Health, Wellness, and Illness

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for a clear liquid diet. The client asks the nurse, "How long will I have to be on this type of diet?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A) "You will be on this diet as long as the provider feels you need to be." B) "You might be on this diet for a week or two." C) "You should not be on this diet for more than a few days." D) "You should speak with the provider about your concern."

C) "You should not be on this diet for more than a few days." The nurse should identify that a clear liquid diet should be limited to a few days because this type of diet has inadequate nutritional value.

A nurse is assisting in recommending clients for chiropractic treatment. Which of the following clients should the nurse recommend? A) A client who has a sinus infection B) A client who has shoulder pain C) A client who has appendicitis D) A client who has heart failure

B) A client who has shoulder pain The nurse should recommend the client who has shoulder pain for chiropractic treatment because this client could benefit from manual therapy and spinal manipulation.

A nurse is teaching a client about the international Self-Care Foundation's seven pillars of self-care. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A) "I will perform moderate exercise several times each week." B) "I will wash my hands for 10 seconds before I eat." C) "I will increase my dietary intake of simple sugars." D) "I will limit my sun exposure to 1 hour in the middle of the day."

A) "I will perform moderate exercise several times each week." Physical activity is the third pillar of self-care. The client should perform moderate to intense exercise several times each week to reduce stress, control weight, and reduce the risk for diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

The nurse is participating at a health fair at the local mall giving influenza vaccinations to senior citizens. What level of prevention is the nurse practicing? A. Primary Prevention B. Secondary Prevention C. Tertiary Prevention D. Quaternary Prevention

A. Primary Prevention

A nurse is planning an educational session about human growth and development for a group of clients who are pregnant. Which of the following universal principles should the nurse include in the discussion? (Select all that apply) A) Cephalocaudal principle B) Equifinality principle C) Simple to complex D) Continuous process E) Individualized rates

A) Cephalocaudal principle C) Simple to complex D) Continuous process E) Individualized rates

A nurse is caring for a client who states, "I feel like I don't have to eat a varied diet when I take my multivitamin." Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A) "If taken four or more days a week, a multivitamin provides all the nutrients you need." B) "As long as you take a multivitamin daily, you do not need to eat a varied diet each day." C) "A multivitamin should not be used in place of a nutritious diet." D) "As long as the multivitamin isn't generic, it can replace unhealthy dietary choices."

C) "A multivitamin should not be used in place of a nutritious diet." The nurse should tell the client that supplemental vitamins should not be used as a substitute for a nutritious diet. The client should eat a varied, nutritious diet daily even while taking a multivitamin.

A nurse works with four patients at an outpatient health center. Which of the patients most concerns the nurse? A) A 50 y/o Asian female who weighs 100lbs and is 5 feet in height. B) A 36 y/o African American male who has been trying to eat a healthier diet. C) A 50 y/o Caucasian male who has been weight-lifting at the gym two times per week. D) A 24 y/o Caucasian woman who enjoys swimming on a daily basis.

A) A 50 y/o Asian female who weighs 100lbs and is 5 feet in height. Although each of the above patients is healthy, the one who is most at risk for problems in the future is the post-menopausal Asian woman who has little bone mass. She is very susceptible to osteoporosis.

An occupational health nurse for a large corporation is planning programs to address health problems identified in the Healthy People 2020 report. Which programs should the nurse include for the company employees at the worksite? Select all that apply. A) A blood disorder and blood safety education program B) A seminar about the components of wellness C) A cultural competence program related to LGBT health D) An informational program about genomics E) An education program about the importance of sleep health

A) A blood disorder and blood safety education program B) A seminar about the components of wellness C) A cultural competence program related to LGBT health E) An education program about the importance of sleep health Healthy People 2020 identifies a variety of programs that can be used to promote health at the worksite. Specific programs should address components that may affect work productivity, safety, and cohesion among workers, and may include blood disorders, wellness, LGBT health, and sleep health, among many others. Information about genomics is not relevant to the worksite.

A nurse is preparing a workshop on the topics that are new to Healthy People 2020. Which of the topic areas should the nurse plan to address? Select all that apply. A) Adolescent Health B) Genomics C) Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health D) Mental Health and Mental Disorders E) Healthcare-Associated Infections

A) Adolescent Health B) Genomics C) Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health A) Adolescent Health B) Genomics C) Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Healthy People 2020 is organized into 42 topic areas with nearly 600 objectives to improve health. Thirteen of these topics are new for Healthy People 2020. These topic areas include: Adolescent Health; Genomics; Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health; and Healthcare-Associated Infections.

A nurse is assisting with teaching a client about homeopathy. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A) "Homeopathy uses traditional Chinese medicine to treat diseases." B) "Homeopathy uses imagery to promote wellness." C) "Homeopathy uses incantations to treat diseases." D) "Homeopathy believes a substance that can cause a disease can also cure it."

D) "Homeopathy believes a substance that can cause a disease can also cure it." Homeopathy is a medical approach that believes a substance that can cause a disease can also be used to cure the disease.

Many variables influence a patient's health beliefs and practices. Internal and external variables influence how a person thinks and acts. An example of an internal variable would be a. Perception of functioning. b. Family practices. c. Socioeconomic factors. d. Cultural background.

a. Perception of functioning. Internal variables include a person's developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, and emotional and spiritual factors. External variables influencing a person's health beliefs and practices include family practices, socioeconomic factors, and cultural background.

A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed a low glycemic index diet. The client states, "I don't understand what this means." Which of the following responses should the nurse make? (Select all that apply) A) "The glycemic index of a food relates to its ability to increase the blood glucose level." B) "You should eat foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables." C) "Consuming white bread will increase your blood glucose level slowly." D) "Try to limit or avoid potatoes due to their high glycemic index." E) "Foods with a high glycemic index will cause your blood glucose to increase rapidly."

A) "The glycemic index of a food relates to its ability to increase the blood glucose level." B) "You should eat foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables." D) "Try to limit or avoid potatoes due to their high glycemic index." E) "Foods with a high glycemic index will cause your blood glucose to increase rapidly."

A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for an emergency appendectomy and reports increasing anxiety. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to implement a complementary health strategy? A) "Try to take slow, deep breaths in and out." B) "Would you like a prescription for an anti-anxiety medication?" C) "Why are you feeling anxious?" D) "You'll have that appendix out in no time, then you'll feel better."

A) "Try to take slow, deep breaths in and out." Deep breathing is a complementary health strategy that uses mind and body therapy to decrease anxiety and reduce stress. This is a non-pharmacological therapy that can relieve the client's anxiety.

A home health nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has hypertension and is living alone. Which of the following health promotion topics should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? (Select all that apply) A) Maintaining functional capacity B) Encouraging the use of free-weight exercises C) Participating in social functions D) Installing grab bars in the shower E) Preparing for age-related diminished cognition

A) Maintaining functional capacity B) Encouraging the use of free-weight exercises C) Participating in social functions D) Installing grab bars in the shower

A nurse is planning complementary therapy for a client who has breast cancer. Which of the following treatments is a complementary therapy that the nurse can implement? A) Massage therapy B) Chemotherapy C) Teletherapy D) Brachytherapy

A) Massage therapy Massage is a complementary therapy that uses a hands-on technique to decrease muscle pain, headaches, discomfort, and mental conditions such as anxiety or depression. Massage can be used in conjunction with other complementary therapies to decrease pain and promote relaxation. The nurse should take precautions in clients who have a low platelet count, because rigorous massage therapy can result in bruising and bleeding.

For a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the nurse may provide health promotion teaching about what other major health concept? A) Safety B) Elimination C) Immunity D) Development

A) Safety COPD often develops as a result of years of smoking, and one common therapy is oxygen administration. The combination of smoking and oxygen increases the client's risk for safety related to fire hazards.

A nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following topics should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply) A) Weight management B) Low-protein diet C) Glucose testing D) Daily exercise E) Foot care

A) Weight management C) Glucose testing D) Daily exercise E) Foot care

A nurse is preparing to assist with feeding a client who is at risk for aspiration. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A) Position the client upright at a 45° angle. B) Turn on the television per the client's request. C) Avoid allowing the client to drink until meal is finished. D) Cut the client's food into small bites.

D) Cut the client's food into small bites. To prevent aspiration, the nurse should cut food into small bites.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving palliative care. Which of the following non-pharmacological nursing interventions should the nurse provide the client? A) Acupuncture B) Acupressure C) Chiropractic therapy D) Therapeutic touch

D) Therapeutic touch The nurse should provide therapeutic touch for the client to decrease pain, relieve anxiety, and promote relaxation.

Models of health offer a perspective by which to understand the relationships between the concepts of health, wellness, and illness. Nurses are in a unique position to assist patients in achieving and maintaining optimal levels of health because nurses (Select all that apply.) a. Understand the challenges of today's health care system. b. Identify actual and potential risk factors. c. Have coined the term "illness behavior." d. Can minimize the effects of illness and assist to the return of optimal health

a. Understand the challenges of today's health care system. b. Identify actual and potential risk factors. d. Can minimize the effects of illness and assist to the return of optimal health Nurses are in a unique position to assist patients in achieving and maintaining optimal levels of health. Nurses understand the challenges of today's health care system and embrace the opportunity to use wellness activities to promote health and wellness and to prevent illness. Nurses can identify actual and potential risk factors that predispose a person or group to illness. Nurses who understand how patients react to illness can minimize the effects of illness and assist patients and their families in maintaining or returning to the highest level of functioning. Medical sociologists call the reaction to illness "illness behavior."

Risk factors can be placed in the following interrelated categories: genetic and physiological factors, age, physical environment, and lifestyle. The presence of any of these risk factors means that a. A person with the risk factor will get the disease. b. The chances of getting the disease are increased. c. The disease is guaranteed not to develop if the risk factor is controlled. d. Risk modification will have no effect on disease prevention.

b. The chances of getting the disease are increased. The presence of risk factors does not mean that a disease will develop, but risk factors increase the chances that the individual will experience a particular disease or dysfunction. Control of risk factors does not guarantee that a disease will not develop. However, risk factor identification assists patients in visualizing those areas in life that can be modified or even eliminated to promote wellness and prevent illness.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a high phosphorous level. Which of the following instructions regarding food should the nurse provide? A) "You should eat white bread." B) "You can drink 2 cups of milk per day." C) "You should limit broccoli to 3 cups per week." D) "You can have four servings of oatmeal per week."

A) "You should eat white bread." The nurse should instruct the client to eat white bread instead whole-grain bread. Whole grains are high in phosphorus.

To increase quality and years of healthy life, Healthy People 2020 focuses on four areas. One of those areas is a. Allowing people to continue current behaviors to reduce the stress of change. b. Focusing only on individual health changes that will lead to better communities. c. Creating social and physical environments that promote good health. d. Focusing on illness treatment to provide fast recuperation.

c. Creating social and physical environments that promote good health. Healthy People 2020 includes four goals, one of which is to create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.

The nurse is providing teaching related to health promotion for a group of older adults. Several individuals describe their current health status. Which client is most in need of additional information related to health promotion? A) A client who states that her daughter takes her to all of her medical appointments B) A client who states she was recently diagnosed with Parkinson disease C) A client who states that she walks five times a week at the community center to help prevent osteoporosis D) A client who states that her husband has been suffering from hypertension for the past 12 years

B) A client who states she was recently diagnosed with Parkinson disease Although all clients, regardless of age and health status, can benefit from teaching about health promotion, individuals who have recently been diagnosed with a chronic illness, such as Parkinson disease, will require additional teaching related to health promotion that is specific to their condition.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a sunburn. The nurse should identify that which of the following herbal supplements is used to treat sunburns? A) Green tea B) Aloe vera C) Lavender D) Milk thistle

B) Aloe vera The nurse should identify that aloe vera can be applied topically to skin to treat a sunburn.

After conducting a physical assessment for an adult client, the nurse discusses the assessment with a coworker and states that the client's beliefs and actions regarding common health practices are unfamiliar to her. Based on this data, which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? A) Repeat the assessment later in the day. B) Determine the culture with which the client identifies. C) Write a nursing diagnosis to address the unfamiliar beliefs and actions. D) Communicate the findings to the healthcare team.

B) Determine the culture with which the client identifies. A thorough assessment that includes assessment of cultural beliefs and practices is needed before proceeding with other steps of the nursing process.

A nurse is preparing an educational session about school-age children to a group of caregivers. Which of the following characteristics should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply) A) Attributes feelings and motives to objects B) Egocentrism decreases C) Begins to understand reversibility D) Understands events can be interpreted in different ways E) Deductive reasoning develops

B) Egocentrism decreases C) Begins to understand reversibility D) Understands events can be interpreted in different ways

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for an antihypertensive medication. The nurse should identify that antihypertensive medications are used for which of the following types of prevention? A) Secondary prevention B) Tertiary prevention C) Primary prevention D) Quaternary prevention

B) Tertiary prevention Tertiary prevention is the effort to control a health issue that has already occurred by slowing the spread or decreasing the effect of the health issue. Tertiary prevention interventions include education about disease management, support groups, and rehabilitative interventions, such as physical and occupational therapy.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for parenteral nutrition. The client states, "I am scared that I will be on this therapy for the rest of my life." Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A) "There is a good chance you will have to be on this therapy for the rest of your life." B) "Parenteral nutrition is very common and should not interfere with your daily activities." C) "This type of nutrition can be lifelong, but it can also be temporary depending on how your nutritional needs change." D) "I am sure you will need parenteral nutrition temporarily."

C) "This type of nutrition can be lifelong, but it can also be temporary depending on how your nutritional needs change." This response gives the client objective information without false reassurance.

A nurse is assisting a massage therapist to identify the best client for massage therapy. Which of the following clients should the nurse recommend? A) A client who is receiving anticoagulants following a mitral valve replacement B) An older adult client who has osteoporosis C) A client who has postpartum depression D) A client who has a thrombophlebitis

C) A client who has postpartum depression The nurse should recommend the client who has postpartum depression because this client ihas the lowest risk for an adverse effect from a massage. Massage therapy can relax the mind, reduce anxiety and depression, and relieve pain.

A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about health literacy. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A) The client's signature on the discharge instructions ensures they understood the instructions. B) Clients who can read and write demonstrate health literacy. C) A client's comprehension of education can be affected by low health literacy. D) Health literacy affects only a small portion of clients who are cared for within the health care system.

C) A client's comprehension of education can be affected by low health literacy. Health literacy is the ability to process and comprehend basic health information, which is necessary for the client to make informed health care decisions. A low level of health literacy can negatively impact the effectiveness of health teaching.

A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about using holistic nursing interventions to care for clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A) Holistic nurses use herbal supplements because they do not cause adverse effects. B) The goal of holistic nursing is to cure a client's illness. C) Holistic nurses empower clients to actively participate in their own care. D) A holistic nurse discourages the use of prescribed medications for clients.

C) Holistic nurses empower clients to actively participate in their own care. Holistic nurses instruct clients to actively participate in the healing process by using therapeutic techniques to treat conditions such as anxiety and pain, and to promote relaxation.

A nurse is caring for a nondiabetic client who has a new prescription for a fasting blood glucose check. The nurse checks the client's blood glucose and it is 67 mg/dL. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next? A) Document the client's blood glucose level. B) Report the client's blood glucose level to the provider. C) Provide the client with a 15-g carbohydrate snack. D) Recheck the blood sugar in 15 min.

C) Provide the client with a 15-g carbohydrate snack. According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should first provide the client with a 15-g carbohydrate snack to help bring up their blood glucose level to the expected reference range. The client's glucose level is low, less than 70 mg/dL, which means the client is hypoglycemic.

A patient experienced a myocardial infarction four weeks ago and is currently participating in the daily cardiac rehabilitation sessions at the local fitness center. In what level of prevention is the patient participating? A. Primary Prevention B. Secondary Prevention C. Tertiary Prevention D. Quaternary Prevention

C. Tertiary Prevention

The patient has been overweight for most of her life. She has tried dieting in the past and has lost weight, only to regain it when she stopped dieting. She is visiting the weight loss clinic/health club because she has decided to do it. She states that she will join right after the holidays, in 3 months. The nurse recognizes that the patient is in which stage of the change process? a. Precontemplation b. Contemplation c. Preparation d. Action

b. Contemplation These stages range from no intention to change (precontemplation), to considering a change within the next 6 months (contemplation), to making small changes (preparation), to actively engaging in strategies to change behavior (action), to maintaining a changed behavior (maintenance). This patient is planning to make the change within the next 6 months and is in the contemplation stage.

According to the World Health Organization, what is the best definition for "health"? a. Simply the absence of disease b. Involving the total person and environment c. Strictly personal in nature d. Status of pathological state

b. Involving the total person and environment Nurses' attitudes toward health and illness should consider the total person, as well as the environment in which the person lives. All people free of disease are not equally healthy. Views of health have broadened to include mental, social, and spiritual well-being, as well as a focus on health at family and community levels. Conditions of life, rather than pathological states, are what define health.

Just as health and health behavior are affected by internal and external variables, so are illness and illness behavior. Which external variables can affect illness and behavior? (Select all that apply.) a. Perception of the seriousness of the illness b. Patient's coping skills c. Cultural background d. Social support e. Socioeconomic status

c. Cultural background d. Social support e. Socioeconomic status External variables influencing a patient's illness behavior include the visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economic variables, accessibility of the health care system, and social support. Internal variables include the patient's perceptions of symptoms and the nature of the illness, as well as the patient's coping skills and locus of control.

The patient has quit smoking and has been smoke free for the past 2 years. Of the following stages, which best fits her current stage of change? a. Contemplation b. Preparation c. Action d. Maintenance

d. Maintenance These stages range from no intention to change (precontemplation), to considering a change within the next 6 months (contemplation), to making small changes (preparation), to actively engaging in strategies to change behavior (action), to maintaining a changed behavior (maintenance). Because she has been smoke free for 2 years, she is in the maintenance stage.

A nurse is caring for a client who asks about naturopathy. The nurse should include that which of the following is a component of naturopathy? (Select all that apply) A) Dietary supplements B) Exercise C) Establishing harmony between fire, water, air, earth, and sky D) Traditional Chinese medicine E) Homeopathy

A) Dietary supplements B) Exercise D) Traditional Chinese medicine E) Homeopathy Naturopathy is a medical system that is based on the principle that healing can be achieved through diet, supplements, medicinal plants, exercise, traditional Chinese medicine, and homeopathy.

A nurse is completing a preoperative health history for a client who reports taking several herbal supplements. Which of the following herbal supplements is the priority for the nurse to report? A) Ginkgo biloba B) Echinacea C) Valerian D) Aloe vera

A) Ginkgo biloba The greatest risk to this client is injury from bleeding. Therefore, the priority herbal supplement the nurse should report is the ginkgo biloba. The surgeon and the anesthesia provider should be notified prior to surgery to reduce the client's risk for bleeding.

A nurse is teaching a client about the benefits of a healthy diet and regular exercise to achieve weight loss. Which of the following topics is the nurse teaching to the client? A) Health promotion B) Disease prevention C) Nonmodifiable risk factors D) Tertiary prevention

A) Health promotion Teaching a client about improving their health through healthy diet and exercise is an example of health promotion. Health promotion involves encouraging clients to take steps to improve their overall health.

A nurse is caring for a client who reports having daily constipation. Which of the following information should the nurse provide to the client regarding fiber intake? (Select all that apply) A) Increasing daily fiber intake can help alleviate the issue of constipation. B) Eating more whole grains can promote regular bowel movements. C) Consume 10 g of fiber per day. D) Foods such as white rice increase fiber intake. E) Decreasing daily fiber intake can help alleviate digestive discomfort.

A) Increasing daily fiber intake can help alleviate the issue of constipation. B) Eating more whole grains can promote regular bowel movements.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to parents of a preschooler who was admitted due to a severe asthma exacerbation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply) A) Instruct on the use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). B) Have family members smoke tobacco products outside of the house. C) Make changes in the home environment to reduce dust mites. D) Share the plan for managing an asthma attack with the child's preschool teachers. E) Decrease fluid intake to prevent an exacerbation of asthma.

A) Instruct on the use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). B) Have family members smoke tobacco products outside of the house. C) Make changes in the home environment to reduce dust mites. D) Share the plan for managing an asthma attack with the child's preschool teachers.

A nurse is teaching a client about modifiable risk factors to their health. Which of the following should the nurse include as an example of a modifiable risk factor? A) Tobacco use B) Age C) Family history D) Race

A) Tobacco use Tobacco use is a modifiable risk factor because it is a behavior that affects client health that the client can change. Other modifiable risk factors include recreational drug use, alcohol consumption, excess body weight, insufficient physical activity, and poor diet.

A nurse is discussing macronutrients with a client. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A) "Macronutrients include vitamins and minerals, which your body needs a large amount of." B) "Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which make up the majority of a person's diet." C) "Macronutrients include carbohydrates and fats, which your body needs very little of." D) "While essential, macronutrients should be limited to weekly consumption."

B) "Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which make up the majority of a person's diet." Macronutrients are essential parts of a diet and include proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. These provide the body with energy to function and are the building blocks of the diet.

A nurse at a clinic is providing free blood pressure screenings for clients. Which of the following levels of health prevention is the nurse demonstrating? A) Tertiary prevention B) Secondary prevention C) Primary prevention D) Quaternary care

B) Secondary prevention The goal of secondary prevention is discovering disease processes before they progress. Secondary prevention measures include screening tests, such as a blood pressure measurement to detect hypertension, a mammography to detect breast cancer, or a Papanicolaou test to detect cervical cancer. Clients might be asymptomatic when screening is performed, but early detection and discussion of treatment allows valuable time to consider options.

A nurse is caring for a client who states, "I have been getting a lot of cavities lately, but I don't know what is causing them." Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A) "A lack of protein can cause a problem with cavities." B) "Cavities can be caused by a diet low in vitamin C." C) "Increasing your consumption of leafy green vegetables and tomatoes can help with this." D) "Drinking sugary beverages can make you prone to cavities."

D) "Drinking sugary beverages can make you prone to cavities." The nurse should instruct the client that consuming sugary beverages can lead to cavities, also known as dental caries.

The nurse conducts teaching for a client recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. At the conclusion of the session, which client statement indicates that teaching has been effective? A) "I will take medication for a week for this acute illness." B) "I will have to take insulin for this disease every day for the rest of my life." C) "This chronic disease will become worse and lead to death." D) "I will have to make dietary changes to manage this chronic disease."

D) "I will have to make dietary changes to manage this chronic disease." The client is aware that dietary changes will be needed to manage this chronic disease, indicating that the client understands the teaching the nurse provided.

The nurse is preparing a smoking cessation class and is amazed at how many people still smoke even with the information on lung cancer so readily available. She believes that her class will convert many smokers to nonsmokers once they get all the latest information. The nurse is a believer in which of the following health care models? a. Health Belief Model b. Health Promotion Model c. Basic Human Needs Model d. Holistic Health Model

a. Health Belief Model The Health Belief Model addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors. The Health Promotion Model is more complex than the Health Belief Model in that it notes that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent actions. The Basic Human Needs Model is based on the theory that all people share basic human needs, and the extent to which basic needs are met is a major factor in determining a person's level of health. The Holistic Health Model recognizes the natural healing abilities of the body and incorporates complementary and alternative interventions such as music therapy. Education is important but is not the sole determinant of change.

A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing digestive issues. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A) Nausea B) Abdominal pain C) Diarrhea D) Reports of bloating E) Reports of excessive salivation

A) Nausea B) Abdominal pain C) Diarrhea D) Reports of bloating

A nurse is explaining the practice of Ayurveda to a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should include that Ayurveda is based on establishing a balance between the body, mind, and spirit with which of the following elements? (Select all that apply) A) Earth B) Sky C) Darkness D) Light E) Water

A) Earth B) Sky E) Water The nurse should identify that Ayurveda is a medical system that is based on establishing balance between the body, mind, and spirit using fire, water, air, earth, and sky to cleanse the body of substances that can cause illnesses.

A nurse is teaching a client about food choices that promote immunity and healing. Which of the following foods is the best source of vitamin C? A) 1 cup grapes B) 1 cup strawberries C) 1 cup sliced apple D) 1 small banana

B) 1 cup strawberries The nurse should determine that strawberries are the best food source to recommend because 1 cup contains 84.7 mg of vitamin C.

For many clients, health promotion requires nursing assessment of and implementation of changes in A) culture. B) lifestyle. C) spiritual beliefs. D) socioeconomic status.

B) lifestyle. Health promotion involves nursing assessment of a client's lifestyle and implementation of needed changes to that lifestyle. Examples include assessing and implementing changes in habits related to smoking, diet, and exercise

A nurse is caring for a client during a prenatal visit. The client states, "Now that I'm pregnant, I drink wine with dinner. I've given up hard alcohol." Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A) "Avoiding alcohol, even wine, is advised during pregnancy since it can cause harm to your baby." B) "Since you've stopped drinking hard liquor, your baby will be fine." C) "You can drink two glasses of wine each day and not cause harm to your baby." D) "You should consume wine with food to minimize its effect on your baby."

A) "Avoiding alcohol, even wine, is advised during pregnancy since it can cause harm to your baby." Scientists have not yet determined if there is a safe amount of alcohol to drink during pregnancy. Therefore, clients who are pregnant are advised to abstain from drinking alcohol during pregnancy altogether.

A nurse is discussing the Healthy People initiative with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A) The program focuses on decreasing the occurrence of cancer in people. B) The program focuses upon issues related to global health. C) The program focuses on providing goals and data for improved public health. D) The program focuses on reducing the viruses acquired by people.

C) The program focuses on providing goals and data for improved public health. The Healthy People initiative is a program by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that is intended to improve the overall health of Americans. The Healthy People website includes data from past and current health trends in the U.S. as well as health goals and resources that can help achieve them.

The nurse is admitting a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. It is the fourth time the patient is being admitted in the last 6 months for high blood sugars. During the admission process, the nurse asks the patient about her employment status and displays a nonjudgmental attitude. Why does the nurse do this? a. Noncompliant patients thrive on the disapproval of authority figures. b. External variables have little effect on compliance. c. A person's compliance is affected by economic status. d. Employment status is an internal variable that impacts compliance.

c. A person's compliance is affected by economic status. A person's compliance with treatment is affected by economic status. A person tends to give a higher priority to food and shelter than to costly drugs or treatments.

A nurse is caring for a client who asks about using aromatherapy for nausea. Which of the following scents should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.) A) Ginseng B) Evening primrose C) Peppermint D) Ginger E) Orange

C) Peppermint D) Ginger E) Orange

A nurse is helping a client calculate how many net carbohydrates they consumed in their last meal. The client's food had a total of 72g of carbohydrates and 9g of fiber. How many net carbohydrates did the client consume? A) 81 B) 63 C) 8 D) 72

B) 63 To calculate net carbohydrates, use the following equation: Total Carbohydrates - (Fiber + Sugar Alcohols if applicable) = Net Carbohydrates. In this case, 72 g carbohydrates - 9 g fiber = 63 net carbohydrates.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to a client. Which of the following statements by the client demonstrates an understanding of the teaching? A) "I will take my blood pressure medication every morning." B) "I will have my heart rate checked once a month." C) "I will practice Tai Chi every day." D) "I will weigh myself weekly."

C) "I will practice Tai Chi every day." TCM uses herbal remedies, acupuncture, diet, and exercise, such as Tai Chi, to promote wellness and heal diseases.

During a wellness visit for a 4-year old preschooler, a parent explains that their child enjoys playing games on a computer and asks the nurse about an acceptable amount of screen time for their child. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A) "If the child is learning, there are no screen time limits." B) "An acceptable amount of screen time is 1 hour per day." C) "If the child is content, there is no protocol for screen time." D) "Acceptable screen time is 4 hours per day."

B) "An acceptable amount of screen time is 1 hour per day." Screen time for preschoolers should be limited to no more than 1 hr per day of programming at home, school, or afterschool care.

A nurse is caring for a client who has renal disease and must limit potassium intake. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid because they are high in potassium? (Select all that apply) A) Apples B) Bananas C) Dried beans D) Spinach E) Tomatoes

B) Bananas C) Dried beans D) Spinach E) Tomatoes The nurse should instruct the client to avoid eating bananas, dried beans, spinach, and tomatoes because these foods are high in potassium. Consuming foods that are high in potassium can lead to heart dysrythmias and increase the risk of myocardial infarction for clients who have renal disease.

A nurse is preparing to administer an influenza vaccine to a client. The client states that they understand being immunized will help protect them against the influenza virus. Which of the following concepts is the nurse demonstrating by administering the vaccine? A) Health promotion B) Disease prevention C) Health outcomes D) Wellness

B) Disease prevention The nurse is demonstrating disease prevention by administering an influenza vaccine to the client because this action can prevent the client from acquiring the influenza virus. Disease prevention focuses on measures taken to limit the client's exposure to, and the effects of, illness and disease, which includes immunizations and hand hygiene.

A nurse is providing prenatal education to a client who is in the first trimester of pregnancy. Which of the following teratogens should the nurse instruct the client to avoid during pregnancy due to the risk to fetal development? (Select all that apply) A) Chamomile tea B) Hyperthermia C) Uncontrolled glucose levels D) Rubella E) Smoking

B) Hyperthermia C) Uncontrolled glucose levels D) Rubella E) Smoking

Which nursing intervention exemplifies the nurse working in a health promotion role? Select all that apply. A) Administering a prescribed antibiotic B) Reinforcing desirable changes to the client's lifestyle C) Administering vaccines to a well child D) Administering an inhaler to a client with asthma E) Obtaining a blood glucose sample on a client with hypoglycemia

B) Reinforcing desirable changes to the client's lifestyle C) Administering vaccines to a well child The nurse acting in a health promotion role is performing interventions to prevent disease. Reinforcing desirable changes to the client's lifestyle and administering vaccines to a well child exemplify health promotion.

A nurse is caring for a client who follows a vegan diet and reports lethargy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement? A) Offer a massage with lavender oil. B) Request a prescription for vitamin B12 supplements. C) Give the client a cup of chamomile tea. D) Provide peppermint oil for the client to inhale.

B) Request a prescription for vitamin B12 supplements. The nurse should identify that clients who follow a plant-based diet have a risk for a B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is available primarily in animal food sources, such as meat, eggs, and dairy products. A B12 deficiency can result in weakness and fatigue.

A nurse is teaching a couples' class at a local community center about building positive relationships. Today's session is on learning skills to be open-minded and respectful to those with opposing opinions. Based on this data, on which component of wellness is the nurse focusing this session? A) Physical B) Social C) Environment D) Emotional

B) Social The social component of wellness focuses on the ability to interact successfully with people and within the environment of which each person is a part, to develop and maintain intimacy with significant others, and to develop respect and tolerance for those with differing opinions and beliefs.

A nurse is assisting with an in-service for staff members about culturally competent care. Which of the following information should the nurse include about traditional Native American beliefs? A) There should be a balance between yin and yang. B) Cupping is used to promote wellness. C) Use biofeedback to reduce stress. D) Music can produce healing energy.

D) Music can produce healing energy. The nurse should include that the traditional Native American medicine beliefs of some tribes can include the use of tobacco, music, and storytelling to produce healing energy.

The nurse is working in a clinic that is designed to provide health education and immunizations. As such, this clinic is designed to provide a. Primary prevention. b. Secondary prevention. c. Tertiary prevention. d. Diagnosis and prompt intervention.

a. Primary prevention. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to people considered physically and emotionally healthy. Health promotion includes health education programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities. Secondary prevention focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and who are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions. Activities are directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention. Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability through interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration.

The patient is admitted to the emergency department of the local hospital from home with reports of chest discomfort and shortness of breath. She is placed on oxygen, has labs and blood gases drawn, and is given an electrocardiogram and breathing treatments. What level of preventive care is this patient receiving? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Health promotion

b. Secondary prevention Secondary prevention focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and who are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions. Activities are directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to people considered physically and emotionally healthy. Health promotion includes health education programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities. Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability through interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration

A patient is admitted to a rehabilitation facility following a stroke. The patient has right-sided paralysis and is unable to speak. The patient will be receiving physical therapy and speech therapy. What are these examples of? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Health promotion

c. Tertiary prevention Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability through interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration. Secondary prevention focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses, and who are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions. Activities are directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to people considered physically and emotionally healthy. Health promotion includes health education programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities.

A nursing diagnosis that indicates that a client wants to implement steps to promote health and wellness usually includes the word(s) A) impaired. B) ineffective. C) risk for. D) readiness for.

D) readiness for. Nursing diagnoses that indicate that a client wants to implement steps to promote health and wellness usually include the words "readiness for," such as readiness for enhanced coping, readiness for enhanced health management, or readiness for enhanced parenting.

A community health nurse is educating a group of clients on the difference between illness and disease. Which statements are appropriate for the nurse to include in the educational session? Select all that apply. A) "An individual can have a disease and not feel ill." B) "Illness is synonymous with disease." C) "Illness is an alteration in body function, where disease is highly subjective." D) "An individual can feel ill without disease." E) "Illness and disease are never related to one another."

A) "An individual can have a disease and not feel ill." D) "An individual can feel ill without disease." Illness is a highly personal state in which the individual's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished. It is not synonymous with disease and may or may not be related to disease. One individual can have a disease, such as a growth in the stomach, and not feel ill. Another individual can feel ill-that is, feel uncomfortable-and yet have no discernible disease

A nurse is discussing climacteric changes that occur during middle adulthood with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the concept? (Select all that apply) A) "Both males and females experience a change of life referred to as climacteric." B) "Climacteric in females is referred to as menopause." C) "Climacteric in males means they are no longer able to fertilize a female egg." D) "Climacteric changes in males occur gradually, over a number of years." E) "Climacteric in females can manifest as heart palpitations."

A) "Both males and females experience a change of life referred to as climacteric." B) "Climacteric in females is referred to as menopause." D) "Climacteric changes in males occur gradually, over a number of years." E) "Climacteric in females can manifest as heart palpitations."

A nurse is providing an educational session on cognitive development at a community event. Which of the following statements by the nurse are consistent with Piaget's theory of cognitive development? (Select all that apply) A) "Individuals acquire knowledge, intellect, and cognition over time." B) "Intelligence is a natural ability that develops as a child grows and adapts to their environment." C) "Children construct knowledge that evolves and changes over time." D) "Children construct knowledge in new ways at critical points during development." E) "Adolescents achieve formal operational thought by 16 years of age."

A) "Individuals acquire knowledge, intellect, and cognition over time." B) "Intelligence is a natural ability that develops as a child grows and adapts to their environment." C) "Children construct knowledge that evolves and changes over time." D) "Children construct knowledge in new ways at critical points during development."

The pulmonary rehabilitation nurse is teaching a group of clients about both isotonic and isometric exercises. At the conclusion of the session, which client statements indicate effective teaching has occurred? Select all that apply. A) "Isotonic exercises are also called dynamic exercises." B) "Isotonic exercises are static movements." C) "Isometric exercises involve exerting pressure against a solid object." D) "Isotonic exercises produce a mild increase in heart rate and cardiac output, but no appreciable increase in blood flow to other parts of the body." E) "Isometric exercises are useful for endurance training."

A) "Isotonic exercises are also called dynamic exercises." C) "Isometric exercises involve exerting pressure against a solid object." E) "Isometric exercises are useful for endurance training." In isotonic exercises, which are dynamic exercises, the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement. Isometric exercises, which are static exercises, involve exerting pressure against a solid object. Isometric exercises produce a mild increase in heart rate and cardiac output, but no appreciable increase in blood flow to other parts of the body. Isometric exercises are useful for endurance training.

A nurse is assisting with providing an in-service for staff members about complementary and integrative health. Which of the following statements by a staff member indicates an understanding of the teaching? A) "Scented oils might decrease discomfort." B) "Natural substances do not have adverse effects." C) "Acupressure and acupuncture are the same thing." D) "Meditation involves the use of an electronic device to regulate body function."

A) "Scented oils might decrease discomfort." Aromatherapy involves the use of plant extracts to relieve discomforts and promote wellness. They can be used to reduce nausea and vomiting, promote sleep, and increase energy. They are useful in practice, such as when combined with massage therapy, to increase relaxation and decrease pain. As with any complementary therapy, the nurse should understand contraindications or potentially harmful effects, and collaborate with the provider before use.

A nurse is caring for a client whose provider prescribed a heart-healthy diet. Which of the following information should the nurse include for the client regarding heart-healthy diets? (Select all that apply) A) "You should limit saturated fats in your diet." B) "You should increase sodium intake to your taste." C) "Eat foods with whole grains in your new diet." D) "It's important to eat larger portions of fruits and vegetables." E) "Limiting high-calorie food intake will promote adherence to your new diet." F) "Continue to avoid skim milk and lean meats."

A) "You should limit saturated fats in your diet." C) "Eat foods with whole grains in your new diet." D) "It's important to eat larger portions of fruits and vegetables." E) "Limiting high-calorie food intake will promote adherence to your new diet."

A nurse is assessing an adolescent who reports feeling "very depressed." The nurse should recognize that which of the following are signs of increased risk for suicide? (Select all that apply) A) Expressing feelings of gloom and helplessness B) Expressing loss of interest in activities once considered important C) Making threats of self-harm D) Having access to weapons E) Purchasing valued possessions

A) Expressing feelings of gloom and helplessness B) Expressing loss of interest in activities once considered important C) Making threats of self-harm D) Having access to weapons

While teaching a class on health status, the nurse educator reviews internal variables that affect health status. Which internal variables are appropriate for the nurse to include in the class? Select all that apply. A) Gender B) Diet C) Exercise regimen D) Developmental level E) Age

A) Gender D) Developmental level E) Age Internal variables are often described as non-modifiable because, for the most part, they cannot be changed. Examples of internal variables include gender, developmental level, and age. In contrast, external variables, such as diet and exercise, are easily modified for most clients.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving tube feedings via PEG. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement in order to help prevent the client from aspirating? A) Keep the client's head elevated to at least 30° for a minimum of 1 hr after a feeding. B) Verify the initial tube placement with an x-ray after the first feeding. C) Check the client's tube feeding tolerance every 12 hr. D) Check the pH of the gastric contents each day.

A) Keep the client's head elevated to at least 30° for a minimum of 1 hr after a feeding. The nurse should keep the client's head elevated to at least 30° for a minimum of 1 hr after the feeding because this gives the client time to digest the feeding and helps prevent aspiration.

A nurse at a hospital is interviewing a newly admitted client. The client tells the nurse they would like to adhere to their cultural beliefs during their hospitalization. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to provide the client with culturally competent care? (Select all that apply) A) Listen to the client's request with respect and compassion. B) Let the client know that their cultural beliefs will be checked on after the assigned nursing break. C) Reassure the client that they can practice their cultural beliefs if safe to self and others. D) Explain to the client that this is not possible in a public space. E) Provide resources to meet the client's cultural needs.

A) Listen to the client's request with respect and compassion. C) Reassure the client that they can practice their cultural beliefs if safe to self and others. E) Provide resources to meet the client's cultural needs.

A nurse identifies the seven components of wellness as a useful tool in assessing health. Which are some of the components of wellness? Select all that apply. A) Physical B) Environmental C) Emotional D) Financial E) Spiritual

A) Physical B) Environmental C) Emotional E) Spiritual The physical component is the ability to carry out daily tasks, achieve fitness, and generally practice positive lifestyle habits. The environmental component includes influences such as food, water, and air. The spiritual component is the belief in some force (nature, science, religion, or a higher power) that serves to unite human beings and provide meaning and purpose to life.

A nurse is planning a health class at a local middle school about puberty during adolescence. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include in the discussion? (Select all that apply) A) Primary sex organs mature during puberty. B) Puberty begins with a growth spurt in height and weight. C) Onset of puberty is influenced by genetics, environment factors, and gender. D) Secondary sex characteristics emerge during puberty. E) Maturation during puberty occurs at the same rate for everyone.

A) Primary sex organs mature during puberty. B) Puberty begins with a growth spurt in height and weight. C) Onset of puberty is influenced by genetics, environment factors, and gender. D) Secondary sex characteristics emerge during puberty.

A school nurse asks a first grader about rules at school. The child responds, "We need to wash our hands before lunch, be respectful to the teacher, and pay attention in class. If we don't, we'll get into big trouble." The nurse should recognize that the child is in which of the following of Kohlberg's stages of moral development? A) Punishment and Obedience B) Good Boy—Nice Girl C) Social Contract D) Law and Order

A) Punishment and Obedience The Punishment and Obedience stage is a part of the first level of Kohlberg's moral development theory, referred to as the preconventional reasoning level, and occurs in children between the ages of 4 and 10 years. During the Punishment and Obedience stage, rules are viewed in terms of positive or negative consequences to action. In the punishment and obedience stage, rules are obeyed to avoid punishment. A child who is in the first grade would be in this stage.

A nurse is caring for a client who routinely eats a regular diet and is scheduled to have surgery with sedation in the morning. The nurse receives a new NPO diet prescription for the client. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the rationale for the provider's prescription? A) The client is at risk for aspiration due to the upcoming surgery. B) The client is at risk for dysphagia due to the upcoming surgery. C) The nutrients consumed as a part of the regular diet will interact with the sedation used in the procedure. D) The client reports having to drink a few sips of water before the procedure.

A) The client is at risk for aspiration due to the upcoming surgery. The client is at risk for aspiration due to their upcoming surgery with sedation. To decrease the risk of aspiration, the client should remain NPO prior to the surgery.

A nurse is reviewing a client's medical record and notes that their BMI is 25.5. How should the nurse interpret this finding? A) The client is overweight. B) The client is underweight. C) The client's BMI is within normal range. D) The client is obese.

A) The client is overweight. According to the Body Mass Index (BMI) chart, a client who has BMI between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight. Therefore, the nurse should identify that a client who has a BMI of 25.5 is in the overweight category.

A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about holistic nursing. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply) A) Use deep breathing to promote relaxation in clients. B) Encourage clients to use guided imagery to decrease pain. C) Apply essential oils to treat anxiety in clients. D) Treat one medical issue for clients at a time. E) Discourage family involvement in client care.

A) Use deep breathing to promote relaxation in clients. B) Encourage clients to use guided imagery to decrease pain. C) Apply essential oils to treat anxiety in clients.

A critical nursing concept that a nurse uses with every client that allows the nurse to identify habits of health and wellness and the effects of illness and injury is A) assessment. B) collaboration. C) teaching and learning. D) advocacy.

A) assessment. As the first step in the nursing process, the nurse will use assessment with every client to identify habits of health and wellness and the effects of illness and injury.

A male patient has been laid off from his construction job and has many unpaid bills. He is going through a divorce from his marriage of 15 years and has been seeing a pastor to help him through this difficult time. He does not have a primary care provider because he has never really been sick. and his parents never took him as a child. What external variables influence the patient's health practices. (select all that apply) A. Difficulty paying his bills. B. Seeing his pastor as a means of support. C. Family practice of not routinely seeing a healthcare provider. D. Stress from the divorce and loss of a job.

A. Difficulty paying his bills. C. Family practice of not routinely seeing a healthcare provider.

A nurse is caring for adolescents in a school-based health clinic. Which of the following client statements should the nurse recognize as an indication that the client is experiencing Erikson's stage of identity vs role confusion? A) "I'm coaching a little league team." B) "I think I might be gay." C) "I can't seem to do anything right for my parents." D) "Why would someone want to help me? What's in it for them?"

B) "I think I might be gay." Identity vs. Role Confusion is the stage of Erikson's theory related to adolescence that involves forming an identity and answering the central question of "Who am I?" Questions about sexuality, developing a sense of identity, and finding their place in society are issues the adolescent addresses during this stage.

A nurse is assessing a client's hair and notes that it is brittle. Which of the following should the nurse determine about the client's nutritional intake? A) The client is not getting enough vitamin A. B) The client has insufficient protein in their diet. C) The client needs more vitamin D from sun exposure. D) The client needs to eat five servings of fruits and vegetables daily.

B) The client has insufficient protein in their diet. Protein helps promote healthy hair and prevents brittle hair and hair loss. Therefore, the nurse should identify that this client might have inadequate protein intake.

A nurse is assisting with teaching a client, who has a history of alcohol use disorder and is to be discharged following cataract surgery, about non-pharmacological therapies. Which statement indicates an understanding of the teaching? A) "I will take kava to reduce my eye pain." B) "I will find a Rolfing practitioner to help decrease my alcohol cravings." C) "I will practice meditating when I feel stressed." D) "I will take niacin to promote healing for my eyes."

C) "I will practice meditating when I feel stressed." Meditation is a non-pharmacological mind and body therapy that uses relaxation of the mind and focused breathing to decrease stress, anxiety, depression, and pain.

The nurse is assessing a 24-year-old woman who recently found out she is pregnant. Which factor would the nurse identify as the most likely source of a barrier to health promotion in this client? A) Age of the client B) Presence of the client's mother during the appointment C) Pregnancy occurred as a result of rape D) First pregnancy (primigravida)

C) Pregnancy occurred as a result of rape The age of the mother, presence of the client's mother, and gravidity could all be factors that promote a desire for health or cause the client to make unhealthy choices, depending on the client's situation. However, most clients who are pregnant as a result of rape will have both physical and emotional barriers to health promotion.

A nurse is teaching a group of guardians about primary prevention techniques. Which of the following topics should the nurse include as an example of primary prevention? A) Emphasizing the importance of well-child visits for the child B) Encouraging children who have asthma to participate in extracurricular activities C) Taking measures to decrease the risk of childhood injuries within the home D) Promoting a healthy lifestyle for children who are overweight

C) Taking measures to decrease the risk of childhood injuries within the home This is an example of primary prevention because this intervention is intended to decrease the risk for medical conditions and injuries by changing behaviors and minimizing exposures.

A nurse is caring for a client who states, "I only eat a diet high in protein and carbohydrates." Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A) "Make sure to get enough servings of red meat in your diet daily." B) "Your diet is varied but should also be high in calorie intake." C) "A varied diet should be high in protein and carbohydrate consumption." D) "A nutritious diet should include carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and healthy fats."

D) "A nutritious diet should include carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and healthy fats." The nurse should instruct the client to consume a balanced diet from a variety of different food groups, such as dairy, grains, fruits, vegetables, and proteins.

A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation of nutritional supplements. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A) A nutritional supplement can be applied topically. B) If a nutritional supplement contains natural products, it is considered safe. C) The FDA approves nutritional supplements for safety before they are placed on the market. D) A nutritional supplement contains at least one nutritional component.

D) A nutritional supplement contains at least one nutritional component. The FDA states a nutritional supplement must contain at least one or more nutritional components.

A nurse is speaking to a client who smokes tobacco and has a child living in the home. The nurse should identify that the child's exposure to second-hand smoke is an example of which of the following types of risk factors? A) Cultural B) Societal C) Heredity D) Environmental

D) Environmental The nurse should identify that exposure to poor air quality caused by second-hand smoke is an environmental risk factor. Poor air quality can also be caused by exhaust, wildfires, and ozone depletion. Populations continuously exposed to poor air quality experience higher rates of asthma, respiratory infections, reduced lung capacity, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, and ischemic heart disease.

A nurse is caring for a 10-year-old child who is newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions by the child should the nurse recognize as characteristic of Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority? A) Becomes frustrated when their caregiver fills out the child's menu B) Apologizes to their caregiver for wanting to manage their insulin administration independently C) States frustration that diabetes mellitus will make them different from everyone else D) Expresses confidence in their ability to self-administer insulin

D) Expresses confidence in their ability to self-administer insulin Industry vs. Inferiority is Erikson's stage of development occurring during the school-age years. During this stage, children work at learning complex skills, problem-solving, and gaining a sense of self. Successes in these areas, along with support from those around them, promotes a sense of accomplishment and confidence in their endeavors.

A home health nurse is visiting a client who lives in an older home and is concerned about their child's exposure to lead paint in the house. The nurse should identify that which of the following is potential health risk from exposure to lead paint? A) Strabismus B) Dental caries C) Accelerated growth and development D) Learning disabilities

D) Learning disabilities The nurse should identify that exposure to lead paint can cause learning disabilities in children. Lead exposure can also cause a range of other issues, including lowered IQ, difficulty with speech, and issues with muscle coordination. Lead is found in old paint, water, some pottery, dust, cosmetics, pipes, and even gasoline. Continued exposure to this common metal can be toxic. Therefore, no amount of lead exposure is safe.

A nurse is preparing to measure a nasogastric tube for insertion. The nurse recalls that the client's xyphoid process should be used as a last place of measurement. Which of the following landmarks should the nurse measure before the xyphoid process? A) Measure from the bottom of the ear. B) Measure from the tip of the chin. C) Measure from the bottom of the jaw line. D) Measure from the tip of the nose to the earlobe.

D) Measure from the tip of the nose to the earlobe. The NG tube is measured from the tip of the nose to the earlobe, then from the earlobe to the xyphoid process. This would give an accurate measurement for tube insertion, allowing appropriate tube placement.

A nurse is caring for a client who reports an improved diet, exercising 30 min a day for 5 days a week, and an overall sense of improved health. The nurse should identify that the client is describing a positive state of health known as which of the following? A) Health promotion B) Disease prevention C) Health outcomes D) Wellness

D) Wellness Wellness describes the feeling or state of an individual who took actions to achieve complete, holistic health. This can include spirituality, mental health, mindfulness, as well as physical or environmental aspects, depending upon the client's needs.

An argument for passing "universal health care" legislation is that it would help fulfill the Healthy People 2020 goal of a. Increasing quality of life in America. b. Prolonging healthy life in America. c. Eliminating health disparities in America. d. Promoting healthy behaviors.

c. Eliminating health disparities in America. Healthy People 2020 promotes a society in which all people live long, healthy lives. This program has four overarching goals: (1) attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death; (2) achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups; (3) create social and physical environments that promote good health for all; and (4) promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. Providing health care to all would eliminate disparities in health care by ensuring access. Perhaps the best way to increase quality and years of healthy life is to promote healthy behaviors. However, providing access to health care would not guarantee changes in behaviors, increased quality of life, or prolonged healthy life.