HESI Quiz: Cardiovascular, Hematologic, and Lymphatic Systems

When the nurse in the postanesthesia care unit is caring for a client who had major abdominal surgery, which finding may indicate postoperative bleeding? 1. Oliguria 2. Bradypnea 3. Pulse deficit 4. Hypoglycemia

1. Oliguria Bleeding leads to poor renal perfusion and compensatory mechanisms that cause sodium and water retention, leading to decreased urine output.

Which laboratory test is most important for the nurse to monitor when a client is admitted with acute coronary syndrome? 1. Troponin 2. Myoglobin 3. Homocysteine 4. Creatine kinase (CK)

1. Troponin Troponins are released into circulation within 2 to 4 hours after myocardial infarction (MI) and are not found in healthy adults, so elevated troponin levels indicate myocardial necrosis.

When a client who is receiving chemotherapy develops myelosuppression, which information will the nurse include in client teaching? 1. Increase calcium and vitamin D intake. 2. Minimize risk for infection and bleeding. 3. Exercise frequently to improve energy level. 4. Use antiemetic's to prevent nausea and vomiting.

2. Minimize risk for infection and bleeding. Suppression of bone marrow causes decreased number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets and leads to fatigue, increased infection risk, and increased bleeding risk.

When a client with syncope from a vagal response asks why it is important to avoid bearing down during a bowel movement, which response by the nurse is correct? 1. "Straining can decrease blood flow to your brain because it is filling hemorrhoids." 2. "Trouble moving your bowels is stressing your heart and may lead to a heart attack." 3. "Bearing down stimulates a nerve response that decreases your heart rate and blood pressure." 4. "Difficulty with a bowel movement means you are dehydrated, which causes low blood pressure."

3. "Bearing down stimulates a nerve response that decreases your heart rate and blood pressure." Bearing down stimulates a vagal nerve response that results in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure leading to syncope (loss of consciousness).

Which finding about a client's angina is most important for the nurse to communicate to the health care provider? 1. Causes mild perspiration 2. Occurs after moderate exercise 3. Continues after rest and nitroglycerin 4. Precipitates discomfort in the arms and jaw

3. Continues after rest and nitroglycerin When neither rest nor nitroglycerin relieves the pain, the client may be experiencing acute coronary syndrome and need rapid diagnostic testing and actions to treat coronary occlusion.

Which finding in a client who has just returned to the nursing unit after having right upper lobectomy requires the most rapid action by the nurse? 1. 100 mL of blood in the chest tube drainage chamber 2. Complaint of 9/10 (0 to 10 scale) right side chest pain 3. Deviation of the client's trachea to the left side 4. Decreased breath sounds on the client's right side

3. Deviation of the client's trachea to the left side Deviation of the trachea indicates increased intrathoracic pressure on the right, causing compression of the heart, aorta, and superior and inferior vena cava and leading to decreased cardiac output.

After consistently obtaining a blood pressure of 140/76 mm Hg for a client, which stage of hypertension will the nurse document? 1. Normal 2. Elevated 3. Stage 1 4. Stage 2

4. Stage 2 According to the current American College of Cardiology guidelines, systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg is classified as stage 2 hypertension.

When a client with liver dysfunction reports bleeding gums and the nurse observes small facial hemorrhagic lesions, which vitamin would the nurse anticipate that the client may need? 1. Vitamin C 2. Folic acid 3. Vitamin A 4. Vitamin K

4. Vitamin K Petechiae represent evidence of capillary bleeding; the diseased liver is no longer able to metabolize vitamin K, a process that is necessary to activate blood-clotting factors.