HEDU 1531 Study Guide Key Concepts for the Comprehensive Final Exam 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10

hooking up

sexual interactions without commitment or even affection for one another

relapse

suffer deterioration after a period of improvement

Alcohol intoxication

the condition of having physical or mental control markedly diminished by the effects of alcohol or drugs

Hepatitis A .

the most widespread form, is contracted by consuming microscopic amounts of feces from contaminated, fruits, vegetables, and ice cubes.

Micronutrients

vitamins, minerals, water

pandemic

worldwide epidemic of a disease

Hepatitis B

. is transmitted through sexual contact.

Leading causes of death, 15 - 24

1. Accidents 2. Suicide 3.Homicide 4. Cancer 5.Heart disease

Psychological Health

A broad dimension of health and wellness that encompasses both mental and emotional health.

addiction

A chronic, progressive disease of brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry characterized by uncontrollable craving for a substance or behavior despite both negative consequences and diminished or loss of pleasure associated with the activity.

Stimulants

A class of drugs that stimulate the central nervous system, causing acceleration of mental and physical processes in the body.

The Healthy People Initiative

A federal initiative to facilitate broad, positive health changes in large segments of the U.S. population whose goals are revised every 10 years.

Bipolar (Manic-Depressive) Disorder

A mental disorder characterized by occurrences of abnormally elevated mood (or mania), often alternating with depressive episodes, with periods of normal mood in between.

Fetal alcohol syndrome:

A pattern of mental and physical birth defects found in some children of mothers who drank excessively during pregnancy

Substance Use Disorder

A pattern of substance use that ranges from mild to severe and that is characterized by 2-3 of the following within a one-year period:

Predisposing factor:

A physical, mental, emotional, or surrounding influence that affects the likelihood that a person will decide to change a current behavior.

Fight-or-flight

A set of physical reactions that prepares you to deal with a perceived threat.

Enabling factor

A skill, social support, or resource that makes it possible (or easier) to succeed in changing a targeted behavior.

Health

A state of well-being that encompasses physical, social, psychological, and other dimensions and is a resource for everyday life.

Major depressive disorder (unipolar depression):

A type of depressive disorder characterized by experiencing five or more symptoms of depression, including either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure, for at least two weeks straight.

Intellectual health:

A willingness to take on new intellectual challenges, openness to new ideas and skills, a capacity to think critically, and a sense of humor and curiosity.

Resiliency

Ability to experience success and satisfaction following trauma or other stressors. Resilient people are optimistic, are hardy, and have a strong internal locus of control.

Contemplation:

Acknowledges a problem; thinking about making a change within the next six months.

Recommended Carbohydrate Intake

Adults aged 19 years of age or older should consume an absolute minimum of 130 grams of carbohydrates each day.

Food intolerances:

Adverse food reactions that don't involve the immune system.

General Adaptation Syndrome: Stage 1

Alarm When first confronted by a stressor, your body activates the fight-or-flight response, boosts levels of stress hormones, and increases heart rate.

Hallucinogens

Alter perception and are capable of causing auditory and visual hallucinations.

Phobias

An extreme, disabling, irrational fear of something that poses little or no actual danger.

Reinforcing factor:

An influence that either rewards or opposes a change effort in progres

Psychological health:

Autonomy, self-acceptance, and the ability to maintain nurturing relationships and to pursue meaningful goals.

anxiety

Characterized by persistent feelings of fear, dread, and worry.

Inhalants

Chemical vapors that, when inhaled, producemind-altering effects

general anxiety disorder (GAD)

Chronic worry and pessimism about everyday events that last at least six months.

Hardiness:

Commitment to relationships and ideals, self-efficacy, and internal locus of control.

Direct modes of transmission

Contact with infected people Contact with infected animals

Men and Depression

Depression in men is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The disparity in rates of disorders in men and women may not be as great as reported. Expression of depression as irritability, fatigue, or physical problems may prevent proper diagnosis. Many also believe that "real men" should not admit to feeling sad. Depressed men are more likely than women to self-medicate or engage in risky behavior

Minerals

Elements needed by the body to regulate functions and provide structure.

Panic attacks:

Episodes of sudden terror that strike without warning.

fats relationship to heart disease

Excessive consumption of fat can increase the level of low-density lipoprotein in the blood.A high level of LDL and/or total blood cholesterol is a major risk factor for heart disease, increases stroke risk, and can lead to a heart attack.

General Adaptation Syndrome: Stage 3

Exhaustion When the degree of stress is not manageable—when stressors are severe or persistent—the homeostatic mechanisms that formerly helped you adapt become depleted

recommended fat intake

Fats are the most concentrated energy source in the diet (9 calories per gram). 20% and 35% of total calories.

Human Papillomavirus

HPV causes all types of warts, wherever they may be on your body. There are more than 100 types of HPV. More than 40 types can infect the genitalia, although only four types are responsible for most genital HPV infections.

maintenance

Has maintained a behavior for six months or more and works to prevent relapse

Precontemplation:

Has no intention of addressing a problem in the next six months.

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that affects liver function. Hepatitis A the most widespread form, is contracted by consuming microscopic amounts of feces from contaminated, fruits, vegetables, and ice cubes. Hepatitis B is transmitted through sexual contact. Hepatitis C is typically spread through sharing syringes and can also be passed on by unsterilized tattoo needles and piercing equipment or sexual contact.

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that affects liver function. Hepatitis A the most widespread form, is contracted by consuming microscopic amounts of feces from contaminated, fruits, vegetables, and ice cubes. Hepatitis B is transmitted through sexual contact. Hepatitis C is typically spread through sharing syringes and can also be passed on by unsterilized tattoo needles and piercing equipment or sexual contact.

Women and Depression

Hormonal shifts appear to increase the risk of depressive disorders. A number of social and interpersonal factors increase women's stress, which contributes to depression. Women still tend to play a larger role than men in child care, while also pursuing professional careers. Women also experience higher rates of poverty and sexual abuse than men do.

Hormonal Response

Hormone is a chemical secreted by a gland and transported through the bloodstream to a distant target organ, the activity of which it then regulates.

Physical health

How well your body functions, and how well you care for it.

food poisoning

Illness caused by ingesting foods or beverages contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins.

Spiritual health:

Influenced by your beliefs and values and the way in which you express them.

Preparation:

Intends to make a change within one month and has a plan in mind.

Action:

Modifies a behavior in an observable way.

Depressive Disorders in Men and Women

More women than men suffer from depressive disorders in a given year.

Marijuana

Most often used illicit drug in the United States

Macronutrients

Nutrients your body needs in relatively large quantities: Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Water

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological -----> Safety -----> Belonging and love -----> Self esteem -----> Self actualization

Trans-theoretical Model

Precontemplation: Contemplation: Preparation: Action: Maintenance: Termination:

Vitamin E

Protects blood cells, enhances immune function, improves absorption of Vitamin A; protects cell membranes, fatty acids and Vitamin A from oxidation

allergy

Reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances.

recommended protein intake

Recommended RDA: 10-35% of caloric intake.

post-traumatic stress disorder

Recurrent fear, anger, and depression occurring after a traumatic event.

tolerance

Reduced sensitivity to a drug so that increased amounts are needed to achieve the usual effect

Vitamin D

Regulates blood calcium levels; maintains bone health; assist in cell differentiation

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Repeated and unwanted thoughts (obsessions) that lead to rituals (compulsions) in an attempt to control anxiety.

Vitamin A

Required for vision, cell differentiation, reproduction; contributes to healthy bones and a healthy immune system

General Adaptation Syndrome: Stage 2

Resistance As the stressor continues, your body mobilizes homeostatic mechanisms that make it more resistant to the stressor.

Conflict resolution:

Resolving a conflict in a manner that both people can accept and that minimizes future occurrences of the conflict.

Eustress:

Stress resulting from changes that are perceived as advantageous.

Distress:

Stress resulting from changes that are perceived as threatening.

Optimism:

Stressors are transient.

Depressants

Substances that depress the activity of the central nervous system and slow brain activity.

Termination:

Successful behavior change.

healthy relationships

Successful relationships are built on trust, respect, and communication. No deep, intimate relationship is without challenges. Cooperation, compromise, and commitment can help couples through troubled times.

Ingestion

Swallowing; taking a substance by mouth.

Health literacy

The ability to evaluate and understand health information and make informed choices for your health care

BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration)

The amount of alcohol present in blood, measured in grams of alcohol per deciliter of blood.

drug misuse

The inappropriate use of a legal drug, either for a reason for which it was not medically intended or by a person without a prescription.

Metabolism

The organs that metabolize drugs are the same organs that break down and eliminate nutritional wastes (liver and kidneys).

Homeostasis

The physiological processes by which the body maintains its internal conditions within a narrow, healthful range.

online dating

The process of searching for a romantic partner on the Internet. It is also called Internet dating.

Environmental health:

The quality of home, work, school, and social environments—as well as the health of our planet.

Social health:

The quality of interactions and relationships with others.

Occupational health:

The quality of your relationship to your work.

Robert Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love

The type and intensity of love a couple experiences depend on the strength of the intimacy, passion, and commitment in their relationship.

drug abuse

The use (most often the excessive use) of any legal or illegal drug in a way that is detrimental to your health.

indirect modes of transmission

Touching contaminated objects Breathing airborne pathogens Bites from infected insects Drinking or eating contaminated water or food

Cold

a common viral infection in which the mucous membrane of the nose and throat becomes inflamed, typically causing running at the nose, sneezing, a sore throat, and other similar symptoms.

Antibiotics

a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.

Injection

a shot; the "throwing" of medicine into the body by a needle

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

a type of depression that's related to changes in seasons

epidemic

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

Mucosal absorption

absorbing a drug through the mucous membranes

topical administration

administration of a substance directly onto the skin

disease

an alteration in body structure of biochemistry that is significant enough to cause the body's regulatory mechanisms to fail. Symptoms may or may not be present.

Vitamin C

antioxidant; enhances immune function; assists in synthesis of important compounds; enhances iron absorption

Four Keys to Good Health

exercise, don't smoke, eat right, don't abuse alcohol

Water

is Dispersed throughout the body. Vital to body functions: Nutrient digestion Absorption Transportation Also lubricates tissues, regulates body temperature, provides moisture to skin and other tissues, carries wastes out of the body, and contributes to a feeling of fullness when consumed with a meal.

Nicotine

is an alkaloid derived from the tobacco plant that is responsible for smoking's psychoactive and addictive effects.

Hepatitis

is an inflammation of the liver that affects liver function.

Hepatitis C

is typically spread through sharing syringes and can also be passed on by unsterilized tattoo needles and piercing equipment or sexual contact.

intimacy

liking

autonomy

making informed, uncoerced decisions free from the norms of dominant culture

Food Allergies

milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish.