HHS330 Ch. 6 Transtheoretical Model - Stages of Change

Theory Concept

Behavior change is a process that happens in stages

Reinforcement management

Increasing the rewards for the positive behavior change and/or decreasing the rewards of the unhealthy behavior

Preperation

People start to take small steps toward the behavior change, and they believe changing their behavior can lead to a healthier life.

counter conditioning

a healthy behavior is substituted for the unhealthy one

History

developed in 1980's to understand how people changed their addictive behaviors

dramatic relief

expressing feelings about or reacting emotionally to behavior and possible solutions

Self-liberation

making a firm commitment to change

self-efficacy

one's sense of competence and effectiveness

social liberation

options or alternatives are sought that support the new behavior

maintenance

people actively work to prevent relapsing to the old behavior

Pre-contemplation

people in this stage are not even thinking about a new behavior pattern. Unmotivated, resistant and engage in avoidance tactics

Environmental Reevaluation

realizing the impact of health behavior on environment

Contemplation

stage of change in which people are considering changing behavior in the next 6 months

People in the pre-contemplation stage of change are either not ready to change their behavior or they are uninformed or underinformed about the consequences of their unhealthy behavior.

true

Self-reevaluation

people look at themselves with and without the problem behavior and asses the differences in their self-esteem

conciousness raising

people obtain information about themselves and the problem behavior

Action

the next 6 months a person implements plans and puts them into action

stimulus control

when people remove the cues and triggers for the problem behavior from their environment

Which of the following would help people maintain a new behavior? A) Participating in a self-help group. B) Doing value clarification exercises. C) Understanding the health benefits of their new behavior. D) Seeing the effect their new behavior has on the environment.

A) Participating in a self-help group.

Before a person can move from contemplation to preparation, which of the following must occur? A) A commitment to a change date must be made. B) A decision must be made to pursue the change. C) A system of rewards and punishment must be established. D) A plan must be developed to accomplish the behavior change goal.

B) A decision must be made to pursue the change.

Which of the following is a task completed in the preparation stage of the transtheoretical model? A) Identifying rewards to support maintenance of the new behavior. B) Making a plan as to how the behavior change will occur. C) Gathering information about the health problem. D) Isolating possible relapse triggers.

B) Making a plan as to how the behavior change will occur

An example of stimulus control when maintaining a change to a whole-foods diet is the removal of all processed food from the home.

True

Relapse avoidance is the focus during the maintenance stage of change.

True

When using the transtheoretical model to help people quit smoking, in which stage would they set a quit date? A) Action stage B) Preparation stage C) Maintenance stage D) Contemplation stage

B) Preparation stage

Using the transtheoretical model as the basis for a behavior change program entails: A) identifying the best process of change for each participant at each stage of change. B) helping participants use the processes of change to move through the stages of change. C) pinpointing the cause of participant hesitation with moving through the stages of change. D) determining the extent of participant commitment to moving through the stages of change.

B) helping participants use the processes of change to move through the stages of change.

Chronic contemplation or behavioral procrastination develops: A) when a person repeatedly moves back and forth between contemplation and preparation. B) when a person is not able to make a decision about moving forward with changing a behavior. C) when a person makes the decision to change multiple behaviors at one time but cannot decide which to change first. D) when a person keeps putting off making preparations for the behavior change.

B) when a person is not able to make a decision about moving forward with changing a behavior

In using the transtheoretical model to implement a behavior change, which of the following processes of change help move people from pre-contemplation to contemplation? A) Stimulus control B) Helping relationships C) Consciousness raising D) Reinforcement management

C) Consciousness raising

According to the transtheoretical model, people who have not given any thought to changing an unhealthy behavior: A) are laggards. B) have an external locus of causality. C) are in the pre-contemplation stage of change. D) believe the benefits of the unhealthy behavior outweigh those of changing.

C) are in the pre-contemplation stage of change.

Processes of Change

Consciousness Raising, Dramatic Relief, Self reevaluation, Environmental reevaluation, Self liberation, helping relationships, counterconditioning, reinforcement management, stimulus control, social liberation

Which of the following is an example of counter conditioning? A) A smoker choosing a quit date. B) A runner walking part of the time. C) A fast-food eater ordering a kid's meal. D) A soda drinker switching to flavored seltzer.

D) A soda drinker switching to flavored seltzer.

4. In keeping with the transtheoretical model, in order for people to change their behavior, which of the following conditions have to be met? A) Self-efficacy has to be strong. B) Subjective norms have to be supportive. C) The behavior has to be under volitional control. D) The pros of changing the behavior have to outweigh the cons.

D) The pros of changing the behavior have to outweigh the cons.

A behavior change is deemed successful if the healthier behavior is maintained for six months.

False

In general, people have the most difficulty moving from the pre-contemplation stage to the contemplation stage.

False

In the preparation stage of change, people make plans for how they are going to avoid relapse once the change is complete.

False

Once people recognize they have a problem behavior and begin thinking about taking action to change it, they are in the preparation stage of change.

False

The shortest stage of change is action because when people make a decision to change a behavior, they change it as quickly as possible.

False

When using the process of environmental reevaluation in the transtheoretical model, people look at their new behavior in light of how it will change the environment for the better.

False

When using the transtheoretical model to help people change an unhealthy behavior, it is important to know what prompted them to undertake the change in the first place.

False

Helping Relationships

Seeking and using social support for the healthy behavior change

Theory Constructs

Stages of Change: Pre-Contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance -Processes of Change -Self Efficacy