Health care systems quiz questions

Which of the following (according to research/stats) is NOT an effect of increased primary care within a population? A. Increased morbidity. B. Lower rates of hospitalization. C. Lower smoking rates. D. Increased seat belt use.

A. Increased morbidity.

What is the main purpose of cost sharing? A. It controls the utilization of health care. B. It reduces the cost of health insurance premiums. C. It limits the insureds' out-of-pocket costs. D. It prevents the providers from delivering expensive services without approval.

A. It controls the utilization of health care.

What is self-insurance? A. Large employers assume the risks and budget for medical claims. B. Any non-public insurance. C. A type of managed care plan. D. Insurance plans available to the self-employed.

A. Large employers assume the risks and budget for medical claims.

A doctor of osteopathic medicine believes in: A. Preventive and holistic medicine. B. Active and passive intervention to combat disease. C. Herbal and vitamin treatment only. D. Foreign and domestic medicine.

A. Preventive and holistic medicine.

Open heart surgery would be example of what type of care? A. Tertiary B. Collective C. Palliative D. Secondary

A. Tertiary

Risk is generally predictable for what group? A. Groups of people B. Underwriters C. Individuals D. Providers

A. groups of people

Health service administrators: A.are responsible for operational, clinical, and financial outcomes of the entire organization. B. focus on the community as a whole rather than treating the individual C. diagnose and treat patient illnesses. D. assist physicians in patient care.

A.are responsible for operational, clinical, and financial outcomes of the entire organization.

Financing of health care aggregates into: A. Higher taxes. B. Health care expenditures. C. Various health insurance programs and plans. D. Private and public financing.

B. Health care expenditures.

One mechanism to control the growth of technology would be to: A. Increase spending on R&D. B. Implement central planning. C. Increase the number of specialty residency slots. D. Expand health insurance coverage.

B. Implement central planning.

Which answer does not describe a negative consequence of specialty maldistribution? A. Specialist services have less impact in improving overall health status. B. More predictable hours and higher prestige for specialists. C. High volume of intensive, expensive medical services. D. Access problems by the underserved.

B. More predictable hours and higher

Which of the following is true in regards to healthcare today in the U.S.? A. There are more primary care physicians than specialty physicians. B. There are more specialty physicians than primary physicians. C. Primary care receives a higher reimbursement in professional fees. D. Outpatient care is slowly decreasing.

B. There are more specialty physicians than primary physicians.

Public health professionals: A. are responsible for operational, clinical, and financial outcomes of the entire organization. B. focus on the community as a whole rather than treating the individual. C. diagnose and treat patient illnesses. D. assist physicians in patient care.

B. focus on the community as a whole rather than treating the individual.

For health insurance purposes, what is the threshold for full-time work under the Affordable Care Act? A. 20 hours per week B. 24 hours per week C. 30 hours per week D. 36 hours per week

C. 30

In Preindustrial America, the destitute and disruptive elements of society were confined in a(n): A. Asylum B. Pesthouse C. Almshouse D. Hospital ward

C. Almshouse

Which of the following has been the primary factor that has shielded the US health care system from a major overhaul? A. Social factors B. Economic forces C. Beliefs and values D. Science and technology

C. Beliefs and values

Which of the following is not true about medical services in Preindustrial America? A. Medical care was mainly domestic. B. Medical practice was more a trade than a profession. C. Blue Cross expanded to provide hospital insurance coverage. D. Medical education was not grounded in science.

C. Blue Cross expanded to provide hospital insurance coverage.

The health care subdivision of the U.S. economy continues to grow because: A. Immigration continues to rise leading to a growth in population. B. Baby boomers hit retirement age in the year 2011 and beyond. C. Both A and B. D. None of the above.

C. Both A and B.

Private health insurance first emerged as a result of: A. Cultural acceptability. B. Political expediency. C. Economic necessity. D. Social desirability.

C. Economic necessity.

What was the role of a dispensary in Preindustrial America? A. Dispensaries delivered medicines to hospital inpatients. B. The aim of this facility was to isolate people who had contracted a contagious disease. C. It provided free outpatient services. D. The role was to perform surgeries.

C. It provided free outpatient services.

What is voluntary health insurance? A. Health insurance that covers only hospital services. B. Government-sponsored health insurance. C. Private health insurance. D. Health insurance sponsored by a hospital.

C. Private health insurance.

Which of the following IS one of the reasons why outpatient services have increased in popularity over the past 20 years? A. Increase in hospital technology budget. B. Decrease in MCOs. C. Public/private insurance reimbursement. D. Increase in staff at hospice organizations

C. Public/private insurance reimbursement.

What is the term for the development and dissemination of technology? A. Technological imperative B. Technological advancement C. Technology diffusion D. Technology dispersion

C. Technology diffusion

Current legislation regarding new drugs in the U.S. requires that: A. The approval process is completed in six months or less. B. Orphan drugs are given priority in the approval process. C. The FDA reviews the safety and effectiveness of a new drug before it is marketed. D. Drug manufacturers give premarket notification before launching new drugs.

C. The FDA reviews the safety and effectiveness of a new drug before it is marketed

Which of the following is true in regards to health care today in the United States? A. There are more primary care physicians than specialty physicians. B. Primary care receives a higher reimbursement in professional fees. C. There are more specialty physicians than primary physicians. D. Outpatient care is slowly decreasing.

C. There are more specialty physicians than primary physicians.

A job description for a physician would be to: A. Determine the significance of a patient's health condition. B. Only prescribe medications to patients. C. Diagnose unusual conditions. D. A and C

D. A and C

Studies have shown that NPP services can: A. Improve access to primary care. B. Spend more time with patients than physicians. C. Provide mediocre services at a less expensive price. D. Both A and B.

D. Both A and B.

Electronic medical records utilize which type of information system? A. Administrative information system B. Integration of telecommunications and information systems C. Decision support system D. Clinical information system

D. Clinical information system

Which of the following IS a benefit of primary care? A. Tertiary reimbursement B. Surgery standardization C. Higher professional reimbursement D. Gatekeeping

D. Gatekeeping

What type of care is described as "end of life care?" A. Tertiary B. Home health C. Preventive D. Hospice

D. Hospice

What is the general term for the delivery of medical care when the provider and client are separated by distance? A. Virtual visit B. Medical informatics C. E-health D. Telemedicine

D. Telemedicine

What is meant by the term technological imperative? A. Lowering expectations when new technology becomes available to consumers. B. The importance of training personnel to use new technology correctly. C. Balancing the costs of technology against its benefits. D. Using technology despite its cost.

D. Using technology despite its cost.

Congress mandating that employers offer health insurance was a factor that led to the rapid expansion of employer-based health insurance. T/F?

False

Few efforts related to utilization control factors have been used to reduce length of stay at hospitals.

False

There are more generalists than specialists in the United States. T/F?

False

True or False? In addition to drugs and devices, the FDA also has the authority to review medical and surgical procedures for their safety and effectiveness.

False

True or False? Medicare can include a single or a family plan.

False

True or False? Mortality is a measurement of secondary care prevention.

False

True or False? The term medical technology can be applied only to the products of biomedical research.

False

True or False? Together, Parts A through D of Medicare offer comprehensive coverage to pay for all medical services.

False

With regard to the legalities pertaining to the Affordable Care Act, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that federal subsidies were to be made available only to those who purchased health insurance through an exchange established by a state. T/F?

False

True or False? Medicare provides medical benefits to only the elderly.

False, also disabled

True or False? Self-insurance is generally used by individuals who cannot obtain health insurance through their employers.

False, self insurance IS provided by employers

most western european countries have national health care programs that provide universal access. how does the national health insurance system, such as the one adopted by the country of Canada differ from the national health system, such as the one structured in Great Britain?

NHI: the system is tax supported in which the government guarantees a basic package of health services to all citizens, but the actual care is delivered by private physicians of choice. NHS: this too is tax supported however the entire infrastructure is government controlled. Patients have no choice in choosing HC facilities, physicians, or providers.

True or False? Medicaid is a government-based program intended to cover the eligible poor determined by income level

T

The medical home model emphasizes having a primary care physician as a usual source of care and emphasizes team-based care.

True

True or False? American medical graduates increasingly choose to become specialists rather than primary care physicians.

True

True or False? Areas in which primary care has a stronger presence have much lower health care costs.

True

True or False? European countries that have national health insurance limit the use of medical technology.

True

True or False? Most MDs are specialists and most DOs are generalists.

True

True or False? One of the healthy people 2020 goals is to increase quality and years of life.

True

True or False? Part B of Medicare requires premium contributions from the beneficiaries.

True

True or False? Private health insurance originated to cover only inpatient hospital services.

True

True or False? The Rand Health Insurance Experiment demonstrated that utilization could be lowered through cost sharing.

True

True or False? The U.S. government improves society's health by influencing the health determinants.

True

True or False? The U.S. lacks checks and balances to determine the appropriateness of high-cost services.

True

True or False? The purchase price of equipment represents a lesser cost than the costs associated with utilization of technology.

True

True or False? Under Medicare Part A, a beneficiary can have an unlimited number of benefit periods.

True

A sudden heart attack would be classified as a _________ condition. A. Acute B. Preliminary C. Holistic D. Chronic

a

Air pollution and food & water quality would fall under which health determinant? A. Behavior B. Environment C. Medical care D. Heredity

b

Holistic medicine seeks to treat the individual in what manner? A. With OTC drugs. B. In conjunction with vaccines. C. As a whole person. D. According to family history.

c

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as: a. the absence of illness or disease. b. the state of optimum capacity of an individual to perform his or her expected social roles and tasks. c. a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. d.a state of physical and mental well-being that facilitates the achievement of individual and societal goals.

c

What type of justice is based on people's willingness and ability to pay? A. Social B. Distinct C. Market D. Imperfect

c

Which of the following are characteristics of the Medical Care Determinants of Health? A.Health care factors include access to technology but do not include access to alternative therapies. B.Mental health services are excluded from the WHO's primary health care framework. C.Whereas some services (preventive and primary care) contribute to general health status, others are more influential in end-of-life situations (hospice and long-term care). D.The medical system is highly coordinated so that throughout the phases of their lives patients are rarely faced with poor continuity of care.

c

Which of the following is an example of social intervention? A. Primary Care B. Pollution Reduction C. Education D. Smoking Cessation

c

Which of the following would NOT be considered a category of health determinants? A. Physical environment B. Heredity C. Disease prevention D. Medical care

c

a primary motivation in the development of managed care was to:

contain costs and expenditures of health care

The Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) moved focus away from building primary care capacity and toward implementing disease-specific interventions. T/F?

false

True or False? Medical schools were first opened by local colleges to support the need of classroom facilities.

false

true or false? barring major system changes, health service expenditures are projected to continue to decrease.

false

true or false? growth in technology is available to everyone.

false

capitation is:

financing of a managed care organization

the US safety net is for the nations most vulnerable populations. which of the following groups is not a vulnerable population?

insured employees

the government program designed to provide health care to people who are over 65 years of age or older is called

medicare

list the basic characteristics that differentiate the US health care delivery system form that of other countries

no central governing agency, little integration imperfect market conditions unequal access high on cost technology driven and focus on acute care multiple players market justice system and social justice systems conflict through the health care system access to healthcare selectively based on insurance coverage legal risk influence practice behavior

the ideology system that emphasizes the well being of the community over an individual is called:

the social justice system

the US government plays a limited role in the health care system. the governments role in the arena of health care delivery consists of:

to be the responsible party for health care delivery through medicare and medicaid programs

True or False? NPP practice in many areas in which physicians practice; however NPPs do not have a medical degree.

true