiology
What country is an example of an egalitarian society?
Switzerland
T or F: zip code>genetic code
T
Poorer people are having more chronic conditions rather than infectious diseases T or F?
True
What country has the lowest smoking rate?
U.S.
_____. spent double the average on health coverage
U.S.
based on peer countries, which country consumes the most calories?
U.S.
road traffic deaths compared w alcohol is most common in what country?
U.S.
unsafe sex practices are most common in?
U.S.
which country reported lowest % of motorcyclists to wear a helmet?
U.S.
_______ has highest incident of AIDS compared to its peer countries, ____x the average
U.S.; 9x
Best predictor for ones's health?
Wealth= Health Wealth Gradient
example of organizational stage?
Work places implementing healthy snacks in vending machines
examples of biology determinant?
age, sex
what is a major leading cause of death?
atherosclerosis and diabetes
examples of health service determinant?
availability, access, cost
what is the U.S. life expectancy?
below 30 (42)
what is genetic predisposition?
born to higher risk, but do not HAVE it
what is social epidemiology?
branch of epidemiology that studies how social position and context influence human health
Who did the White Hall study observe?
british public servants
examples of policy making determinant?
clean water act, clean air act, vaccinations
whats a host agent? ex?
communicable diseases ex: person hygiene, food safety, safe sex
example of intrapersonal stage?
diet change
examples of individual behavior determinant?
diet, physical activity, substance use, hygiene, mental health, driving
why is universal health care not the answer?
doesn't prevent sickness
example of interpersonal stage?
families influence on your behaviors
what is clinical epidemiology?
focuses on risk factors within host agent model
midstream example?
free clinic, food pantry
Leading cause of death in U.S.?
heart disease
What did John Snow do?
mapped cholera disease location and noticed death patterns
The younger pop in the U.S. has a _______ mortality rate and _______ life expectancy
higher, shorter
example of community stage?
implementing a park
Number of new disease cases is _______
incidence
examples of social determinant?
income, education, social norms, public safety, transportation
_____ is leading cause of death of children and adults from 1-45 years of age
injuries (transportation & violence)
What are the 5 levels of SEM?
intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, organization, public policy
firearms are the _______ death rate for violence, suicide, and accidental shootings
largest
White Hall's second study involved?
men and women
example of public policy stage?
must be 18 to buy cigarettes & 21 to buy alcohol
examples of physical determinant?
natural environment, built environment, pollution, physical barriers, aesthetic barriers
downstream example?
no care
Do U.S. health systems explain the U.S. health disadvantage?
no, too many factors
White Hall's first study involved?
only men
what are the determinants of health?
policy making, social factors, health services, individual behaviors, biology and genetics
Total # of people who have disease is ________
prevalence
What does the U.S. health care system NOT do well at?
primary care, physician to patient ratio, hospital beds, primary care physician care, access to care, child vaccinations and prescription control
Blaming the victim for having a disease is a weakness of which model?
risk factor model
Ex of risk factor model?
risks: nutrition, safe sex, exercising, no smoking, sleeping
U.S. has lowest adult smoking use except for
sweden
what makes us healthy?
the determinants of health
what are the leading killers of the modern age?
tobacco, diet, physical inactivity, personal behaviors
50 years ago, U.S. life expectancy was?
top 5
upstream example?
universal health care
What did White Hall experiment study?
workers in high-paying jobs are twice as likely to be healthy than workers in lower paying jobs
Best way to predict life expectancy?
zip code