Hematology Chapter7

Formula for MCV: Units for MCV: Reference range for MCV:

(Hct x 10)/RBC fL 80-96 fL

Formula for MCH: Units for MCH: Reference Range for MCH:

(Hgb x 10)/RBC pg 27-32 pg

Formula for MCHC: Units for MCHC: Reference Range for MCHC:

(Hgb x 100)/Hct g/dL or % 32%-36%

What are the 3 erythrocyte indices:

-Mean cell/corpuscular volume (MCV) -Mean cell/corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) -Mean cell/corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

List some variations in shape of erythrocytes:

-acanthocytes -blister cells -echinocytes -elliptocytes -keratocytes -ovalocytes -schistocytes -sickle cells (drepanocytes) -target cells (codocytes) -spherocytes -teardrops (dacryocytes)

Describe the erythrocyte appearance in iron deficiency anemia:

-microcytic -hypochromic

4 types of erythrocyte inclusions:

-parasites -nonparasitic inclusions -basophilic stippling -punctate stippling

4 Malaria species capable of infected humans:

-plasmodium vivax -plasmodium falciparum -plasmodium malariae -plasmodium ovale

Variations from normal RBCs can be classified as what 5:

-variation in size -variation in shape -alteration in color -inclusions in the erythrocyte -alterations to the erythrocyte distribution

A normal erythrocyte has an average diameter of _______ with a usual variation of ____________

7.2 µm 6.8 to 7.5 µm

A normal erythrocyte has an average diameter of_________ µm with a usual variation of________________ µm

7.5 6.2-8.2

These type of inclusions are 0.2 to 2.0 micro meters in size and can be seen with a stain such as crystal violet or brilliant cresyl blue; they represent precipitated, denatured hemoglobin; they are clinically associated, hemolytic anemias secondary to drugs such as phenacetin, and some hemoglobinopathies

Heinz bodies

These type of inclusions are round, solid-staining, dark-blue to purple inclusions (only one or two), 1-2 micro meters in size; they are nuclear remnants predominantly composed of DNA and not seen in normal erythrocytes ; this remnant DNA is normally pitted out by the macrophages in the spleen, so their presence are a sign of splenic dysfunction or absence

Howell-Jolly bodies

These type of inclusions may be observed in Wright-stained smears as three to four purple dots aggregated in one area of the cell; they are infrequently seen in peripheral blood smears; they are aggregates of the mitochondria, ribosomes, and iron particles; they are clinically associated with iron-loading anemias, hyposplenism, and hemolytic anemias

Pappenheimer bodies

A general term for a variation in the normal coloration is ________________

anisochromia

The ___________________ are used to mathematically define cell size and the concentration of hemoglobin within the cell

erythrocytes indices

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

expresses the average concentration of hemoglobin per unit volume of erythrocytes. It is also defined as the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of erythrocytes

mean corpuscular volume

expresses the average volume (size) of an erythrocyte

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

expresses the average weight (content) of hemoglobin in an average erythrocyte. It is directly proportional to the amount of hemoglobin and the size of the erythrocyte

A more specific term, _______________, is more commonly used when the central pallor exceeds 1/3 of the cell's diameter

hypochromia

basophilic stippling

inclusions that appear as tiny, round, solid-staining, dark-blue granules; the granules are usually evenly distributed throughout the cell and often require careful examination to detect them; consisted of RNA

punctate stippling

inclusions that are granules that are larger than the fine form and are considered to be more serious in terms of pathological significance

macrocytic

larger than normal erythrocytes (MCV > 96 fL)

A normal erythrocyte has a moderately pinkish-red appearance with a lighter-colored center when stained with a conventional blood stain; the color reflects the amount of hemoglobin present in the cell; the lighter color in the middle, thinner portion of the cell does not normally exceed one third of the cell's diameter and is referred to as the central pallor; under these conditions, the erythrocyte is referred to as ________________

normochromic

Normal size can be referred to as _______________; it can also be classified as MCV falling between 80 and 96 fL

normocytic

The term _________________ is used when a nonnucleated erythrocyte has a faintly blue-orange color when stained with Wright's stain

polychromatophilia

A ______________ lacks the full amount of hemoglobin, and the blue color is caused by diffusely distributed residual RNA in the cytoplasm

reticulocytes

________________ is associated with the presence of circulating cryoglobulins or paraproteins

rouleaux formation

Leishmania spp. is caused by ____________

sand flies

Pappenheimer bodies and _______________ are probably identical structures; they are dark-staining paritcles of iron in the erythrocyte that are visible with a special iron stain-Prussian blue; they appear as blue dots and represent ferric (Fe3+) ions; they can be visualized around the nucleus in ringed sideroblasts and sideroblastic anemias, refactory anemias, and iron overload conditions

siderotic granules in BM

microcytic

smaller than normal erythrocytes (MCV < 80 fL)

_______________ represents granules composed of ribosomes and RNA that are precipitated during the process of staining of a blood smear; it is associated clinically with disturbed erythropoiesis, lead poisoning, and severe anemias

stippling

chromia

suffix meaning alteration in color of erythrocytes

poikilocytosis

the general term for mature erythrocytes tat have a shape other than the normal round, biconcave appearance on a stained blood smear, or variations

Babesia microti is transmitted by ___________

ticks

poikilocytosis

variation in shape of erythrocytes

anisocytosis

variation in size of erythrocytes