Hesi Case study Urinary

To encourage voiding, the RN instructs the UAP to perform what intervention?

Turn on the tap so water is running when the client attempts to void. Correct Running water often stimulates the urge to void, as does placing the client's hands in warm water.

5. Following an episode of incontinence, the nurse washes the client's perineal area with mild soap and water and applies a water-repellent ointment to the skin. Mr. Ellis' wife is present and the nurse uses this opportunity to educate her about proper skin care to prevent breakdown. Which of the following statements made by Mrs. Ellis indicates that teaching has been effective?

"Washing the area with mild soap and water followed by ointment can help to protect my husband's skin." Correct Mild soap and warm water should be used to cleanse the skin followed by a protective ointment. These water-repellent ointments help protect the skin from the acidic effects of urine.

11. Mr. Ellis returns from the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) after his surgical procedure. He has an IV of LR infusing at 125 mL/hr, O2 at 2 L/min per nasal cannula, and an indwelling catheter attached to a drainage bag. Four hours later, the nurse documents Mr. Ellis' intake/output. The LR solution antibiotic that runs in 150 mL of normal saline. Mr. Ellis is still NPO after the procedure. has been running for 4 hours, and the nurse administers and IV How does the nurse document Mr. Ellis' intake in mL? (Enter numerical value only. If rounding is necessary, round to the whole number?)

1. 650 150 mL x 4 = 500 mL of LR 500 mL + 150 mL (antibiotic) = 650 mL

The nursing staff continues with the bladder-training program, but Mr. Ellis' incontinence shows little improvement. Since the bladder training has not been successful, the nurse obtains a prescription to apply a condom catheter. Mr. Ellis is able to ambulate with assistance. In what order should the prescribed condom catheter be applied to Mr. Ellis? (Arrange the options in the order they should be performed with the first action on top and the last action on the bottom.)

1. Clean and dry the penis. 2. Wrap the adhesive spirally around the shaft of the penis. 3. Place the rolled condom over the glans penis and unroll it gently over the penis. 4. Attach a large leg drainage bag to reduce the frequency of bag emptying while the client is ambulatory.

The student nurse instills a total of 60 mL of the correct solution and withdraws 40 mL of fluid containing several small blood clots. The student nurse then empties 200 mL from the urinary drainage bag. What urinary output should be recorded? (Enter the numerical value only. If rounding is required, round to the whole number.)

180 The student instilled 20 mL more than was withdrawn, so that amount must be subtracted from the volume emptied from the drainage bag. 200 mL 20 mL = 180 mL The nurse may instill the irrigant without withdrawing any fluid. In that circumstance, the entire amount of the irrigant must be subtracted from the amount of fluid emptied from the drainage bag to obtain an accurate measurement of the client's urinary output.

24. Mr. Ellis' indwelling catheter is removed by the nurse on the morning of Mr. Ellis' anticipated discharge. The nurse instructs the UAP to report if Mr. Ellis has not voided within how many hours? (Enter numerical value only. If rounding is necessary, round to the whole number.)

8 The client should void within 6 to 8 hours after catheter removal, If the client has not urinated by 8 hours post removal, further intervention may be required.

Mr. Ellis' incontinence continues. Use of the condom staff takes Mr. Ellis to the bathroom every 2 hours, he occasionally wets his catheter is resumed until Mr. Ellis develops localized dermatitis, The condom clothing. The nurse enters Mr. Ellis' room and finds him crying catheter is removed temporarily to promote healing, and although the nursing What is the best initial response by the nurse to this behavior?

Acknowledge to Mr. Ellis the distress that he is experiencing. Correct Acknowledgment of a client's distress is a therapeutic and caring response. This should be the first action implemented by the nurse.

Mr. Ellis is responsive but confused and frequently pulls on the urinary catheter. The nurse observes obvious hematuria in the drainage bag and notes the presence of several blood clots in the tubing. How should the nurse document this situation?

Client is confused and pulls on the Foley catheter. Urine is pinkish-red with blood clots. Correct This recording is concise but complete, providing objective data that describes the current situation.

The RN encourages the student nurse to perform the irrigation. The student prepares the solution, applies gloves, clamps the distal tubing, and begins to clean the specimen port on the drainage tubing. What action should the nurse take?

Encourage the student nurse to continue, maintaining aseptic technique. Correct The student nurse is performing the procedure correctly. Irrigation may also be performed by opening the connection between the catheter and the drainage tubing, but opening that connection increases the risk of contamination.

13. Mr. Ellis' hematuria continues. Two hours later, he becomes restless and appears to be in pain. The nurse observes that there has been no urinary output during the last 2 hours. Which assessment should the nurse complete first?

Evaluate the urinary drainage tubing. Correct The client has had no urine output in 2 hours, he has been experiencing blood clots in his urine, and he is in obvious discomfort. The nurse should first consider that the catheter tubing is obstructed and assess for kinks or pressure on the tubing that might cause an obstruction. The nurse should also note the presence of any observable blood clots, which can also obstruct urine flow. This simple nơninvasive measure could easily identify and immediately resolve the client's discomfort.

Since Mr. Ellis now voids spontaneously without recognizing the need to void, how should the nurse document his current urinary pattern in the medical chart

Incontinence. Incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine. In the case of this client, it may be the result of neurologic impairment secondary to the stroke

Mr. Ellis voids after the catheter is removed and he is discharged from the acute care facility and transferred changed to an oral medication. Mr. Ellis has some difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and the nurse is considering the best technique to help Mr. Ellis swallow the medication. to the fong-term care facility. Since he no longer has an IV, the prescription for his antibiotic is Before deciding to open the capsule and mix it with food, what will the nurse need to determine?

Is the medication in extended-release form? Correct An extended-release medication is formulated for gradual absorption in the body. Opening or crushing the medication will adversely affect this action. TARE O

When Mr. Ellis is calm, the nurse assigns the UAP to help him into dry clothing. Several minutes later, the nurse walks down the hall and sees the UAP in the room changing Mr. Ellis' clothes. The nurse enters the room and assesses the situation. Which aspect of the situation requires the nurse's most immediate intervention?

Mr. Ellis' room door is open to the hallway. Correct This is disrespectful, demeaning, and an invasion of the client's privacy. It should be corrected immediately.

The nurse is unable to resolve the catheter obstruction using noninvasive measures and notifies the healthcare provider (HCP), who prescribes bladder irrigation to dislodge any blood clots obstructing the urine flow. The nurse anticipates that the prescription will include the use of which sterile solution to irrigate the catheter?

O Normal saline. An isotonic saline is a sterile normal solution that can be used for internal organ irrigations such as the bladder or stomach.

14. The nurse is unable to resolve the catheter obstruction using noninvasive bladder irrigation to dislodge any blood clots obstructing the urine flow,. measures and notifies the healthcare provider (HCP), who prescribes The nurse anticipates that the prescription will include the use of which sterile solution to irrigate the catheter?

O Normal saline. Correct An isotonic saline is a sterile normal solution that can be used for internal organ irrigations such as the bladder or stomach.

To help manage Mr. Ellis' incontinence, the nurse initiates a bladder training program, Which instruction should the nurse provide to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who will be helping care for Mr. Ellis?

O Remind the client to void every 2 hours while awake and to call for assistance to the bathroom. Correct A toileting schedule is an effective means to retrain the bladder. Bladder training should start with voiding every 2 hours in the daytime and every 4 hours at night and then be adapted to the individual needs. The call bell should be near the client so that he can ring the bell for assistance to prevent the risk of falling.

Which diagnostic test result would make the nurse concerned that the client is at risk for sepsis?

O Urine culture shows resistance to the prescribed antibiotic. Correct If the microorganisms causing the urinary tract infection are resistant to the prescribed antibiotic, the antibiotic is ineffective, and the client is at risk for sepsis, or generalized infection.

7. The nurse consults with the pharmacist, who determines that the capsule can be opened and mixed with a food that the client likes. Which technique should the nurse use?

Open the capsule and mix the medication with pudding. Correct Opening the capsule allows the client to receive the medication enclosed. Pudding is a safe consistency for most clients with dysphagia, who typically have more difficulty swallowing liquids than semi-soft foods.

Urinalysis results are as follows: o pH: 8.5 o Specific gravity: 1.015 o Protein: none • Glucose: none o WBCS: 8 o RBCS: 2 o Bacteria: present Based on the urinalysis results, the HCP prescribes a broad-spectrum antibiotic. After 24 hours of receiving the antibiotic, Mr. Ellis' condition has not improved. What additional nursing intervention should the nurse implement?

Provide a glass of cranberry juice daily. The pH of the client's urine is elevated, indicating alkaline urine. Cranberry juice is believed to increase the acidity of urine, providing a less desirable environment for bacterial growth.

18. The nurse notifies the HCP and obtains a prescription for wrist restraints. The nurse applies the restraints and plans to monitor the client every 30 minutes. Which assessments are most important for the nurse to perform at each of these times? (Select all that apply.)

Pulse rate and volume in the wrists. Correct Assessment of distal circulation (including pulse volume, color, warmth, and sensation) must be assessed every 30 minutes, and the restraints must be removed at least every 2 hours to allow for range of motion. Skin integrity and pulse volume of the restrained extremities. Correct Wrist restraints can impede circulation, causing tissue damage under the restraint and distal to the restraint. Skin integrity and assessment of distal circulation (including pulse volume, color, warmth, and sensation) must be assessed every 30 minutes, and the restraints must be removed at least every 2 hours to allow for range of motion.

After several weeks, the bladder training program is unsuccessful in stopping Mr. Ellis' incontinence. Mr. Ellis appears withdrawn and states that he is frustrated at the number of episodes that he is having.

Risk for impaired skin integrity related to urinary incontinence. Correct The skin of the client with urinary incontinence is frequently exposed to urine, which is irritating to the skin and places the client at risk for impaired skin integrity. The nurse understands that a Braden Scale assessment should be completed on this client and that every effort should be made to prevent the development of pressure ulcers. Ineffective coping related to inability to control urine leakage. Correct Mr. Ellis' withdrawn behavior and statements of frustration are evidence that he may be having a difficult time dealing with his incontinence.

The catheter is successfully placed in the bladder with a return of 200 mL of clear, yellow urine. The catheter is secured and Mr. Ellis is resting comfortably. In documenting the catheter insertion procedure, which statement should be included?

• 16 French Foley catheter inserted with return of clear, yellow urine. Correct This statement includes the best objective data, including the size of the catheter and the outcome of the procedure. In addition, the nurse should also document how the client tolerated the procedure and the client's condition following completion of the procedure.

9. The student obtains a 16 French Foley catheter from the supply begin. After cleansing the urinary meatus, the student nurse maintains sterile technique While inflating the balloon, Mr. Ellis cries out in obvious pain. room. The student nurse explains the procedure to Mr. Ellis, who gives permission to while inserting the catheter into the urethra about 4 inches. What action should the student nurse take?

• Deflate the balloon and insert the catheter farther. Correct The catheter has not been inserted far enough, and the pressure of the inflated balloon in the urethra is painful. Since the student nurse has maintained aseptic technique, the balloon can be deflated and the catheter inserted farther. Typically, the catheter should be inserted 6 to 9 inches to ensure proper placement in the adult male.

22. After reviewing Mr. Ellis' diagnostic test results, the nurse creatinine level is elevated, the nurse is concerned about which problem in administering the medication? consults with the HCP and receives a prescription for a new antibiotic.

• Drug toxicity due to reduced drug excretion. Correct An elevated creatinine level reflects a problem with the kidneys. If the kidneys are unable to excrete drug molecules efficiently, the drug will remain in the body for a prolonged period of time, which may result in drug toxicity.

The nurse notes that the medication dosage is in the safe range for elderly clients, which is to be administered by IV every 12 hours. The nurse recognizes that the frequency of drug administration is based on which characteristic of the medication?

• Half-life. Correct Half-life describes the length of time required to reduce a drug level to one half of its initial value. Drugs with shorter half-lives will have to be given more frequently than those with longer half-lives.

1. Mr. Ellis states that prior to his stroke, he would get up five or six times during the night to empty his bladder but that he was able to control the urge long enough to make it to the bathroom. How should the nurse describe the urinary pattern that Mr. Ellis is describing?

• Nocturia. This specifically refers to voiding frequently at night. The incidence of nocturia increases greatly in the older male client who has an enlarged prostate. It may also indicate an inability to concentrate urine because of poor blood flow to the kidneys.

or blood clots are 19. Mr. Ellis' confusion decreases, and 12 hours later the nurse is able to remove the wrist restraints. observed in Mr. Ellis' urine. However, the nurse does observe that the urine has developed a cloudy appearance. Which action By the third postoperative day, no further hematuria should the nurse implement?

• Obtain a sterile urine specimen. Correct Urine develops a cloudy appearance when a urinary tract infection has developed. A sterile specimen is needed to detect an infection and identify microorganisms.

8. The nurse reviews factors that may impact catheter insertion with the student nurse. Which physiologic change that commonly occurs in elderly males may affect insertion of the catheter?

• Prostate gland enlargement. Correct The prostate gland often begins to enlarge after a male client reaches the age of 40, making urethral catheterization more difficult if the gland compresses the urethra.

cannula. The nurse During the catheter irrigation, the nurse observes that Mr. Ellis is still confused and attempts considers the use of wrist restraints on the basis of which rationale?

• The client is at risk for self-injury. Correct Risk of self-injury is a reasonable rationale for the use of physical restraints. However, all other safety measures should be attempted before physically restraining a client.

Mr. Ellis is admitted to the acute care facility for minor student nurse is assigned to care for Mr. Ellis. The nursing instructor asks the student nurse to prepare to insert the indwelling catheter under surgery. His preoperative prescriptions include the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter. A supervision. What is the first step in the proper placement of an indwelling urinary catheter for a male client?

• Wash perineal area with soap and water. Correct The student nurse should first wash the entire perineal area with soap and water before applying antiseptic or lubricant.