High School Academy Honors Biology - Unit 8 - DNA - Part 1

What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?

1. Phosphate group. 2. Deoxyribose sugar. 3. Nitrogen base.

During translation, what does the tRNA deliver to the ribosomes?

Amino Acids

tRNA 3 nitrogen bases are called a...

Anticodon

What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?

Codon

mRNA 3 nitrogen bases are called a...

Codon

Mutations that skip a nitrogen base.

Deletion

A very negative mutation that will result in the DNA sequence shifting the sequence over in any direction.

Frameshift

Separation of DNA using electric current is called.....?

Gel Electrophoresis

Mutation that turns a section of bases upside down or backwards.

Inversion

Something that causes a mutation.

Mutagen

A monomer of DNA is called a(n)

Nucleotide

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?

Nucleotides

Where does transcription take place?

Nucleus

A mutation in which only one nucleotide is altered is called a:

Point Mutation

Mutations that switch one nitrogen base.

Substitution

The process of making mRNA from DNA is called.

Transcription

The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______

Transcription

When nucleotides create an mRNA sequence that is complimentary of the bottom strand of a DNA sequence.

Transcription

The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____

Translation

mRNA leaves the nucleus and is fed into a ribosome where an amino acid chain is created with the help of tRNA.

Translation

Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? a. AUGCUU b. ATGCTT c. GCATCC d. GCAUCC

a. AUGCUU

Which component of DNA determines the traits of an organism? a. Nitrogen Bases b. Sugar-Phosphate Backbone c. Hydrogen bonds

a. Nitrogen Bases

What aspect of DNA determines the proteins that are produced? a. The arrangement of nitrogenous bases b. The double helix shape c. The alternating sugar-phosphate backbone d. The complementary nature

a. The arrangement of nitrogenous bases

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful? a. They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the strand, which changes the entire amino acid sequence b. They insert things that an organism doesn't need. c. They often delete things that organisms need. d. Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

a. They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the strand, which changes the entire amino acid sequence

In what process is mRNA synthesized? a. Transcription b. Translation c. DNA Replication

a. Transcription

The synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template is called ____________. a. Translation b. Transcription

a. Translation

Why must transcription occur where DNA can be found? a. because DNA can't leave b. because ribosomes are in the nucleus c. because DNA polymerase is found there d. because helicase unzips the DNA

a. because DNA can't leave

Codons are found on a. mRNA b. tRNA

a. mRNA

People have been warned about the dangers of excessive exposure to radiation during certain medical procedures. The most likely reason for this warning is that radiation exposure might a. result in gene mutations and uncontrolled cell growth b. cause the rejection of transplanted organs c. increase body temperature by two to five degrees d. prevent the transport of materials into cells

a. result in gene mutations and uncontrolled cell growth

What will happen if a base sequence of a strand of DNA is changed from ATG to ATC? a. the mRNA will be changed from UAC to UAG b. The tRNA will be changed from UAC to TAC c. the mRNA will be changed from TUC to TUG d. the tRNA will be changed from CAU to CAC

a. the mRNA will be changed from UAC to UAG

If a segment of mRNA reads 5'-UUUAGC-3', how did the complementary segment of DNA from which it was transcribed read? a. 3'-TTTACG-5' b. 3'-AAATCG-5' c. 3'-CCCTAG-5' d. 3'-GGGTCA-3'

b. 3'-AAATCG-5'

What is the complementary strand of this DNA sequence?TAC CCG ATC AAA GCC a. CGT TTA GCT GGG ATT b. ATG GGC TAG TTT CGG c. GCA AAT CGA CCC TAA d. UAC CCG AUC AAA GCC

b. ATG GGC TAG TTT CGG

What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid? a. Anticodon b. Codon c. Protein

b. Codon

Biologists have learned that genetic information flows from a. RNA to DNA to polysaccharides. b. DNA to RNA to proteins. c. RNA to DNA to proteins. d. DNA to polysaccharides to RNA.

b. DNA to RNA to proteins.

If you are missing or have an extra base at the end of your mutated DNA . What type of mutation occurred? a. Substitution b. Frameshift c. Duplication d. Insertion

b. Frameshift

What would be the tRNA anticodon for the mRNA codon CAG? a. GTC b. GUC c. CUG d. CAG

b. GUC

Which 2 parts of a nucleotide form the sides or "backbone" of the DNA ladder? a. Nitrogenous Base b. Phosphate group c. Deoxyribose sugar d. Ribose sugar

b. Phosphate group c. Deoxyribose sugar

The synthesis of an RNA strand from a DNA template is called __________. a. Translation b. Transcription

b. Transcription

What would the mRNA strand be after transcription of this DNA strand? ATC a. TAG b. UAG c. GAG d. UAT

b. UAG

The DNA double helix model used today was first constructed by scientists a. Hershey and Chase. b. Watson and Crick. c. Pauling and Franklin.

b. Watson and Crick.

An insertion of a DNA base into a gene can affect an organism by— a. causing future gametes to have additional chromosomes. b. changing the sequence of amino acids in a protein. c. causing chromosome fragments to form long chains. d. changing the structure of ribose sugar in nucleic acids.

b. changing the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Which mutation affects all codons after the mutation occurs? a. substitution b. frameshift c. silent

b. frameshift

What kind of mutation is caused when a new base is inserted or deleted, causing the entire reading frame to move? a. point mutation b. frameshift mutation c. chromosomal mutation

b. frameshift mutation

In transcription, DNA is matched with it's complimentary bases in the _____ strand a. tRNA b. mRNA

b. mRNA

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? a. amino acids b. nucleotides

b. nucleotides

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the MONOMER of DNA.) a. amino acids b. nucleotides

b. nucleotides

The anticodon is located on a. mRNA b. tRNA c. rRNA

b. tRNA

This RNA performs Translation a. rRNA b. tRNA c. mRNA

b. tRNA

What makes up the genetic code in DNA? a. the phosphate group b. the nitrogen bases c. the deoxyribose sugar

b. the nitrogen bases

What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule? a. the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases b. the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases c. the color of the nitrogen bases d. the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases

b. the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases

A strand of DNA with the sequence A-C-T-T-G serves as a template to form a strand of mRNA with the sequence U-G-A-A-C. During which process would this happen? a. replication b. transcription c. translation

b. transcription

Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: GTAGTCA a. UATUAGA b. ACGACTG c. CAUCAGU d. CATCAGT

c. CAUCAGU

Which best summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins? a. DNA moves to the cytoplasm to build proteins. b. DNA transports amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins. c. DNA contains the instructions used to make proteins. d. DNA breaks hydrogen bonds between amino acids.

c. DNA contains the instructions used to make proteins.

Which of the following statements best describes the process of gene expression? a. Messenger, transfer, and ribosomal RNA transcribe information onto a cell's DNA. b. The information in DNA is transcribed to RNA and then transcribed to amino acids. c. The information in DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated to make specific proteins. d. The information in DNA is translated by messenger RNA and then translated to make ribosomal RNA.

c. The information in DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated to make specific proteins.

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, a. each one with two original strands b. each one with two new strands c. each one with one new strand and one original strand d. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands

c. each one with one new strand and one original strand

Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond? a. ionic bonds b. covalent bonds c. hydrogen bonds

c. hydrogen bonds

Which RNA brings the information in our genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome? a. rRNA b. tRNA c. mRNA

c. mRNA

Which RNA is formed during Transcription a. r RNA b. tRNA c. mRNA

c. mRNA

Sometimes, a person is born with one or more extra chromosomes in each cell. This usually results in abnormalities because the affected person has a. a reduced number of genes in cell nuclei b. fewer cell mutations than a person with a normal chromosome number c. more genes in each cell than a person with a normal chromosome number d. less DNA in cell nuclei, but more proteins in cell mitochondria

c. more genes in each cell than a person with a normal chromosome number

Transcription takes place in the ___________, while translation takes place in the __________. a. cytoplasm; nucleus b. mitochondria; chloroplast c. nucleus; cytoplasm

c. nucleus; cytoplasm

What is the location in the cell for translation? a. nucleus b. mitochondria in cytoplasm c. ribosome in cytoplasm d. chloroplast in cytoplasm

c. ribosome in cytoplasm

What are the three components of a nucleotide? a. sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base b. sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base c. sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base d. sugar, phosphate, protein

c. sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the growing peptide chain? a. mRNA b. rRNA c. tRNA

c. tRNA

The genetic code is found in the DNA of an organism. Which statement about the genetic code is correct? a. all organisms contain the same genetic code b. the genetic code is found only in eukaryotic cells because they have a nucleus c. the components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms d. all organisms change their genetic code before passing it on to their offspring

c. the components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms

When an extra base is inserted into the DNA sequence of a gene, the protein doesn't work. Which explains why? a. the base increases rate of translation b. the base causes DNA to be transcribed in opposite direction c. the inserted base causes the codons in the sequence to be incorrect for the desired protein d. the base signals enzymes to translate DNA rather than RNA

c. the inserted base causes the codons in the sequence to be incorrect for the desired protein

Which is the mRNA molecule that would be transcribed from this DNA template: TGGCAAGTACGT a. ACCGTTCATGCA b. UGGCAAGUACGU c. UCCGUUCUUGCU d. ACCGUUCAUGCA

d. ACCGUUCAUGCA

Which statement describes how complementary strands of DNA are linked? a. each sugar in one strand is paired with a complementary base in the other strand. b. Each sugar in one strand is pained with a complementary phosphate in the other strand c. Each phosphate in one strand is paired with a complementary phosphate in the other d. Each base in one strand is paired with a complementary base in the other

d. Each base in one strand is paired with a complementary base in the other

Josh is assigned a project in class to make a strand of m-RNA from DNA. The DNA code that he has been assigned is CGG TCG AGT GAT. What would be the correct code for Josh to use in his transcription? a. GCC AGC TCA CTA b. GCC UGC TCA CTU c. GCC AGG TGA CTA d. GCC AGC UCA CUA

d. GCC AGC UCA CUA

Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation? a. Insertions only b. Substitution only c. Deletion only d. Insertions and Deletions

d. Insertions and Deletions

What is the enzymatic function of restriction enzymes? a. To add new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA. b. To join nucleotides during replication. c. To join nucleotides during transcription. d. To cleave nucleic acids at specific sites.

d. To cleave nucleic acids at specific sites.

Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder? a. deoxyribose and adenine b. deoxyribose and a hydrogen bond c. sugar and the nucleus d. deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate

d. deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate

The DNA nucleotide is composed of three parts. Which two components make up the nucleotide backbone? a. ribose sugar and base b. ribose sugar and phosphate group c. nitrogen base and deoxyribose sugar d. deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group

d. deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group

Cystic fibrosis is an example of a genetic disease caused by the deletion of a nucleotide. What is the term for this type of mutation? a. translocation b. chromosomal c. single gene d. frameshift

d. frameshift

Which variable component of DNA holds the "code" for the traits of an organism? a. sugars (deoxyribose) b. hydrogen bonds c. phosphate groups d. nitrogenous base pairs

d. nitrogenous base pairs

The codon read using the genetic code to determine the amino acid is found in

mRNA

The type of RNA that codes DNA and leaves the nucleus to help with protein synthesis.

mRNA

This molecule carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

mRNA

The molecule that transports the amino acid to the ribosome is called the

tRNA