Health Communication Final Study Set
Which of the following is NOT part of the Stigma Communication Model? -Blame the individual for their stigmatized and peril it can cause -Categorize or label people -Link the group to physical or social peril -Distinguish people -Place responsibility on media platforms for causing these stigma mindsets.
ANSWER: E. The stigma communication model does NOT Place responsibility on media platforms for causing these stigma mindsets.
The unique features of a social media platform are referred to as: A). Social Affordances B). Users C). Gratifications D). Affordances
Affordances are the unique characteristics of social media platforms. For e.g., Twitter is used to stay informed and to quickly find information. Facebook to document our lives, and Reddit - the ability to stay incognito.
Multiple Choice _____________ recognizing that media users can choose how they interact with media messages, including ways that challenge certain representations or messages A) Power B) Intersectionality C) Context D) Agency
Answer is D because all the answers are part of the pillars for framework but Agency has the correct definition.
Most CSPs in medical schools focus on basic communication skills, often taught in the context of primary care consultations and these skills may include which of the following? A) Learning to structure the flow of a medical visit B) Offer differential diagnoses C) Communicate treatment options D) All of the above
Answer is D, In later years, the students might participate in CSPs addressing more specialized topics, such as communicating about mental health, health literacy, sexuality, and bad news but in medical school they will focus on the structural side of things.
Which of the following is NOT a didactic communication skill practice? -Lectures -Role Play -Readings -Videos
Answer- Role Play. This would be an experiential method which allows participants opportunities to practice specific strategies and/or skills.
Multiple Choice: What are some of the communication topics that should be discussed in nursing education or training classes? -how to express genuine feelings -how to ask questions -how to communicate with upset or angry patients -all of the above
Answer: All of the above are correct. Most programs forget to emphasize the importance of teaching these soft communication skills listed above. Sometimes instructors can get too caught up in the technical methods and procedures that they do not help nursing students grow their professional communication skills. These nurses are the ones who spend the most time with the patients.
Multiple Choice: Examples of didactic methods include all but: A. Lectures B. Role Play C. Readings D. Videos
Answer: B Explanation: Role play is considered an experimental method, not didactic. Information found on page 6.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a pillar of the Critical Media Effects Framework Theory? A. Power - recognizing that societal structures create inequalities and hierarchies among social groups,which give some groups more power than others B. Stereotyping - recognizing that some systemic structures in power have inherent biases, creating problematic messaging through stereotypes that can affect certain groups negatively C. Intersectionality - recognizing that media messages, and audiences, are diverse and have multiple socialidentities that overlap and intersect D. Context - recognizing that the meaning and effects of media messages will differ based on when, where,and through which channels the messages are produced and received
Answer: B (stereotyping). On page 8-9 of our reading, we learned about the Critical Media Effects Framework Theory. It outlined media messaging combined with critical approaches to study media effects. The four pillars of this theory are power, intersectionality, context, and agency. In the chapter, there was no mention of stereotyping as a pillar of the Critical Media Effects Framework Theory.
M/C: Which of the following is not a common reason for using any form of media? A: Passing Time B: Wanting more Privacy C: Relaxing D: Escaping from Reality
Answer: B is not a common reason for using any form of media. This is because social media does not include much privacy. Nowadays media tracks your likes, searches, interests, keywords, and many more. Privacy on popular media is becoming a scarce thing. The other common reasons can be found on the bottom of page 7, chapter 1.
in the mid 20th century, nursing leaders advocated for the importance of... A) Communication B) Relationships C) Interpersonal care D) Social interactions
Answer: B, Relationships. Nursing leaders made it a standard to enhance the significance of relationships because early on in society there was very little instruction on learning about technical skills and the role of communication in medicine.
Multiple Choice: Samantha recently got diagnosed with an illness. Her friends helped her by raising money to cover her costs, recommended her a specialist, and gave her health information based on all of the group's experiences. Which of the following support options were NOT provided by Samantha's friend group? a. tangible support b. information support c. esteem support d. network support
Answer: C (esteem support). On page 11 of the text, we learn about the different types of support that we can offer or receive in regards to health. In this situation, the group of friends raised money (tangible support), recommended a doctor (network support), and gave her health information (information support). Esteem support is "expressing esteem, respect, or admiration for a quality a person possesses connects positively to the health issue that person is facing," meaning that it was not a support that was given to Samantha.
Multiple Choice: Which one of these Communication Skills is not at the center of the three of the American Council for Graduate Medical Education's Core Competencies? A) Professionalism B) Patient Care C) Health Care Interventions D) Interpersonal and Communication Skills
Answer: C, Health Care interventions is not a part of the three of the American Council for Graduate Medical Education's Core Competencies. This information can be found at the bottom of page 4 of Chapter 14!
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is the incorrect component of The Critical Media Effects Framework? A) Power B) Intersectionality C) Interrelatedness D) Agency
Answer: C, Interrelatedness is the incorrect option. Power is the aspect of recognizing that societal structures create inequalities among social groups, which leads to giving more power to certain people over others. Intersectionality recognizes that media messages, and audiences, have multiple social identities that overlap and intersect.
1) Having a developed sense of internal health locus results in a great sense of agency. What does agency refer to? A) control over their own health B) emphasizes vulnerability C) the ability to make your own decisions. D) believes they are always the victim
Answer: C, the ability to make your own decisions. The term agency refers to having complete control of your life by the decisions being made that can impact your life.
Multiple Choice: Social support can be defined as messages through one or more of these types of support. What is not included as a type of support. A. Emotional Support B. Esteem Support C. Tangible Support D. Financial Support
Answer: D Explanation: Financial support is not included as a type of social support. Information found on page 11.
Multiple Choice: The Critical Media Effects Framework has 4 pillars of the theory. Which one does not belong? A. Context B. Agency C. Power D. Control
Answer: D Explanation: The 4 pillars of the theory are power, intersectionality, context, and agency. Information found on page 8,9.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following answers is NOT an outcome of good clinical communication? A. Better Health Outcomes B. Higher Patient Satisfaction C. Fewer Malpractice Claims D. Fewer Clinic Appointments
Answer: D (Fewer Clinic Appointments). On page 1 of chapter 14, we learn about clinical communication. It goes to describe the benefits of good clinic communication, which are higher patient satisfaction, higher patient safety, fewer malpractice claims, and better health outcomes. It does not mention fewer clinic appointments as a result of good clinic communication.
1) Which theory represents highlighting certain aspects of society, or certain health issues, media messages set the framework for what issues are deemed worthy of discussion. A) Episodic theory B) Cultivation theory C) Framing theory D) Agenda-setting theory
Answer: D, Agenda-setting theory. This theory asserts that creators of mass media messages must choose which topics or issues to include in their messages and which to exclude.
True/False: Healthism is the belief that a person's health is completely out of their control.
Answer: False Explanation: Healthism is the belief that a person's health is entirely under their control and responsible for their own health. Information found on page 17.
True/False: In the Kirkpatrick evaluation model, Level 1: Reaction is concerned with the learners' satisfaction with the social skills program.
Answer: False Explanation: Reaction is concerned the the learners' satisfaction with the communication skills program. Information found on page 8.
True/False: Nonverbal communication is when we use images to convey meaning.
Answer: False Explanation: Visual communication is when we use images to convey meaning. Information found on page 2.
T/F: CSP interventions tend to focus on all types of health issues.
Answer: False, CSP interventions tend to focus on particular health issues. One example is developing skills in motivational interviewing to promote smoking cessation. This information can be found in paragraph 2 on page 2 of Chapter 14.
True/False: Episodic framing contextualizes issues and events in terms of things such as historical or political trends?
Answer: False. At the bottom of page 4 and top of page 5 of Chapter 2, episodic framing is defined as presenting an issue in terms of specific details within a solitary narrative. The definition given in the question is the definition of thematic framing.
Multiple Choice: What type of communication primarily focuses on using markings or images to show meaning? Visual communication Verbal communication Interpersonal communication Hyperpersonal communication
Answer: The answer is visual communication. Visual aids such as pictures, objects, or drawings can represent a message that is trying to be sent to the audience. This is especially important for people who may have disabilities in some of their other senses.
True/False: Typically the first two years of medical school focus on clinical rotations.
Answer: This is false because the first two years need to be all about the basic coursework on communication and professionalism. Ethics is another common learning topic early on.
Most CSPs focus on the skill of communication to enhance the structure of flow in a medical visit to offer differential diagnoses, and communicate treatment options.
Answer: True, communication is the most crucial aspect in the medical field as it could potentially cause more harm than good. Having proper communication skills allows for the staff and patient to be on the same page when it comes to diagnosis's and treatment options.
2) A goal of public health messaging is to prevent disease, promote health, prolong life.
Answer: True, public health messagings encourages journalists to employ a public health frame when reporting on health issues. It combines thematic and episodic framing where stories can be used to promote and influence broader health crises.
True/False: The model of prosumption is the distinction between content creators and their audiences?
Answer: True, the model of prosumption can be found in chapter 1 at the bottom of page 6. This model demonstrates how users can create AND consume messages on social media. It combines the production of the content and the consumption of the content we see on social media.
True/False: Jack's parents subtlety questioned his ability to finish high school after he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. This is an example of a mental disorder stigma.
Answer: True. In this chapter, we learned about stigmas, which are negative stereotypes regarding health disorders. This was on page 15 of the text. In this case, Jack's parents assumed that because Jack had a mental disorder, he was at risk to not finish high school. This would be considered a stigma regarding a mental health disorder.
True/False: Victims of cyberbullying are roughly two times more likely to self-harm, have suicidal thoughts, and attempt suicide.
Answer: True. On page 20 of the textbook, it describes the statistics behind cyberbullying, as well as the definition. According to the textbook, young people who were victims of cyberbullying "were 2.35 times more likely to self-harm, 2.15 times more likely to have suicidal thoughts, and 2.5 times more likely to attempt suicide."
True/False: Roleplaying (also known as a simulation) is a way for healthcare students and providers to practice clinic communication skills with a simulated patient in a CSP encounter.
Answer: True. On page 6 and 7 of the chapter 14 reading, we learn about roleplaying (simulation). The direct definition of roleplaying regarding CSPs is "role playing has become a central part of many CSPs, offering participants opportunities to practice specific strategies and/or skills" and "many CSPs employ standardized or simulated patients—trained volunteers, actors, or well patients who perform the role of a patient in a CSP encounter. "
External locus of control is created by belief in an outer force such as a spirit or something being fate.
Answer: True. The chapter explains that locus can also mean location. Having an external locus of control is a common problem that I feel like healthcare professionals may have with patients.
Communication skills programs (CSPs) can take the form of communication skills interventions or communication skills education. True False
Answer: a. True - p. 2, para. 2. This chapter is heavily focused on communication skills (CS) and how to improve them in clinical settings. Page 2 discusses the two primary forms that CS programming takes - interventions and education. .
News agencies failing to cover stories of missing indigenous women is an example of Agenda-setting. True False
Answer: a. True - p. 4, para. 2. Agenda-setting theory states that creators of mass media messages choose which topics/issues to include or exclude in messages (McCombs & Shaw, 1976). When mass media creates an "agenda," they are telling their audience what to care about, whether they are doing so consciously or not.
Communication skills programs (CSPs) are oriented around the notion that communication cannot directly affect other outcomes.
Answer: b. False - p. 2, para. 4. Most CSPs are post-positivist, meaning that they are built on the assumption of cause-and-effect. This means that the CSP is designed to improve communication skills, which will then have a direct impact on other outcomes (health, satisfaction, etc.).
Episodic frames present issues as societal problems in need of societal solutions. True False
Answer: b. False - p. 5, para. 2. Episodic frames present issues as individual problems needing individual solutions. This framing usually shows specific details within a solitary narrative. These frames are easier to follow as an audience member, but do not focus on the societal issues impacting the experience. Thematic frames present issues as societal problems needing societal solutions. This framing contextualizes issues in terms of things like historical or political trends.
Which of the following does NOT increase with good clinical communication? -Patient satisfaction -Malpractice claims -Health outcomes -Patient safety
Answer: b. Malpractice claims - p. 1, para. 3. Improving clinical communication between providers and patients improve many things, including the choices a, c, and d. As the book mentions, malpractice claims actually decrease when clinical communication is improved.
The singer Lizzo using her platform to showcase her weight along with her daily activities and meals is an example of which perspective of stigma? -Accept public understanding of stigma and accept applicability to self -Accept public understanding of stigma and challenge applicability to self -Challenge public understanding of stigma and accept applicability to self -Challenge public understanding of stigma and challenge applicability to self
Answer: c. Challenge public understanding of stigma and accept applicability to self - p. 14, para. 2. Lizzo has championed her body and often showcases other heavier-weight women in her videos. She accepts that she is a large woman and chooses not to hide it. She works to challenge public perception of heavy-weight people by showing that she is still living an active lifestyle, eating a healthy diet, and loving herself for who she is.
Communication skills programs (CSPs) have been integrated into nursing/medical education through: -Spending time in practice communication laboratories -Interact with actors to communicate information to colleagues/patients -Enrolling in interprofessional teams to polish communication skills -All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above - p. 3, para. 2-4; p. 4, para. 1. The second half of the textbook discusses CSPs already in effect for nursing/medical students and practicing clinicians. All of the above choices were mentioned as educational/testing schools to improve clinical communication.
Cities having pit bull bans and/or forcing owners of pit bulls to move or put their dogs down is an example of which goal in the Stigma Communication Model (Smith, 2007)? -Distinguishing individuals -Categorizing or labeling groups -Linking group to physical or social peril -Blaming individual for stigmatized characteristic and peril it can cause
Answer: d. Blaming individual for stigmatized characteristic and peril it can cause - p. 11, para. 6. When looking at the mass media coverage of pit bulls, each action can be connected to the goals of the Stigma Communication Model (Smith, 2007):
The special skills learned by clinicians include... -Mental health -sexuality -bad news -all of the above
CSPs are taught specialized skills to aid their practice.
All form part of the communication social support except: A). Mental Support B). Emotional Support C). Informational Support D). Esteem Support E) Network Support
Communication social support for health includes all but not mental support. Another support missing in the ones outlines is tangible support such donating to a "Go Fund Me' page. Emotional support is about showing empathy, informational support about providing information or advice, network support - connecting people within your network eg recommending a very good doctor, esteem support which involves showing, esteem, respect etc.
CSPs can be interventions or educational programs. Interventions focus on except a). health issues b). interviews c). help patients stop smoking d). communications skills and evaluation
D) CS interventions and CS education differ in the type of services they focus on. Communication skills and evaluation are usually associated with educational programs.
A host of benefits can be associated with CSPs except: a). Benefits for patients and clinicians b). Increased empathy c). Patient satisfaction d). Clinicians -to-clinicians communication training benefits
D: A, b and c are part of the benefits produced by CSPs. D is not. In fact, a few studies have documented concerns about developing and evaluating outcomes.
To influence society, agenda-setting theory proposes that media producers work together to choose certain issues to focus on. True or False?
FALSE. Agenda-setting setting simply means media producers must choose topics or issues to include or not to include in their messages. This means therefore that what they choose is then used to set the agenda for public conversations. Media producers don't come together to choose what to highlight.
Journalists who cover health issues are also health experts. True or False?
FALSE. Regardless of the important role journalists play in bringing health information to communities, in translating highly technical, scientific information about health advances into plain language that is easily understood by audiences, they are never to be considered as health experts. They are not.
WhatsApp is a popular app used around the world. In the US, white Americans use the medium the most. True or False?
FALSE. While WhatsApp is widely used, according to a Pew Research commissioned in 2021, Hispanic Americans are the group that use the app the most. The study indicates that 46% of WhatsApp users are Hispanic American, 23% are Black Americans and 16% usage by White Americans.
True or False- CSPs can be interventions or community programs.
False! CSPs can be interventions or educational programs. This is so the individual can learn communication skills needed in the workplace, specifically in healthcare. Educational programs can come in many different forms, which helps the nurses, patients, and physicians improve their level and quality of communication.
True or False, Emotional support is providing information or advice about a health issue?
False, Emotional support is showing empathy for a person experiencing a difficult health issue.
Thematic framing presents an issue in terms of specific details within a solitary narrative.
False, Thematic framing contextualizes issues and events in terms of things like historical or political trends.
The key word "Authorship" is used to deconstruct questions such as "what creative techniques are used to attract my attention?".
False- the key word of authorship is used to deconstruct questions such as "who created/authored this message" The key word of format is used for questions such as "what creative techniques are used to attract my attention?". This is important to use for media literacy.
Self expression and self presentation can be used interchangeably.
False. Self expression refers to explaining and developing true feelings about who you want to become. The emotions and thoughts one has impacts the way they want to see the world. Self presentation refers to the choices you make that impact how you show others who you are.
True or False: Although social support can provide health benefits, it can also promote unhealthy behaviors. A particularly fascinating example of dysfunctional social support can be found by looking at hashtags like #getfit and #eathealthy.
False: Hashtags like #thinspo and #fitspo can be examples of dysfunctional social support in the fitness world as it makes people being thin always means healthy.
It is a fact that clinicians received a lot of formal instruction in communication in the past. TRUE/FALSE?
False: The opposite is true. They received little formal instruction in communication.
The Cultivation Theory of Media Effect refers to: A). the repeated exposure to media messages that impact how people think and act. B). deciding what to include or exclude to show how the media impact how people think and act. C). the presentation of information (problem and solution) to audiences to help them think and act. D). the two-step flow hypothesis.
In other words, the more we watch TV, the more our view of the world becomes similar to what we see on TV.
According to the book, the Model of Public Health Reporting is an effective method in closing the gap between the Public's perception of Health and relative Public Health issues. Which of the following options is NOT an overarching goal of the Model of Public Health Reporting (in lieu of media coverage). A. Describe the potential consequences of not addressing health issues. B. Describing the past consequences of not addressing health issues C. Presenting a range of realistic approaches to addressing health issues D. Acknowledging the Social Determinants of Health
Reasoning; According to Page #7, educating and presenting past consequences is not one of the main goals of the model of reporting (B). Although past consequences can be mentioned if necessary, the model is based around journalists presenting anecdotal stories used to present broader trends within the health of the community.
Good clinician-patient communication leads to.... -satisfaction -patient safety -fewer malpractice claims -all of the above
Studies by Batbataar et al., Wu and Rawal, and Levinson et al. have shown the above answer to be true.
Clinician-patient communication has always been fraught with challenges. TRUE/ FALSE?
TRUE. Research has documented the challenges in clinician-patient communications. This is noted in clinicians often dominating their conversations with patients, failing to identify patient's concerns among others.
Through the Uses and Gratification Theory, humans are believed to use social media in order to meet certain goals. Of these stated goals, 3 are due to social interaction. Which one of the following goals is not a common reason as to why people use social media for social interaction? A. Keeping up with old friends, relatives, etc. B. Finding new communities, friends, and relationships C. "Trolling" persons or leaving negative comments. D. Giving and receiving social support.
The Correct Answer is C, "Trolling" on the internet is not a common reason as to why people use social media. According to page #7, Uses and Gratification Theory states that people use social media to meet certain goals (This is MY question)
Health Communication is unimportant within the Medical Field, because it is a skill that comes naturally with all Health Professionals.
The answer is False. According to page 1, Health communication was more or less non-existent as a portion of curriculum until the later half of the 20th century. Communication became a more popular topic of education with the sector of Health / Medical school because it was associated with less health complications and more patient satisfaction. Health communication was once a tool which was thought to be unimportant / intuitive, but recently has been shown to be a very important form of curriculum.
Cultivation Theory states that the more we watch TV the more our views become similar to what we view on TV.
The answer is True. The more often a person watches TV the more they view the real world as being similar to what they see on TV. On page #2, multiple studies are portrayed in which the more often a person tends to watch TV, the more likely they are to have similar views.
_______ at its most basic level, refers to a compulsion to use or do something in excess. Cognitive impulses Addiction Routine Obsessive Disorder
The answer to this question is "B" since the basic definition of addiction means the compulsion to use or do something in excess. However, there are different types, levels, and forms of addiction that all vary in severity.
__________ which first emerged on websites (though these platforms are also now available through mobile apps) are part of what is called Web 2.0 A) Presumption B) Social Media C) Health Communication D) Social Networking Sites
The correct answer is B, Social media because the term Web 2.0 indicates advancements in internet technology and use, compared to earlier websites.
Over recent decades, Medical Schools have begun to incorporate more types of CSPs into the curriculum. Often times, near the end of medical school, students will have to take a test about the different types of communication within the curriculum. What is the most common type of test for the Medical Students (to test the stated curriculum)? A. Comprehensive multiple choice test in the form of a scantron B. Open ended questions within a medical setting C. Communicate with different "Patients" in 12 different stations D. Create a Powerpoint Presentation for the rest of the class
The correct answer is C. According to Page 3, medical schools have begun to incorporate a vast array of CSPs into the curriculum, and often a test will consist of interactive stations with "Patients". The medical students must show they are competent within their health communication skills.
In the reading it discussed different forms of social support. What number is the correct types discussed in the reading. -Emotional,Informational,Tangible -Network, interpersonal, hyperpersonal -Emotional, Esteem, Influence -Tangible, Interpersonal, Network
The correct answer is number 1. This is found on page 11 under Social Support.
In Chapter 14 we learned about CSPs Across Stages of Clinical Education, which one is not a correct stage -Nursing Education, Continuing Medical Education, Graduate Medical Education -Continuing Nursing Education, Pharmacy Education, Undergraduate Medical Education -Nursing Education, Orthopedic Education, Pharmacy Education, -Continuing Pharmacy Education, Continuing Nursing Education, Undergraduate Medical Education
The correct answer is number 1. We learned about all 3 of those stages. Orthopedic, and Pharmacy are not one. Starts on page 3
What are the correct four pillars of Critical Media Effects Framework? -Power, Intersectionality, Media, Agency -Residency, Context, Power, Media -Power, Agency, Context, Intersectionality -Power, Media, Agency, Context
The correct answer is number 3 which is found on page 9 under Critical Media Effects Framework
The public health frame is A). employs both episodic and thematic framing that uses individual stories to showcase broader health trends. B). uses episodic and thematic framing to create stories that educate audiences about the seriousness of health issues C). only A is correct D). both A and B are correct.
The public health frame includes other angles besides the two highlighted in A and B. It also includes using episodic and thematic framing to describe the potential consequences of not addressing the health issue, refrain from reducing the issue t individual behaviors etc.
Communication is now a critical component of clinician training. True False
The studies mentioned in the first question led to this. (True)
People are more willing to self-disclose in online spaces.
True - p. 8, para. 1. The online inhibition effect discusses this phenomenon. It states that people are more willing to self-disclose in online spaces. That willingness is also heightened if the online space affords the user anonymity.
Uses and Gratification Theory was in the reading and is the theory that explains that people use social media to meet certain goals.
True this is found on page 7.
Most CSPs in medical school focus on basic communications skills.
True, Page 4.
True or False: CS interventions tend to focus on particular specialties or health issues, such as developing skills in motivational interviewing to promote smoking cessation.
True, but CS education is often delivered through curricula across multiple years of medical or nursing education or through continuing professional education.
True or False that the idea behind Cultivation Theory is the more we watch TV, the more our view of the world becomes similar to what we see on TV
True, page 2 Under Cultivation Theory
Uses and Gratifications Theory is about the motivation to use social media because we know we will get something out of using it that meets our individual goals. True or False?
True. Uses and Gratifications Theory or UGT is a theory that explains why people in general choose to use social media. In its simplest term, we are motivated to use social media because we hope it benefits us in one way or the other. This includes using social media for fun(entertainment), pass time or to be informed.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of social media addiction? -Keeping a lock on social media when you need to study for an exam -Devoting so much time and effort to social media that it impairs other areas of your life -Being overly concerned about social media -Being driven by an uncontrollable urge to log onto social media
a. Keeping a lock on social media when you need to study for an exam - p. 15, para. 4. Social media addiction can be characterized by many things, including answers b, c, and d. If a person has the self-control to put (and keep) a lock on their social media accounts to study, it shows that they are able to limit their social media use when necessary. Therefore, it is not considered a social media addiction, as they are able to control their urges to log on.
When writing a news package, Eileen must decide what to include and exclude in her story, shaping the media outlets stance on the subject. What theory does this fall under? cultivation theory bystander theory agenda-setting theory
agenda-setting theory
multiple choice: What theory or model is characterized by our susceptibility to believe in the stories or facts shown on TV? -agenda setting theory -framing theory -cultivation theory -stigma communication model
answer: The answer is cultivation theory. This is because watching TV has become a lifestyle for some people. They have to keep up with their shows or watch the 5 o'clock news every day. This proves how addicted we can become to what is shown on TV.
true/false: Fatalistic beliefs are usually focused on positive outcomes and are ones that have the ability to be changed.
answer: This is false because we know that people who have fatalistic beliefs believe that there is nothing you can do about certain outcomes. They think that almost everything is out of our control because it is predetermined.
Facial expressions are an example of visual communication.
b. False - p. 2, para. 5-6. Still or moving images being used to communicate meaning are an example of visual communication. Facial expressions and nonverbal communication are an example of nonverbal communication.
Recommending a doctor you know to a friend is an example of: Informational support Tangible support Esteem support Network support
d. Network support - p. 11, para. 3. Social support comes in many forms, including emotional support and the four listed above. Recommending a doctor you know to a friend is an example of network support, as you are connecting people within your network.
People are more willing to disclose certain opinions within an online presence as opposed to "real life" conversations.
he answer is True, according to page #7 and the Online Disinhibition Effect, people are more likely to engage in sensitive topics online (and especially so with an anonymous presence), because they feel safer from judgement and stigmatism. In an online presence, people are less likely to feel immediate embarrassment, which would be more likely in a personal conversation.
Marissa is often accused of being promiscuous because she identifies as polyamorous. What is she experiencing? guilt embarrassment stigma
stigma
Being socially spoiled as a result of your identity is an example of stigma. true false
true
Two news stations cover the same story. One makes the subject out to be positive, and the other negative. Is this an example of framing? true false
true
