Health Psych Final
Unlike anxiety and denial, depression A. may be a long-term reaction to chronic illness. B. is at a steady state during the course of chronic illness. C. is the first response to chronic illness. D. may be intermittent and unrelenting
A. may be a long-term reaction to chronic illness.
Significant gains in the quality of life would best be achieved by reorienting the focus of health promotion toward A. reducing the period of morbidity. B. delaying mortality. C. early identification of risk factors. D. All of these
A. reducing the period of morbidity.
According to critics, Kübler-Ross's theory fails to acknowledge the frequency with which dying patients experience A. anxiety. B. enhanced perceptions of control. C. depression. D. social support
A. Anxiety
Risk of heart disease ____________ following menopause for women. A. increases. B. decreases. C. disappears. D. remains the same
A. Increases
______________ are the most common drug treatment for reducing the incidence of death, heart attack, and stroke. A. Statins B. Diuretics C. Beta-blockers D. Vitamins
A. Statins
Cynical hostility is characterized by A. suspiciousness. B. little resentment. C. infrequent angry episodes. D. trust in others.
A. Suspiciousness
Denial is useful in helping patients A. control their emotional reaction to illness. B. monitor their physical condition. C. seek treatment. D. become active in their treatment regimen
A. control their emotional reaction to illness
Therapy with the dying differs from traditional psychotherapy in that it is likely to
A. depend on the energy level of the patient.
Therapy with the dying differs from traditional psychotherapy in that it is likely to A. depend on the energy level of the patient.
A. depend on the energy level of the patient.
According to the text, one important contributing factor to midlife crisis is the A. gradual realization of impending death. B. growing awareness that one's risk factors for chronic illness are increasing. C cultural emphasis placed on youth. D. declining importance middle-aged adults place on their work
A. gradual realization of impending death
Unlike anxiety and denial, depression A. may be a long-term reaction to chronic illness. B. is at a steady state during the course of chronic illness. C. is the first response to chronic illness. D. may be intermittent and unrelenting
A. may be a long-term reaction to chronic illness
Refocusing health promotion strategies toward morbidity A. should reduce health care costs. B. will not enhance quality of life. C. is unnecessary because there will always be 10 top causes of death. D. is not a productive move
A. should reduce health care costs
You want to become a health psychologist conducting research on the lifestyle choices that impact management of Type II Diabetes. To what kind of graduate program should you apply? A. social psychology B. clinical psychology C. physiological psychology D. developmental psychology
A. social psychology
As a patient's prognosis worsens, interpersonal communications often deteriorate. The reasons for this breakdown are generally due to A. the belief that others do not want to talk about death. B. long-term communication problems in the family. C. indifference among medical staff members. D. All of these.
A. the belief that others do not want to talk about death
As a patient's prognosis worsens, interpersonal communications often deteriorate. The reasons for this breakdown are generally due to A. the belief that others do not want to talk about death. B. long-term communication problems in the family. C. indifference among medical staff members. D. All of these
A. the belief that others do not want to talk about death
According to research cited in your text, the relationship between greater physiological and psychological reactivity in conflictive situations, i.e., cynical hostility, and heart disease MAY NOT be due to A. the inflammatory processes represented by the level of C-reactive protein in the bloodstream. B. changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity. C. increased lipids in the bloodstream due to sympathetic activation. D. vasorestriction in peripheral areas of the heart
A. the inflammatory processes represented by the level of C-reactive protein in the bloodstream
Patients are LESS likely to turn to alternative treatments when they are satisfied A. with the interpersonal aspects of their medical care. B. with the technical aspects of their medical care. C. that the costs of medical care can be borne by their families. D. that there is still something more the medical establishment can do for their condition
A. with the interpersonal aspects of their medical care
People who are both hostile and _______________ show the greatest association between cardiovascular responses and CHD. A. suspicious B. angry C. defensive D. Type A People who are both hostile and _______________ show the greatest association between cardiovascular responses and CHD. A. suspicious B. angry C. defensive D. Type A
B. Angry
10. Which of the following has NOT been found to be associated with delay before seeking treatment for myocardial infarction? A. interpretation of symptoms as mild disorders B. being young and white C. history of angina or diabetes D. experiencing an attack during the daytime
B. Being young and white
According to Kübler-Ross, the dying patient who is coming to terms with his or her lack of control is experiencing A. denial. B. depression. C. bargaining. D. acceptance
B. Depression
Up to _______________ of all medical inpatients with chronic disease suffer from severe depression. A. one quarter B. one third C. one half D. one hundred percent
B. One third
Poor adjustment for parents of children who have died from SIDS is associated with A.maternal smoking. B.self-blame. C.socioeconomic status. D.All of these
B. Self-blame
Walt's parents have explained to him that his grandmother has died. He keeps asking them questionsabout her death, where she is, and when he can see her. Walt is most likely A.four years old. B.six years old. C.nine years old. D.12 years old
B. Six years old
12. The time between progression from HIV+ status to a diagnosis of AIDS is most strongly influenced by A. individual differences. B. socioeconomic factors. C. sexual orientation. D. ethnicity
B. Socioeconomic factors
A living will outlines A. a patient's wishes to undergo euthanasia. B. a patient's request that extraordinary life-sustaining procedures not be used. C. the conditions under which a patient requests to remain alive. D. the disposition of one's belongings after death
B. a patient's request that extraordinary life-sustaining procedures not be used.
Women A. live on average five years longer than men. B. are sick more often than men. C. are decreasing their use of health-compromising substances. D. All of these
B. are sick more often than men.
Early drug prevention programs, such as DARE, are an example of A. cost containment. B. behavioral immunization. C. cost effectiveness. D. patient consumerism
B. behavioral immunization
Stress management programs are increasingly incorporated into physical treatment regimens due to the debilitating effects of stress on A. psychosocial adjustment. B. chronic diseases. C. coping strategies. D. None of these
B. chronic diseases
2. Women A. show greater increases in cardiovascular neuroendocrine and some metabolic responses in response to stress than do men. B. experience an increased risk of cardiovascular disease after menopause. C. develop CHD on the average about 15 years earlier than do men. D. seem to be protected at young ages against CHD due to their lower levels of HDL cholesterol
B. experience an increased risk of cardiovascular disease after menopause.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the numbers of AIDS cases are growing fastest among A. ethnic minorities. B. gay men. C. minority women. D. IV drug users
C. Minority women
An important time (or teachable moment) to provide AIDS education is A. in elementary school before sexual activity begins. B. following the death of a partner, particularly for men. C. when a man has been dating his partner for six weeks. D. None of these.
B. following the death of a partner, particularly for men.
. The personality quality "agency" is associated with ______________, whereas "communion" is associated with ______________. A. good physical and mental health outcomes; reduced psychological stress B. good physical and mental health outcomes; few relations to physical and mental health outcomes C. few relations to physical and mental health outcomes; good physical and mental health outcomes
B. good physical and mental health outcomes; few relations to physical and mental health outcomes
Which of the following is NOT cited by your text as one of the factors that contribute to women's lower mortality rates? A. biological fitness B. health beliefs C. fewer risky behaviors D. social support
B. health beliefs
Denial may serve a protective function A. before the patient seeks medical treatment. B. in the acute phase of the illness. C. when patients must play an active role in the treatment regimen. D. during the rehabilitative phase of the illness
B. in the acute phase of the illness.
James works with patients injured in motorcycle accidents. He helps patients who are emotionally and mentally disabled regain physical, mental, or emotional stability. Sometimes he teaches painting, weaving, or other crafts. He is a A. massage therapist. B. occupational therapist. C. physical therapist. D. dietitian
B. occupational therapist
Up to _______________ of all medical inpatients with chronic disease suffer from severe depression. A. one quarter B. one third C. one half D. one hundred percent
B. one third
. A review of 27 published studies that provided HIV counseling and testing information found this type of education was an effective means of A. primary prevention for HIV+ individuals. B. reduced behaviors that might infect others. C. primary prevention for uninfected participants. D. All of these
B. reduced behaviors that might infect others
The Patient Self-Determination Act A. applies only to hospice patients. B. requires Medicare and Medicaid facilities to have documented policies concerning patients' wishes for life-prolonging therapy. C. has legalized passive euthanasia. D. is opposed by most Americans
B. requires Medicare and Medicaid facilities to have documented policies concerning patients' wishes for life-prolonging therapy.
The stable set of beliefs about one's qualities and abilities is A. self-esteem. B. self-concept. C. self-image. D. self-evaluation
B. self-concept.
The main cause of premature death in adulthood is sudden death due to A. accidents. B. stroke or heart attack. C. AIDS. D. homicide.
B. stroke or heart attack.
Cognitive-behavioral interventions program that work with other populations may not work as well with IV drug users because A. their peer group has too much influence. B. they may lack good impulse control. C. methadone programs don't work with them. D. needle exchange programs are ineffective
B. they may lack good impulse control.
Beta-blockers are used in cardiac rehabilitation A. to activate the parasympathetic nervous system. B. to resist the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation. C. to control the pain of angina pectoris. D. when behavioral stress management interventions fail
B. to resist the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation
11. Beta-blockers are used in cardiac rehabilitation A. to activate the parasympathetic nervous system. B. to resist the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation. C. to control the pain of angina pectoris. D. when behavioral stress management interventions fail.
B. to resist the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
In the first year of life, the main causes of death are A.acute illness and SIDS. B.SIDS and congenital abnormalities. C.accidents and congenital abnormalities D.cancer
B.SIDS and congenital abnormalities.
After infancy, the main cause of death among children younger than age 15 is A.acute illness. B.SIDS. C.accidents. D.cancer, especially leukemia.
C. Accidents
Children typically do not attain an adult understanding of death until A.roughly the age of five. B.between the ages of five and nine. C.between the ages of nine and 10 D. Adolescence
C. Between the ages of 9 and 10
7. Depression may be a risk factor for CHD due to its relationship with A. C-reactive protein. B. the metabolic syndrome. C. Both choices are correct. D. Neither choice is correct
C. Both choices are correct.
The death rate among middle-aged adults has declined largely because of a 60 percent drop in A. stroke. B. heart disease. C. cancers. D. All of these.
C. Cancers
Lazarus (1983) argues that _______________ early on in adjustment to life-threatening illness is both normal and useful. A. anxiety B. bargaining C. denial D. anger
C. Denial
13. The most promising development in the treatment of AIDS is A. an HIV vaccine. B. AZT. C. HAART. D. DDI.
C. HAART
Which of the following is NOT a predictor of depression among chronically ill patients? A. lack of social support B. chronic pain C. marital status D. becoming disabled
C. Marital status
__________ refers to chronically searching the environment for potential threat. A. Rumination B. Due diligence C. Vigilant coping D. Type-A behavior
C. Vigilant coping
Health promotion programs that target the elderly A. are a waste of money because health habits are established early in life. B. are important right now, but they will become less important as the size of the elderly cohort declines over the next 10 years. C. will become increasingly important as the size of the elderly cohort continues to increase over the next 10 years. D. will become less important because the elderly cohort is exceptionally healthy and active
C. Will become increasingly important as the size of the elderly cohort continues to increase over the next 10 years
Emotional and social withdrawal in terminally ill patients is A. successfully treated with antidepressants. B. always due to anticipatory grieving. C. an expected and common occurrence D. All of the above
C. an expected and common occurrence
Kübler-Ross's theory of death and dying A. accurately identifies the stages of the dying process. B. acknowledges the importance of death-related anxiety. C. broke the taboo surrounding death. D. All of these
C. broke the taboo surrounding death.
According to studies of recovery from coronary heart disease, social support A. was most effective when it was provided by the spouse rather than a confidante. B. became increasingly effective over time as the patient's recovery progressed. C. can become a problem for some patients if not give in a careful way
C. can become a problem for some patients if not give in a careful way
Improvements in the technology of pain control have led to A. increased use of improved pharmacological pain-control techniques. B. a shift in the responsibility for pain control from the practitioner to the patient. C. increased acceptance of co-management of pain by the practitioner and the patient. D. state-of-the-art treatments for chronic pain becoming increasingly available at local clinics and hospitals.
C. increased acceptance of co-management of pain by the practitioner and the patient
19. Condom use among adolescents A. appears to be decreasing. B. is independent of other behavioral problems such as drug and alcohol use. C. is related to social norms and favorable attitudes to condom use. D. does not respond to psychosocial interventions
C. is related to social norms and favorable attitudes to condom use
James works with patients injured in motorcycle accidents. He helps them learn to use adaptive devices in order to perform tasks. He often uses heat and massage to relieve pain and improve muscle function. He is a A. massage therapist. B. occupational therapist. C. physical therapist. D. dietitian
C. physical therapist
Individuals who are high in hostility A. have chronically higher blood pressure. B. show more pronounced heart rate reactivity to laboratory stressors. C. show more pronounced physiological reactions in response to interpersonal stressors. D. All of these
C. show more pronounced physiological reactions in response to interpersonal stressors.
The most significant change in American health care that has implications for health psychology is A. the expense of high technology. B. trends in physician education. C. the rapid growth of prepaid, colleague-centered service. D. patient consumerism
C. the rapid growth of prepaid, colleague-centered service
Most health psychologists work in A. private practice. B. hospitals and clinics. C. universities and other academic settings. D. governmental agencies
C. universities and other academic settings
Death in the elderly is A. more likely to be sudden. B. less likely to be caused by degenerative diseases. C. usually accompanied by a shorter terminal phase. D. usually protracted because there is often more than one biological competitor for death.
C. usually accompanied by a shorter terminal phase.
Of the following situations, patient anxiety would be highest A. after the physician had explained the diagnosis and treatment regimen. B. after the patient has received a test result. C. while the patient is awaiting a new and promising, but invasive, medical procedure. D. while the patient is experiencing the side effects of a familiar medical procedure.
C. while the patient is awaiting a new and promising, but invasive, medical procedure.
1. _______________ of women will die from a first heart attack, as opposed to _______________ of men. A. 30 percent; 50 percent B. 25 percent; 75 percent C. 40 percent; 40 percent D. 50 percent; 0 percent
D. 50 percent; 30 percent
15. Who is most likely to disclose HIV status? A. Someone with high self-efficacy. B. People with a strong support network. C. Those more likely to wear a condom during intercourse. D. All of these
D. All of these
Cardiac rehabilitation programs involve A. exercise. B. smoking cessation. C. reduced alcohol consumption. D. All of these
D. All of these
Denial A. is a defense mechanism that allows the patient to avoid the immediate implications of an illness. B. may help the patient control her or his emotional reaction. C. is a common reaction to chronic illness. D. All of these
D. All of these
Future programs targeting the management of chronic illness must incorporate A. cost-effective interventions to improve quality of life. B. assessment of needs in all domains of life during the acute period of illness. C. regular needs assessment over the long term to identify potential problems. D. All of these
D. All of these
Higher levels of hostility have been found among A. men. B. non-whites. C. people low in socioeconomic status (SES). D. All of these
D. All of these
Hostility has been traced to A. an oppositional orientation toward others. B. child-rearing patterns characterized by interference and punitiveness. C. family environments that are nonsupportive and high in conflict. D. All of these
D. All of these
Immediately after a chronic illness is diagnosed, A. patients are in a state of crisis. B. patients find their habitual ways of coping with problems do not work. C. anxiety, fear, and depression often take over. D. All of these
D. All of these
In the future, health promotion interventions will most likely target the A. schools. B. community. C. workplace. D. All of these
D. All of these
Perceptions of self-efficacy have been related to A. frequency of condom use. B. number of sexual partners. C. number of anonymous sexual partners. D. All of these
D. All of these
The current trend toward cost containment pushes health psychology in the direction of research questions designed to A. develop interventions that are time-limited, symptom-focused, and offered as outpatient services. B. keep patients out of the health care system. C. lower the costs of providing health care services. D. All of these
D. All of these
The depressed terminally ill patient may be A. coming to terms with a lack of control. B. experiencing anticipatory grief. C. experiencing an expected transitory psychological state which may not require intervention. D. All of these
D. All of these
The infant mortality rate in the United States A. Is higher than in most Western European countries. B.is twice as high for black infants as for white infants. C.may be associated with inequities in access to health care D. All of these
D. All of these
Which of the following is important to include in a comprehensive rehabilitation program? A. exercise. B. stress management. C. training in adaptive devices. D. All of these
D. All of these
_________________ is a functional somatic disorder. A. Irritable bowel syndrome B. Gulf War syndrome C. Chronic fatigue syndrome D. All of these
D. All of these
High levels of anxiety have been found among patients who are A. anticipating noxious therapies. B. expecting substantial lifestyle changes to result from illness or treatment. C. lacking information about their illness and treatment. D. All of these are true
D. All of these are true
High levels of anxiety have been found among patients who are A. anticipating noxious therapies. B. expecting substantial lifestyle changes to result from illness or treatment. C. lacking information about their illness and treatment. D. All of these are true.
D. All of these are true
Which of the following is NOT one of the problematic issues surrounding euthanasia and assisted suicide cited in your text? A. inequity of access to life-sustaining medical technologies B. lack of guidelines regarding cost-effectiveness and appropriateness of use C. lack of consensus on the appropriate roles of the individual and health care practitioners D. All of these choices are mentioned
D. All of these choices are mentioned
According to Kübler-Ross, the dying patient who asks "why me?" is experiencing A. anxiety. B. bargaining. C. denial. D. anger
D. Anger
__________ remains an underdiagnosed and untreated contributor to CHD morbidity and mortality. A. High cholesterol. B. Hostility. C. Genetics. D. Depression.
D. Depression
_____________ medicine is the conscientious, explicit, judicious use of the best scientific evidence for making decisions about the care of individual patients. A. Treatment-effective B. Cost containment C. Cost effective D. Evidence-based
D. Evidence-based
According to the research cited in your text, which of the following patients would be expected to be better adjusted and most successful in coping with AIDS? A . Paul, who is confident that the medical personnel who staff his experimental treatment program are outstanding in the field and his best chance for survival B. Mary, who contracted AIDS through a transfusion and feels that she has no personal control over the disease C . Tom, who has turned to alternatives to traditional medicine and feels that his holistic practitioner can best arrest the progression of the disorder D. John, who feels that he can control the disease and its symptoms and has taken personal responsibility for its treatment
D. John, who feels that he can control the disease and its symptoms and has taken personal responsibility for its treatment
Long-term denial of impending death A. is a typical reaction. B. is functional in coping with anxiety. C. does not require psychological intervention. D. None of these
D. None of these
Health care in the United States is becoming A. increasingly egalitarian. B. more accessible to the poor, but the number of middle-class households without health insurance is increasing. C. increasingly oriented toward health promotion and primary prevention. D. a two-tiered system
D. a two-tiered system.
Disease-related anxiety may _______________ over time, while anxiety related to the consequences of the disease may _______________ over time. A. decrease; decrease B. increase; increase C. increase; decrease D. decrease; increase
D. decrease; increase
The correct order of Kübler-Ross's stages of adjustment to dying is A. depression, anger, bargaining, denial, acceptance. B. denial, anger, bargaining, acceptance, depression. C. denial, bargaining, anger, depression, acceptance. D. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
D. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Adherence to treatment regimens in chronically ill patients is A. significantly higher than in patients being treated for acute disorders. B. significantly lower than in patients being treated for acute disorders. C. unaffected by the side effects of treatment. D. especially problematic in complex and long-term treatment regimens
D. especially problematic in complex and long-term treatment regimens
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors found to predict mortality in the elderly age group? A. distant family relationships B. depression C. reduced life satisfaction D. hardiness
D. hardiness
According to the text, over the past 25 years Americans' alcohol consumption has _______________ and exercise has _______________. A. decreased; increased B. increased; decreased C. remained unchanged; decreased D. remained unchanged; increased
D. remained unchanged; increased
To date, research has yet to establish the effectiveness of behavioral immunization programs that address health habits such as smoking, drug abuse, and diet. True or false
False
Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic problems facing the health care system in the United States? A. Health care costs too much. B. The system is inequitable. C. Third-party providers have failed to act responsibly. D. Many consumers make inappropriate use of the system
Third-party providers have failed to act responsibly
Although some of the racial difference in health stems from differences in socioeconomic status, some is due to the stresses of racism. True or false
True
Americans have made substantial gains in changing poor health habits, including reduced consumption of high-cholesterol, high-fat foods. True or False
True
