Helping Relationship Final
Stage III of the helping process involves helping clients ____.
choose strategies that best fit their resources. pull strategies together into a manageable plan. generate possible strategies for achieving goals.
From the perspective of positive psychology, a helper should always listen to a client for _____________.
client strengths, opportunities, and resources
Clients use smoke screens to _______________.
hide from helpers the ways in which they fail to face up to life
Your text lists nonlistening, partial listening, audio-recorder listening, and ____ as forms of inactive or inadequate listening.
rehearsing
Empathy_____________.
should be used throughout the helping processs
Read the following:CLIENT: I don't even know where to start. (He slumps in his chair and falls silent.)HELPER: It's pretty clear that you're feeling miserable. Maybe we can talk about why.CLIENT: (after a pause) Well, let me tell you what happened....Which of the following best describes what the helper has successfully done to help the client to continue talking?
the helper has read and responded to feelings and emotions in the client's nonverbal behavior.
Which of these statements is an example of describing the desired future in outcome language?
"I want to lose 24 pounds by next year."
What two basic issues cause most people to seek the helping process?
Problem situations and unused opportunities
Claire feels she should be able to run her business full-time while also taking care of her family; however, she finds the stress of trying to do it all is interfering with her health and well-being. Which of the following does her situation best reflect?
A conflict of wants and needs
Read the following and answer the question. CLIENT (hesitatingly): I don't know whether I can kick the habit, you know, just let some trivial things go at work and at home. I know I've made a contract with myself. I'm not sure that I can keep it. HELPER: Um... CLIENT (pauses, then laughs): Here I am deep into perfectionism, and I hear myself saying I can't do something. How ironic. Of course, I can. It's not going to be easy, at least at first. What is the helper's "Um" called?
A prompt
According to research findings, which of the following is a characteristic of a creative person?
A sense of confidence and optimistic attitude
_____ are valuable only insofar as they lead to _______ for the client, and _______ are only valuable insofar as they lead to _______ for the client.
Actions, outcomes; outcomes, constructive impacts
Which of the following is not an example of a "precursor" or "regulator" (Hanna, 2002) indicating a person's readiness to benefit from the helping experience?
An ability to cry when the helper mentions something that feels very sad
A client comes for his first session with you. He seems anxious and starts talking by saying "Yesterday, I felt so nervous that I couldn't leave the house. It took every bit of strength I had to come here today." Then he stops talking. In accordance with Stage I, you want to help him to tell his story. Which of the following might you do to help him to continue in the way most beneficial to him?
Ask him to tell you more about his anxiety.
In helping, the term "blind spot" refers to which of the following?
Aspects of ourselves that we fail to see or choose to ignore
Read the following, noting that Counselor A responds one way to the client and Counselor B responds in another:12-YEAR-OLD CLIENT: My teacher started picking on me from the first day of class. I don't fool around more than anyone else in class, but she gets me anytime I do. I think she's picking on me because she doesn't like me. She doesn't yell at Bill Smith, and he acts funnier than I do.COUNSELOR A: This is a bit perplexing. You wonder why she singles you out for so much discipline.COUNSELOR B: You're mad because the way she picks on you seems unfair.Why is Counselor B's response more effective than A's?
B responds in a way a 12-year-old can appreciate
How can helpers best avoid informational overload?
By identifying key messages and feelings
Which of the following is an example of second-order change?
Changing the underlying system
According to Egan, how would you know whether your services are working for your clients?
Check on progress with the client throughout the helping process.
Two different clients are both experiencing problems in their careers. Client A has determined that one overriding solution is best; Client B has generated multiple alternatives for possible solutions. Which of the following accurately describes these approaches?
Client A's approach uses convergent thinking; Client B's approach uses divergent thinking.
Which of the following is one reason for helpers using The Skilled Helper approach to remain flexible in its use?
Clients engage in each stage and task of the model differently.
Among counseling techniques to increase client self-efficacy, which of the following does so by helping to eliminate obstacles for clients to deploy their resources?
Corrective feedback
Your text cites some common beliefs that make some people reluctant to seek or accept help initially, and that make some clients reluctant to engage in the work required by the helping process. Which of the following statements does not illustrate one or more of these beliefs?
Counseling will solve most of my problems and then I will lose my motivation
Kelly is upset because she believes she is not adequately keeping up with all her demands as a full-time student, part-time bookkeeper, and single mother of three. "I feel like I am so dumb; I barely made a 'C' on the biology test I just took." The counselor points out she has As and Bs in all her classes, including biology, and just got a raise at work. "I know, but I should have done better on that test. If I screw up one thing, I think I am a failure." According to Ellis, what type of self-defeating mindset does this exemplify?
Dysfunctional belief of always being competent
According to Egan, which of the following is true about challenging clients?
Effective helping always involves a mixture of challenge and support.
______________ is a helper's ability to understand the client from his or her point of view, and to communicate this understanding to the client when appropriate.
Empathy
Which of the following does not reflect an aspect of empathy?
Empathy is an ability to bring the client's values in line with the helper's values to achieve therapeutic goals.
A client has come to see a professional because s/he is not living as fully as s/he would like. Which of the following would be the best starting point for working with this client?
Focus on missed opportunities and unused potential.
Which of the following is not one of Egan's methods to help clients to explore their problems and identify unexploited opportunities?
Help clients assess their interpersonal skills
What is the primary function of challenging?
Helping clients test reality and invest what they learn to create a better future.
Which of the following is not a task of Egan's The Skilled Helper Stage I approach to helping?
Helping clients to appreciate fully their decision to begin the helping situation
Among the three tasks of Stage II, which of the following describes Task II-C—Demonstrate Commitment?
Helping the client discover incentives for doing the work needed to achieve desired outcomes; in other words, "What am I willing to pay for what I want?"
Egan discusses several of the "endless" ways we avoid taking responsibility including passivity, learned helplessness, disabling self-talk, getting trapped in vicious circles, and disorganization. Into which category of obstacles to action does he place these?
Inertia
Decision-making is a common factor that is important in the therapy process. What are the four keys to decision-making?
Information gathering, analysis, making a choice, and follow through
What type of empathy should typically be central to the helping process?
Interpersonal empathy
Which of the following responses from the shadow side most implies that the helper's theoretical orientation is more important than expressing understanding of the client's feelings and key messages?
Interpretations
Which of the following best identifies the importance of the action arrow?
It highlights acting to make the change rather than talking about change.
Which of the following is not a helper's goal during Stage I-A?
Keep the clients from acting on their problems before they are ready.
Which of the following is not true about developing strategies to achieve goals, according to Egan?
Most clients instinctively seek different routes to goals and choose the best ones
The counselor asks Jason, "Now that you've decided to finish college, how do you see the future?" What type of question is this?
Open-ended question
Among the various frameworks helpers can use to help clients identify resources to develop a range of strategies, which of these would not necessarily involve interacting with other people?
Places and things
Which of the following accurately reflects what Egan says about formal planning with clients?
Plans help clients evaluate goals and search for better strategies.
Regarding your text's discussion of the relationship of resilience to posttraumatic growth, which of the following is most accurate?
Posttraumatic growth is the outcome of resilience.
A therapist is focusing on a client's current difficulties of adjusting to college by helping the client manage her problems with time management. The therapist's approach involves teaching the client to manage her own time and to be proactive preparing for class. Which principle of outcome-focused helping is missing from this approach?
Producing life-enhancing outcomes
Among the examples of reasons that Egan gives for reluctance and resistance regarding counseling, which of the following is a primary reason for resistance?
Reacting to what they perceive as coercion or abuse
Egan reworked two stages of change models, by Yankelovich (1992) and by Prochaska and colleagues (Norcross, Krebs, & Prochaska, 2011; Prochaska & DiClemente, 2005; Prochaska & Norcoss, 2010), that serve to describe a client's readiness to change. Which of the following is not a part of this combined model?
Rehearsal
According to Egan, which of the following indicates how a helper might express empathy toward clients?
Respond accurately to clients' feelings, emotions and moods.
Which of the following is not a tactic identified by Egan for responding to clients with empathy?
Respond quickly to client communications.
Nonverbal behaviors generally ______________.
Reveal hidden depth and insight into client.
Which of the following is not one of the interrelated tasks of Stage III?
Setting goals in terms of outcomes the client desires
Which of the following is not an important factor in nonverbal communication between helper and client as presented by Egan?
Shaking hands at the beginning of each session
An injured patient says he wanted to give up, but his wife "made me get out of the hospital bed and learn to walk again." This is the best example of which factor contributing to resilience?
Social support
addressing the factors of risk and probability, which aspect of the shadow side of strategy selection that clients may engage in does Egan say is the most difficult to apply?
Striking a balance
According to your text, which is an accurate observation about implementation intentions?
Strong specific intentions will make moving to goal-achieving actions almost automatic.
In practicing "system leadership" (Slaughter, 2017), which of the following statements most accurately reflects one of Egan's six dimensions of a leadership process?
The best creative ideas must be embedded in a process or program that adds actual value.
The tasks of Stage I of The Skilled Helper approach developed by Egan all have to do with which of the following?
The client's present situation
Adriana says, "I want to have a better relationship with my daughter. I want to become a better listener." Which of the following best describes these two statements in terms of goal setting?
The first statement is an ultimate goal; the second statement is an instrumental goal.
Egan cites Driscoll's (1984, pp. 91-97) discussion of passive clients and what happens when helpers respond with a passivity of their own. Which of the following is not accurate about this?
Therapist passivity is typically a more effective long-term approach to passive clients.
According to the text, there are hundreds of different treatment models. Which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the effectiveness of these different approaches?
There are no clear differences in the outcomes among the bona fide treatment models.
According to Steven Hayes' acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) approach, which of the following should clients do about self-defeating thoughts and emotions?
They should embrace and defuse them using respectful attention.
Which of the following is/are the primary goal(s) of helping?
To help clients become better at helping themselves in their everyday lives To help clients manage their problems in living more effectively and developing unused or underused resources and opportunities more fully To help clients develop an action-oriented prevention mentality in their lives
According to Egan, which of the following is not a purpose for discussing the client's past?
To identify problems too deep to address
Feedback is an important ingredient in the helping process. What typifies best practices regarding feedback?
Two-way feedback between the client and the therapist about how therapy is going
which of the following ways of helping clients choose best-fit problem-managing strategies involves weighing the acceptability and unacceptability of benefits and costs to self and others?
Using the balance-sheet method
Which of the following is not cited in the text as a discrepancy that a helper might want to challenge?
What clients believe versus their intent
Which of the following is an example of an effective question?
What do you like about baseball?
All helping frameworks, models, or processes should help clients ask and answer for themselves which of the following questions?
What does a better future look like? How do I get there? How do I make it all happen?
The basic formula Egan suggests beginners use to deliver empathic understanding is ____.
You feel...because..."
A client's reluctance to self-disclose most likely signals ____.
a general inability to share aspects of himself or herself with others
Rebecca wanted to lighten next semester's course load by taking an evening course this semester, but she could not afford to prepay the tuition as the university required. Then she looked online and found the course available at her local community college with lower tuition for area residents. In this example, Rebecca's plan to take the evening course was_______; the university's prepayment requirement was_______; her adjusting her original plan was _______; and her finding the course more affordably elsewhere was _______.
a strategy; an unforeseen circumstance; a tactic; logistics
When is a good time to summarize?
a. During a session that is going nowhere b. When the client needs a new perspective c. At the beginning of a new session
Which of the following is a way to help clients develop strategies for attaining their goals?
a. Using brainstorming b. Various frameworks c. Finding social support
The severity of clients' presenting issues can be simply understood as the combination of ____.
a. distress, frequency, and uncontrollability
Counseling research has found that clients typically begin improving ____.
a. early in the treatment
When listening to their clients, it is important for therapists to ____________.
a. listen to clients' thoughts and patterns b. listen to clients' intentions c. listen to clients' emotions
Strategies for achieving goals should be or do which of the following, according to Egan?
a. specific, substantive, sustainable b. Realistic, prudent, cost-effective c. Flexible, and fit client values
Outcome research indicates that within the helping relationship, ____.
a. the helping experience should be organized around the client's resources, perceptions, experiences, and ideas
Probes can be used to _____________.
a.explore clients' experiences b. clarify clients' point of view c. explore decisions the client is considering
Which of the following is most accurate regarding the collaborative nature of the relationship between the helper and the client?
b. Both the helper and the client have work to do in the problem-management and opportunity-development stages and tasks, and both have responsibilities related to outcomes.
To help clients become more active agents of their own lives ("doers" rather than "reactors"), the helper should _____________.
be active with his or her clients by engaging in dialogue with them
Which of these is closest to what Egan identifies as his own bias relative to multicultural counseling competencies?
c. Diversity in personal culture is the key concept.
According to Egan, culture can be understood as which of the following?
c. Shared beliefs and assumptions interacting with shared values to produce shared norms driving shared behavior patterns
The term "working alliance" refers to which of the following?
c. The collaboration between client and helper based on their agreement to counseling goals and tasks
As presented by Egan (2012), the four requirements for true dialogue in the helping process are turn taking, connecting, mutual influencing, and ______________.
c. co-creating outcomes
Robert, a high school senior, tells his helper that he wants to get into Princeton University but he knows that his grades and SAT scores are not good enough to be accepted. He says, "I think I will apply anyway. What have I got to lose?" He goes on to say that he is only going to apply to Ivy League schools because his life will not be worth living if he does not attend one of these prestigious schools. According to Task B of Stage II of the helping framework, Robert's helper should help Robert to ______________.
choose realistic and challenging goals that are real solutions to key issues
One of the key tasks in initial meetings with clients as they are telling their stories is to ____.
help them clarify key issues within their story
Clients' stories tend to be a collection of their _______________.
d. All these are correct
According to Egan, which of the following parts of an individual's personal culture is not defined correctly?
d. Norms, or what the helper reinforces as what the client should or should not do
According to Carl Rogers (1980), empathic listening means _______________.
entering the client's private perceptual world and becoming at home in it
In identifying emotions during a helping situation, the helper should use the correct___________.
family of emotions and the correct intensity
If a client thinks that a problem is critical, even though by objective standards the problem does not seem that bad, then ____.
for that client, it is critical
The term "framework" rather than model is used to describe the problem management process because the term...
framework reflects a systematic but flexible, nonlinear approach
The "action arrow" of the problem-management framework indicates that clients need to act ________________-.
from the beginning of the helping process
Probes are typically not useful ____.
in assisting clients to avoid certain parts of their story
All the empathic responses a helper might use to influence the client's work constructively may be referred to as ___________.
nudges
According to Egan, the communication skills involved in responding with empathy have three dimensions. These are ____.
perceptiveness, know-how, and assertiveness
An advantage to helping a client develop an action-oriented mentality in his or her life is that it helps him or her to ________.
prevent future problems
Verbal and sometimes nonverbal tactics for helping clients talk more freely and concretely about any issue at any point in the helping process are commonly referred to as
prompts and probes
A client tells you the following: "I started my new job and right away, my boss starts giving me a hard time. I bet he is an unhappy and angry person. You know, when he hired me I had a sense he was unhappy. He told me that he was going on a business trip and that I would be unsupervised for the next two weeks." You notice that almost none of this communication has to do with the client. According to Egan, one useful way to think about this communication is ___________.
to wonder about what the client is leaving out of the story
Effective helpers learn to focus on clients' stories and are most able to highlight ____.
unused resources that clients have