hey si

A healthy percentage of body fat for women is

23-30%.

Candice currently consumes about 2800 kcal/day. To lose 1 pound of weight in a week, she would need to consume _____ kcal/day.

2300

Lucinda is a healthy, physically active young woman whose energy requirement is 2750 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

2750 kcal

According to American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines, healthy Americans under 65 years of age should engage in ______ minutes of moderate intensity physical activity, five days a week.

30

Chester's BMI is 35.3. According to his food records, he consumes an average of 3600 kcal/day. He would like to lose 4 pounds in 4 weeks by reducing his caloric intake. Based on this information, Chester should consume an average of _____ kcal/day.

3100

A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal.

3500

A low-birth weight newborn weighs less than _____ pounds.

5.5

Basal metabolism accounts for approximately ______ of a person's total daily energy use.

50-70%

Kelley has cystic fibrosis. Without proper treatment, she has a high risk of vitamin _____ deficiency because of her disease.

A

Which of the following vitamins is fat soluble?

A

Which vitamin is essential for night vision?

A

You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish religion. Which of the following foods would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

A cheese ball made with cream cheese, grated cheddar cheese, and walnuts.

Which weight loss drug has been approved by the FDA and can improve weight loss when combined with calorie restriction and exercise?

Orlistat

Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate meal for an athlete?

Pasta with fresh vegetables

_____ refers to the ability of a person to perform moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities without becoming excessively fatigued.

Physical fitness

Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?

Potassium

_____ often transmit pathogens to food.

Rats, flies, cockroaches (all of the above)

Which of the following medical procedures involves stapling across the upper part of the patient's stomach to create a small pouch?

Rou-en-Y gastric bypass

In 2009 over 2000 different products containing peanuts were removed from store shelves because of the potential for?

Salmonella.

Which of the following statements is true?

Saltwater fish are reliable sources of iodide.

Which of the following conditions is associated with the abuse of anabolic steroids?

Sleep disturbances

_____ is the primary function of white adipose cells.

Storing fat

Which of the following statements about vitamin D is true?

The body can form vitamin D as a result of exposing skin to sunlight.

Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia. What treatment would her doctor recommend?

Vitamin B-12 injections

Which of the following statements is true?

Vitamin B-6 is toxic when taken in large doses.

Which of the following statements about vitamin E is true?

Vitamin E is an antioxidant.

Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most fat?

Walking for an hour

Water

Water helps regulate body temperature. is a major component of blood. is a solvent. [All of these choices are correct.]

Which of the following statements is true?

Water is a major component of blood, sweat, and tears.

Bacteria

_______ are simple, single-celled microorganisms.

Anna would like to offer a high-fiber, nutrient-dense snack to her healthy 4-year-old son. Based on this information, she should serve

a small unpeeled apple that has been cut into wedges.

Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should

add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil.

Although Chloe's BMI is 17.3, she complains about being "too fat" and is a picky eater. She exercises excessively and wears layers of clothing, even in warm weather. Based on this information, she is probably suffering from

anorexia nervosa.

E. coli O157:H7 is a type of

bacteria

Which of the following characteristics is not a major risk factor for eating disorders?

being male

Deep yellow, dark green and orange fruits and vegetables are rich sources of

beta-carotene.

Most pathogenic microbes that cause food-borne illness are likely to multiply rapidly when the temperature is

between 40 and 140 degrees F.

The body needs vitamin K for

blood clot formation.

According to the "set point theory," a person's

body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter.

The _____ is based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat.

body mass index

Which type of body fat distribution is more likely to contribute to heart disease and type 2 diabetes?

central body obesity

James has Northern European ancestry, is underweight, and smokes cigarettes. Which of his characteristics increases his risk of hypertension?

cigarette smoking

In the body, B vitamins play necessary roles as components of

coenzymes.

Which of the following dietary supplements has been scientifically shown to enhance performance of sprinters and weightlifters?

creatine

Franco made dinner for his roommates. The meal included a baked cut-up chicken, fruit salad, and stir-fried rice with mixed vegetables. About 8 hours after eating dinner, Franco and his roommates experienced nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and diarrhea. Based on this information, Franco probably

did not wash the knife that he used to cut up the chicken before using it to cut up the fruit.

BMI

does not account for body composition, particularly the weight of muscle tissue.

During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed

eclampsia.

Which form of energy expenditure can be altered most easily and safely?

energy for physical activity

A person's _____ does not influence the amount of energy he or she uses while performing physical activity.

ethnic ancestry

When using the MyPlate web site to plan your menus, it is not necessary to provide information about your

ethnic background.

An athlete who consumes more protein than the body actually needs, or uses, will store that excess protein as

fat.

Angela is a 20-year-old college student. In addition to having a history of dental decay, she seems to break bones easily. Based on this information, Angela may need to increase her intake of

fluoride.

Corrina is a 25-year-old pregnant woman. Her need for _____ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant.

folate

Women of childbearing age can reduce their risk of having babies with neural tube defects by consuming adequate amounts of

folate

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of

folate.

Which of the following vitamins is added to grains as part of the enrichment process?

folic acid

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains

folic acid.

A ____-_____ illness is an infection caused by microscopic disease-causing agents in food.

food borne

A ____ is a highly reactive substance with an unpaired electron that can damage certain compounds in the body.

free radical

During a dental examination, the dentist notices that the enamel on the back sides of Andrew's teeth has eroded, and the some of the teeth are decaying. Based on this information, the dentist suspects that Andrew

frequently makes himself vomit after purging.

The Mediterranean Diet Pyramid is based on traditional dietary practices of Greece, southern Italy, and the island of Crete. Which of the following foods form the foundation of this diet?

fruits and vegetables (particularly potatoes and beans)

Bill is a 5′ 9′′, 40-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. Bill's physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help Bill lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.

gastric bypass

Gina is pregnant. Although Gina's physician prescribed a prenatal vitamin for her to take daily, Gina thought she could have a very healthy baby by taking extra vitamins, so she took several other dietary supplements, including those that contained vitamin A and vitamin C. As a result, her total intake of vitamin C was 250 mg/day and her total intake of vitamin A was 5000 mcg RAE/day. Based on this information, Gina is at risk of

giving birth to a baby with birth defects.

To encourage healthy eating practices among children, caregivers should

have youngsters help select and prepare new foods.

After running in a marathon race in July, Joshua felt weak and his body weight was about 3% less than before the race. Based on this information, Joshua was probably suffering from

heat-related illness.

Charcoal-broiled meats may be a source of

heterocyclic amines.

According to population studies, people who consume high-sodium diets have an increased risk of

hypertension.

Fungi

include mold, yeast, and mushrooms.

To make your exercise routine more enjoyable, the routine should

incorporate a variety of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility activities.

Caffeine

increases urine production.

Which of the following mineral elements must be added to grains during enrichment?

iron

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?

iron

When consumed with foods, vitamin C enhances the absorption of

iron.

Cameron recently began to have a lot of pain when he urinated, and he noticed blood in his urine. Based on this information, Cameron may have

kidney stones.

Which of the following organs plays a major role in regulating the body's water content and ion concentration?

kidneys

Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells convert pyruvate to

lactic acid.

Traditional Asian foods, such as Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai, and Korean cuisines feature

large amounts of vegetables, rice, or noodles combined with small amounts of meat, fish, or shellfish.

Which of the following hormones is secreted by adipose cells to reduce hunger and inhibit fat storage in the body?

leptin

Human milk is a rich source of

linoleic acid.

Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they

lose the extrusion reflex.

Major nutrition-related concerns of adolescents include _____ intakes.

low calcium

Recommended pre-event meals should be

low-fat.

Which of the following athletes will benefit most from carbohydrate loading?

marathon runner

Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he

marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken and uses the marinade to make a dipping sauce for the chicken.

Dana suffers from iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following foods would not be useful for helping improve her body's iron status?

milk

Which of the following foods is a good dietary source of retinol (preformed vitamin A)?

milk

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

milk

Compared to infant formulas, breast milk contains _____ per ounce.

more cholesterol

Nicotinic acid, a form of _____, may be prescribed to lower a person's LDL cholesterol level.

niacin

Phil is a vegan who eats primarily corn, potatoes, molasses, fruit juice, and diet soft drinks. He doesn't consume enriched breads and cereals, and he avoids nutrient supplements. After following this diet for several months, Phil noticed his skin was peeling around his neck and on his hands. Also, he is weak and suffers from frequent diarrhea. Based on this information, Phil is likely to be suffering from a _____ deficiency.

niacin

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is

night blindness.

In the United States, _____ are more likely to be overweight or obese than other adults.

non-Hispanic black women

Gerry has a BMI of 32.5. According to his BMI, his weight is in the _____ range.

obese

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

oil

To reduce the risk of baby bottle caries, infants should be given

only water in a baby bottle at bedtime.

Water can pass through a selectively permeable membrane by

osmosis.

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of

osteomalacia.

Jenna is a 63-year-old woman who rarely consumes milk or milk products. Her physician is concerned that Jenna's diet is deficient in calcium. Based on this information, Jenna's physician should test her for

osteoporosis.

Samantha's BMI is 26.6, which is in the _____ range.

overweight

B vitamins function as

parts of coenzymes.

Elsa's body lacks the ability to form intrinsic factor. As a result, she has high risk of

pernicious anemia.

Cindy is pregnant with her first baby. Recently, she began to eat clay from a whole that she dug in her yard. Cindy's behavior is an example of

pica

People who follow Islamic dietary rules will not consume

pork

Aaron has pre-hypertension. To help lower his blood pressure, he should consume foods that are high in

potassium.

Although Tim's body is not zinc deficient, he takes large doses of zinc because his best friend told him it will enhance his athletic performance. He is likely to experience _____ as a result of this practice.

reduced HDL levels

Intracellular water

refers to the fluid within cells.

Most vitamin absorption occurs in the

small intestine.

Belva is 83 years of age. Her _____ is likely to have a negative influence her nutritional status.

social isolation

In the United States, the diets of many school-age children supply too much

sodium.

Margaret is 87 years of age. Compared to when she was 27 years of age, her _____ now.

stomach secretes less intrinsic factor

Adipose cells

store fat. expand as a body gains weight. can develop in adulthood.

In general, fat-soluble vitamins are

stored in the liver and in body fat.

"Cellulite" is

subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance.

Damon has a chronic illness, and to treat the condition, he takes an antibiotic every day. Despite his illness, Damon's diet is nutritionally adequate, and he exercises regularly. Based on this information, Damon may need to

take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin K.

Which of the following foods contains the highest percentage of water, by weight?

tomato

A person's risk of _____ increases as his or her BMI approaches or exceeds the obese range.

type 2 diabetes

If the body lacks _____, the level of homocysteine in blood may increase and contribute to cardiovascular disease.

vitamin B-6

In the United States, newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____.

vitamin K; bleeding

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary

water conservation.

Excess fluid consumption can result in a condition called

water intoxication.

Cells capture energy in the form of

ATP

_____ is the primary source of direct energy ("energy currency") for cells.

ATP

____ is a form of vigorous physical activity.

Aerobic dancing

_____ are poisonous substances produced by certain molds that can cause liver damage and death.

Aflatoxins

Which of the following macronutrients can be metabolized for ATP production?

All of the above PROTEINS, FATS, AND SUGAR (Hate this question!)

Night eating syndrome ______________.

All of the above.

When choosing a reliable weight-loss plan, you should check to see if it

All of the above.

Which of the following are common signs of water intoxication.

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following foods is a source of folate?

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following physical complaints is a symptom/sign of heat exhaustion?

All of these choices are correct.

Carlos has a condition called xerophthalmia. Which of the following foods should he consume to treat this disorder?

All of these choices are correct. Liver green beans

Which of the following statements is true?

All of these statements are true.

____ can be metabolized for ATP production.

Amino acids

Which eating disorder is characterized by self-imposed starvation?

Anorexia nervosa

adenosine triphosphate B. high-energy compound, major direct energy source for cells anaerobic C. conditions that lack free oxygen lactic acid D. compound formed from pyruvate during anaerobic metabolism ergogenic aids A. foods, devices, dietary supplements, or drugs used to improve physical performance.

Answers on front.

Which of the following statements about parathyroid hormone is true?

As a result of parathyroid hormone stimulation, intestinal calcium absorption increases.

Which of the following vitamins is water soluble?

B-12

_____ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time.

Bariatric surgery

You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish, Islamic, and Mormon religions. Which of the following foods would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

Bean dip

In the Hindu religious dietary practices, which one of the following intakes is forbidden?

Beef

_____ fat cells use fat for generating heat.

Brown

Substances in foods that act as antioxidants include vitamins

C and E.

Excess body fat increases the risk of

CVD, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.

Which mineral may improve insulin's action on cell membranes in a person with diabetes?

Chromium

_____ enhances the action of insulin in the body.

Chromium

Which of the following statements is true?

Compared to slender adults, overweight adults are usually more uncomfortable when environmental temperatures are high.

Which of the following statements is true?

Dehydration can result in declines in an athlete's strength and endurance.

In the United States, which of the following federal agencies enforces food safety laws for domestic and imported meat products?

Department of Agriculture

Which of the following statements is true?

During pregnancy, a woman's intestinal tract is able to absorb more calcium than prior to pregnancy.

An undercooked hamburger patty is the most likely source of

E. coli O157:H7.

Compared to non-athletes, athletes generally need more

Energy

Which of the following statements is true?

Energy drinks generally contain sugars and high amounts of caffeine.

A food's odor is the best way to determine if it is safe to eat.

False

According to a recent national survey, most Americans consume adequate amounts of calcium.

False

Freezing a food kills any pathogenic bacteria it may contain.

False

Most dietitians recommend consuming beer to prevent dehydration.

False

One of your friends is taking a weight-loss supplement containing ephedra. Such supplements are FDA-recommended for individuals trying to lose up to 10 pounds.

False

The best way to retain the water-soluble vitamins in fresh vegetables is to cut the produce into small pieces and cook them in plenty of water.

False

Gabby has been running at a moderate intensity for 25 minutes. What is her primary fuel source at this time?

Fatty acids

_________ is a condition characterized by low energy intakes, abnormal menstrual cycles, and bone mineral irregularities.

Female athlete triad

You are planning a party for a group of 22-year-old college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Mormon religion. Which of the following beverages would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

Fruit punch made with orange juice, limes, and carbonated water.

In the United States, municipal governments often add _____ to public water supplies, because the mineral contributes to teeth that resist dental cavity formation.

Fuoride

On her last camping trip, Jenny swallowed some water when she swam in a lake. Two days later, she suddenly experienced severe abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. Based on this information, Jenny probably is infected with

Giardia

Which of the following nutrients can be metabolized for ATP production?

Glucose

_____ is the process in which glucose is converted into pyruvate.

Glycolysis

Which of the following actions is the best way to increase your aerobic capacity?

Gradually increase the intensity of your workout.

Muscle fatigue may result from _____ accumulation in working muscles.

H+

Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body has adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status?

He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene.

_____ is the most dangerous form of heat illness.

Heatstroke

_____ form when muscle cells convert lactic acid to lactate.

Hydrogen ions

Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health. After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class, which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?

Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage.

An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program

Intensive workout.

Emma consumes milk and milk products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs, or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads, and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks

Iron

Which food has the highest water percent by weight?

Lettuce

_____ is a surgical technique that removes localized pockets of fat tissue.

Liposuction

Which of the following statements is true?

Liver, meat, fish, and poultry are rich sources of vitamin B-6.

Dana suffers from iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following foods would not be useful for helping improve her body's iron status?

Milk

Which of the following foods contains calcium that is the most bioavailable?

Milk

_____ are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of cells because most of the energy stored in macronutrients is released in them.

Mitochondria

Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women?

Morning sickness

_____ is the iron-containing protein in muscle cells that controls oxygen uptake from red blood cells.

Myoglobin

Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high. To lower her cholesterol level, she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement, but she experienced severe facial flushing and liver damage as a result. Based on this information, which vitamin did she take?

Niacin

Which of the following activities is an example of an aerobic activity?

None of these choices are correct.

Which of the following factors increase a person's basal metabolic rate?

None of these choices are correct.

According to scientific research involving animals, _____ can extend one's life.

None of these is correct.

Elizabeth is 90 years of age. Compared to when she was 30 years of age, her _____ now.

None of these is correct.

Preschool children who _____ have a high risk of obesity.

None of these is correct.

Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to

skip breakfast.

Hands should be washed with hot and soapy water for at least ____ seconds before and after touching food.

20 seconds.

According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young adults is approximately _____ cups/day.

11 to 15.5

Which of the following blood pressure values is normal?

118/75 mmHg

Which of the following beverages supplies the most caffeine per serving?

16 oz Starbucks Coffee Grande

Meat should be cooked until the internal temperature reaches at least _____ in order to kill microorganisms that could be harmful to a person's health.

165 degrees Fahrenheit

A "healthy" body mass index is

18.5-24.9.

After a meal, the leftovers should be refrigerated or frozen within _____ hours.

2 Hours.

Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ____ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly.

20

Which of the following statements is false?

The liver produces a hormone that regulates the metabolic rate.

Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, pepper, bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients?

The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, becoming part of the soup in the process.

_____ is the energy the body uses to digest, absorb, and process the nutrients in foods and beverages.

Thermic effect of food

What is the main goal of the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?

To provide physical activity recommendations to help Americans reduce the risk of developing a chronic disease

_____ is a type of parasitic worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked pork, bear, or seal meat.

Trichinella

Dehydration increases the likelihood of forming kidney stones.

True

Depression in older adults often leads to weight loss and nutrient deficiencies.

True

In the United States, local health departments are responsible for inspecting restaurants and grocery stores to ensure they meet food safety standards.

True

Water intoxication results from drinking large amounts of water in a short period of time.

True

Which of the following statements is true?

Unlike macronutrients, a person does not obtain any kilocalories from consuming vitamins.

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for

breathing.

Christine loves to eat canned salmon and sardines. These fish are good sources of

calcium.

Leonard has a disease that affects his body's ability to produce antidiuretic hormone. As a result of this disorder, his

respond to glucose. kidneys conserve water by reducing urine production. liver synthesizes more cholesterol to produce bile. [None of these choices are correct]

Exposing milk to light can reduce its _____ content.

riboflavin

Blake is a college student who doesn't eat fruits and vegetables. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, meat, cheese, and milk. Furthermore, he doesn't take dietary supplements. Based on this information, Blake is at risk of

scurvy

Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.

secretion of intrinsic factor

Calcitonin

signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood.

Which of the following techniques uses special calipers to ascertain a person's percentage of body fat?

skinfold thickness measurements