HHS 101 MIDTERM - Skaff

What is athletic training?

- "A profession of HEALTH CARE professionals who collaborate with PHYSICIANs to optimize patient and client activity and participation in athletics, work, and life" - NATA.

AT - Physician Relationship

- AT function under a physicians direction (direction vs. supervision) -AT have ability to be employed as physician extender.

50) The job market outlook for medical lab scientists is very good based on which of the following reasons:

- Currently there is a job vacancy rate of 10-20% -Projections indicate a need for approximately 13,000 new medical lab techs. -There are only 4,100 new graduates in this field each year. -It is possible to complete this degree in less than four years of college. (ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE GREAT REASONS)

How to become an AT

- Graduate from a CAATE (accredited athletic training education program) -Entry level bachelors program. -Entry level masters program. - Participate in min. 2 years of academic clinical education under ATC supervision. - MUST pass BOC exam to become an ATC and eligible to practice in 44 states.

AT Post-Cert

- Maintain certification by continuing education units (CEU's). -50 CEU's every 2 years. -Taking classes, conferences, presentations, etc. - Stay current with CPR.

AT Injury/ Illness Prevention

- Screen for injury/illness risk factors. -Design/implement prevention programs. -Design/implement emergency action plans. -Monitor environment for dangerous weather. -Inspect facilities and equipment for safety. -Apply prophylactic and protective equipment.

AT Treatment/Rehab

- Select, apply, and evaluate therapeutic interventions. - Recommend, fit, and apply devices to facilitate the patients recovery. - Recognize role of medications. - Provide necessary education to patients.

Life During PT School

-16 hours/semester -Irregular class schedule -Class size: 50 in Lex, 18 in Hazard. -Courses in basic sciences, PT, and other areas.

AT Salary

-AVERAGE TOTAL ANNUAL : $48,642 -Bachelor's (Least) -Doctorate (Most) -Experience = More -> higher pay.

Radiologist Assitant

-Advanced level RT (BS or MS level) -Similar to the PA track. -Specialization in Diagnostic Imaging -Preform and assist with advanced tasks. -Job outlooks Uncertain - Salary (70k-100k)

4) It is important to learn about various health professions in addition to your own because:

-An informed health career choice is more likely with this kind of information. -Healthcare professionals work together in teams. -Interdisciplinary practice improves inter-professional relationships. (ALL THE ABOVE)

Interventional Radiology Purposes

-Angiography -Biopsy -Angioplasty (stent placement) -Thrombolysis

Pharmacy Historical/Current Issues

-Challenge of accurately and fully communication what pharmacists do. -Payment for cognitive services. -Issues with supply of pharmacists. -The continuing challenge of optimal drug therapy and avoidance of misadventures.

PT Jobs

-Clinics/Hospitals -Rehab -Geriatrics -Pediatrics -Home Health -Academics -Rural/Urban -Sports/General

30) The common pre-requisites for all health professions studied so far:

-Commitment to caring for patients. -Communication skills. -Science background (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Life BEFORE PT School

-Complete UK Core -Complete pre-rec while working towards a degree. -Regular class schedule. -Part-time job and social life. -Get good grades/PT experience. -Volunteer Activities (in PT and community). -Work and play.

Sources of Ionizing Radiation

-Cosmic -Soil -Food -Radon -Artificial -Medical

Degrees Offered in PT: UK

-DPT curriculum started Aug.2006. -Admit 48-50 students in Lexington and 16-18 in Hazard at the CERH. -Curriculum lasts 3 years. -Starts in August and ends in August 3 years later. -All PT programs in US are DPT.

Medical/Health Physics RESPONCIBILITIES

-Design procedures/protocols -Patient safety -Equipment Calibration -Quality assurance reviews -Teaching -Research

45) One of the most important aspects of management in HIRING and EVALUATING employees would be:

-Developing clearly defined job descriptions -Developing clearly defined performance standards -Communicating expectations to you employees (ALL ABOVE ARE ESSENTIAL)

Diagnostic Imaging

-Diagnose disease using imaging techniques -Probe with radiation/detect the response. -Sound waves -Radio frequency waves -Xrays -Gamma rays -Record or reconstruct the image.

Radiology

-Diagnostic imaging -Nuclear medicine -Interventional Radiology

58) The basic educational degree requirement for working as a physician in the U.S. is:

-Doctor of Medicine (MD) OR -Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)

Classification of Radiation - Non-Ionizing

-Does NOT alter the chemical properties of tissues. -Sound -Radio Frequency (EM waves)

Radiation - EM Waves

-Electromagnetic Waves -Electromagnetic Spectrum

PT Pros:

-Enjoyability -Challenging physically/intellectually. -Rewarding -Education prepares student for many options in life.

Characteristics of the Successful P.T.

-Enjoys working with people. -Self Starter/Proactive -Seeks the evidence. -Enjoys a challenge. -Good communication skills. -Willing to serve others. -Team player.

AT Educational Competencies

-Evidence Based Practice -Prevention and Health Promotion -Clinical Examination and Diagnosis -Acute Care of Injury and Illness -Therapeutic Interventions -Psychological Strategies and Referral. -Healthcare Administration -Professional Development and Responsibility

AT Org./ Professional Health/Well Being

-Evidence based practice. -Compliance with state and federal laws. -Use coding and reimbursement practices. - Maintain medical records. - Abide by regulations for storage, transportation, and dispensing of medications. - Develop/implement policies and procedures for healthcare facility.

Pharmacy Education

-Evolved from apprenticeship like other professions. -Long, proud tradition of spereration from medicine. -Current professional programs are four years following pre-prof work. -Residency programs are popular. -Fellowships provide research training for practitioners. -PhD programs are available.

Options for Applying to PT Program

-Finish BS OR BA and apply. -May apply just before final semester prior to completion of degree.

54) Seriously speaking, Kimberly Scott from UK College of Medicine recommends that folks interested in a career in Medicine should:

-Get their hands dirty to help needy individuals such as in a Habitat project. -Spend time with "sick people". -Know and tell us why you want this career. (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

29) Why would anyone want to become a physical therapist?

-Great work environment -Challenging work -Terrific Salary (ANY OF THE ABOVE)

15) What learning strategy is beneficial for your learning in this course?

-Guest Speakers -Assigned Readings -Exam -Q of the day (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

51) What we know about the U.S. healthcare system is that while the cost of care is high:

-Health outcomes are not better than any other developed countries. -For the past 40 years, healthcare costs have increased at a greater rate than the economy. -Consolidation of healthcare services must be better managed. -it is also unsustainable and untenable. (ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE TRUE)

Classification of Radiation - Ionizing

-Induces chemical changes (breaks chemical bonds) -Cell killing or mutation. -X Ray/ Gamma Ray -High energy electron beams -Heavy ion beams (protons)

41) The MLS in the urinalysis lab provides information about:

-Kidney function -Diabetes -Liver disorders -Drug use (ALL OF THE ABOVE AND MORE)

Life After PT School

-Licensure Exam -Job opportunities -Salaries/Benefits -Grow in the profession and serve community. -Life long learning.

44) The most important skill(s) to develop for a successful career in health service management and hospital administration would be:

-Listening -Motivation -Communication -Know yourself (ALL ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT)

Interventional Radiology

-Minimally invasive -Image guided procedures

Pharmacy Career Oppertunities

-Most grads enter community pharmacy practice. -Institutional practice has continuously grown since WW2 -Governmental positions (USPHS,FDA,DEA, state agencies). -Pharmaceutical/medical device industry. -Insurance companies/HMO's/PBM's.

Pharmacy Licensure

-North American Licensure Exam consisting of 2 parts. -Specialty board certification has been available for nearly 40 years.

Applying to UK PT

-PTCAS -Supplemental Application -December 1 deadline, Feb. or Mar. Interviews.

Research Scientist

-PhD (possibly MS) -Radiobiology -Medical Physics -Biomedical Engineering -Biophysics

43) Which of the following are the BASIC 5 functions of management in health administration?

-Planning -Organizing -Directing -Control -Evaluation

40) What's in blood?

-Plasma -Platelets -Red and White blood cells (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

AT Clinical Eval and DX

-Preform comprehensive exam for orthopedic injury or medical condition. -Create treatment plan based on diagnosis. -Communicate nature of condition and plan of treatment to patient, coach, and parents.

Radiologic Technologist SPECS

-Preform imaging or treatment procedures. -Training: -1 year certificate programs -2 year associate degree program -BS degree programs -Job growth= 30k (to 2026) -Salary (40k-90k)

36) The MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST or medical laboratory scientist includes which of the following functions:

-Preform lab tests, develop and evaluate tests. -Troubleshoot problems with tests and equipment. -Interpret and analyze results of lab tests. -Monitor and evaluate quality of results. (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Physician RESPONCIBILITIES

-Prescribe/design radiation treatments. -Interpret/read medical images. -Preform image guided, minimally invasive procedures.

11) The prevention of dental disease has become increasingly more important as we are now more aware of the potential links between dental disease and:

-Problem pregnancies -Cardiovascular disease -Diabetes (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

34) Careers in the medical lab sciences require certain KNOWLEDGE and SKILLS which may include:

-Problem solving and critical thinking -Affinity for the sciences -Accuracy and consistency (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Physician SPECIALIZATION

-Radiation Oncology -Diagnostic Radiology -Interventional Radiology -Nuclear Medicine

Radiation Medicine

-Radiation Oncology -Radiation Biology

Medical/Health Physics SPECIALIZATION

-Radiation Therapy -Diagnostic Imaging -Nuclear Medicine -Radiation Safety (RSO)

Radiological Careers

-Radiologic Technologist -Radiologist Assistant -Medical Dosimetrist -Medical Physics/Health Physics -Physician -Research Scientist

28) In which healthcare settings, away from the hospital, are physical therapists generally employed?

-Rehab centers AND -Out-patient clinics

Radiation - Sound

-Sound is a PRESSURE WAVE -Echolocation using SOUND WAVES

Medical Dosimetrist

-Specialization in Radiation Therapy. -Generate radiation therapy treatment plans. -Training: -Dosimetry certificate programs. -BS dosimetry programs -Expect modest job growth -Salary (80k-110k)

What is Radiation?

-The propagation of energy through space. -Electromagnetic waves. -Sound Waves (ultrasound) -Particle Beams

52) Ann Smith shared certain facts that impact healthcare in Kentucky including:

-The tax base in KY is limited -Kentuckians are "over-users" of health services. -Chronic disease and conditions increase the costs of care. (ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE TRUE)

Pharmacist Additional Info.

-There is evidence that many patients experience PREVENTABLE adverse medication-related events or fail to receive appropriate drug therapy due to shortcomings of our complex and disjointed medication use system in the U.S. -Researchers have estimated that for every dollar we spend on pharmaceuticals, we spend another dollar on treating the problems that stem from sub-optimal medication use and therefore waste billions of dollars in health care resources each year.

Medical/Health Physics OTHER

-Training: -MS or PhD in Medical/Health Physics -PhD in a science with 2 year residency -2 year MP residency -Modest job growth expected. -Salary (90k-300k)

Physician OTHER

-Training: -Medical degree (MD or DO) -Residency (less or = to 4 years). -Salary (>300k)

7) Some of the services provided by ORAL SURGEONS include:

-Trauma Care -Implants -Tissue and bone graphs (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Radiation Therapy

-Treatment of disease using radiation. -Arrests unconrolled cell growth. -External Beam RT -Internal RT -Brachytherapy - Internal/Surface (sealed sources) -Nuclear Medicine (unsealed radiopharmaceutical)

33) Which of the following BODY FLUIDS are included in analysis by the medical clinical laboratory?

-Urine -Semen -Spinal Fluid -Blood (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

32) In which of the following settings apart from the hospital, are you likely to find a clinical (medical) lab scientist working?

-Veterinary Lab -Forensic Lab -Doctor's Offices -Blood Centers and Blood Banks (ANY OF THE ABOVE)

Radiologic Technologist

-X-Ray Radiographer (RT) -RT Specialization: -CT -MR -Mammography -Sonography -Interventional Technologist -Nuclear Medicine Technologist (NMT) -Radiation Therapist (RTT)

AT Immediate/Emergency Care

1) Preform initial assessment and determine severity of condition. 2) Implement emergency action plan. 3) Preform secondary assessment and employ management strategies. 4) Formulate differential diagnosis. 5) Communicate nature of condition to patient and health care personnel.

Professional membership of ATC's founded in....

1950

9) In the dental profession nationwide, approximately what percentage of the total number of practicing dentists are SPECIALISTS?

20%

37) The clinical laboratory provides approximately what PERCENT of the objective data used to make clinical decisions:

70-80%

57) In which setting do MOST Pharmacy graduates enter the healthcare work force?

A community pharmacy.

1) Which term best describes the MECHANISM USED TO STANDARDIZE THE QUALITY of various health professions training programs across the country?

Accreditation

56) The profession of Pharmacy evolved from special training known as:

An apprenticeship

Future of AT

CAATE standards will be changed to include a requirement that professional programs to be at the masters degree level with a specific implementation deadline of NO LESS THAN 7 YEARS.

47) What "one thing" or personal characteristics do all healthcare professions list as #1?

Compassion

48) In the medical laboratory, agar from which animal is used to run tests?

Cows

14) What is the single most CHRONIC DISEASE facing most Kentuckians?

Dental Disease

Mission: UK PT

Develop practitioners who are: -Knowledgable -Ethical -Independent -Adaptable -Reflective -Service Oriented This practitioner developments accomplished through a variety of mechanisms: -Education -Research/Scholarship -Service -Professional Socialization

39) The physical therapy training program at UK is taught at the graduate level and the degree awarded is a:

Doctorate in Physical Therapy (DPT)

18) A Dental Assistant must have a license to assist in the practice of dentistry in KY.

False

19) A Dental Laboratory Technician must have a license to fabricate dental appliances.

False

20) A Dental Assistant is required to obtain a degree in dental assisting in KY.

False

22) A Dental Hygienist can own his/her private practice office in Kentucky.

False

AT's Hats

Hydration Counselor Meteorologist Handyman Nutrients EMT Equipment Manager Supervisor Teacher

8) Dentists use modern techniques, equipment and materials in ESTHETIC DENTISTRY to:

Improve appearances

2) What is the title of your REQUIRED TEXTBOOK for this course?

Introduction to Health Professions

53) A career in medicine is not for women under the age of twenty-five because....

Its illegal to ask this question to an applicant.

MR

Magnetic Resonance

42) Which field DOES NOT require a graduate level degree for clinical practice?

Medical Laboratory Sciences

35) The new name for a "med tech" or clinical lab scientist is:

Medical Laboratory Specialist

38) Which field is typically known for detailed, independent "DETECTIVE WORK" in diagnostics behind the scene?

Medical technology or clinical lab specialists

NATA

National Athletic Trainers Association

55) UK College of Pharmacy requires which undergraduate degree for admissions to their Pharmacy program:

No specific undergraduate degree is required.

6) What is the difference between the two doctoral degrees for dentists in the U.S.?

Nothing, the DDS and DMD degrees are equivalent.

3) Some TYPES OF TRAINING do NOT require you to complete a formal accredited educational program at the certificate associate, bachelor's, or graduate level. What is the term for that type of training?

OJT

27) In the past, patients were discharged after about two weeks after their surgery and initial physical therapy, but now patients are discharged:

On average 3 to 4 days after surgery.

26) In the past, physical therapists generally worked in an acute care environment, but the CURRENT TREND finds more (60-70%) physical therapists working in:

Out-patient rehab settings

Cons

Pay NOT = hours worked Long days Go unrecognized

46) In pharmacy, which degree is awarded at UK?

Ph.D.

24) One group of health care professionals who function in KY as "INDEPENDENT" PRACTITIONERS are:

Physical therapists

Pharmacist is the Hub

Physicians with various specialties: -Dentists -Podiatrists -Optometrists -Nurse Practitioners -Physician Assistants Requests for dispensing of medications may come from any and all of those above.

12) In Kentucky, early childhood caries (ECC) is a dental disease generally resulting from:

Poor dental hygiene of primary teeth.

PET

Positron Emission Tomography

Where do AT's work?

Pro sports, college/university, secondary school, emerging settings, clinic/hospital.

5) Admissions directors of various health professions programs suggest that students may become more aware of what "they really want to be" if they:

Shadow health care professionals to gain exposure to particular fields.

13) What kind of experience is STRONGLY recommended for folks interested in careers in the health professions?

Shadowing

31) Which kind of experience is highly recommended for INFORMED decision-making about each of the health field covered so far?

Shadowing

10) The UK College of Dentistry is one of the:

Ten SMALLEST dental schools in the country.

25) The learning strategy used at the beginning of class to grab your attention and keep attendance is:

The Question of the Day

Pharmacist Assigned Lawful Custody of Various Products

The pharmacist is the professional assigned custody of items that should not generally be open to distribution. -Poisons -Schedule V controlled substances. -Syringes and needles. -Meth precursor products. -Plan B -Current FDA proposal for "BTC" products.

Consultation by the Pharmacist

The pharmacist must offer to discuss with each individual who presents a prescription those matters which in the exercise of the pharmacist's professional judgement the pharmacist deems significant including: -The name and description of medication. -The route, dosage form, dosage, route of administration, and duration of drug therapy. -Special directions and precautions for preparation, administration and use by the patient. -Common severe side or adverse effects or interactions and therapeutic contraindications that may be encountered, including their avoidance, and the action required if they occur. -Techniques for self-monitoring drug therapy. -Proper storage. -Prescription refill information. -Action to be taken in the event of a missed dose.

Pharmacist Quote

The physician must often rely on the friendly hand of the professional pharmacist to correct his mistakes.

49) Why is it so important to know the correct blood type for each patient?

Transfusion of the wrong blood type may be fatal in approximately 25% of cases.

16) A Dentist must have a license to be able to practice dentistry.

True

17) A Dental Hygienist must have a license to be able to practice dental hygiene.

True

21) A Dental Laboratory Technician is required to take a national examination to become a Certified Dental Laboratory Technician.

True

23) It is legal in Kentucky for Dental Hygienists to administer local anesthesia (injections).

True

CT Scan

X-Ray Computed Tomography

The Profession of Pharmacy

are health professionals who assist individuals in making the best use of medications.

AT BOC

exam that covers the 5 major domains of AT.

Drug Regimen Review by the Pharmacist

retrospective, concurrent, and prospective review by a pharmacist of a patients drug-related history, including but not limited too: a) Evaluation of prescription drug orders and patient records for: 1. Known allergies. 2. Rational therapy contradictions. 3.Appropriate dose and route of administration. 4. Appropriate directions for use. 5. Duplicative therapies. b) Evaluation of prescription drug orders and patient records for drug-drug, drug-food, drug-disease, and drug-clinical laboratory interactions. c) Evaluation of prescription drug orders and patient records for adverse drug reactions. d) Evaluation of prescription drug orders and patient records for proper utilization and optimal therapeutic outcomes.

AT Mission

to enhance the quality of healthcare proved by CERTIFIED athletic trainers and to advance the AT profession.

PT Definition

which is the care and services provided by or under the direction and supervision of a PT includes: -Examining -Alleviating impairment and functional limitation. -Preventing injury, impairment, functional limitation, and disability. -Consulting, education, and research.