HIM Ch07

Database management system (DBMS)

Computer software that enables the user to create, modify, delete, and view the data in a database

Explicit knowledge

Documents, databases, and other types of recorded and documented information

Timeliness

Example, codes must be recorded in a timely manner in order to facilitate reimbursement for the healthcare facility

Integrity constraint

Limits placed on the data that may be entered into a database

Currency

Many types of healthcare data become obsolete after a period of time

Measure applications partnership (MAP)

Performance measures that will be used in public reporting and performance-based payment programs are outlined and described

Precision

Precision often relates to numerical data. It denotes how close to an actual size, weight, or other standard a particular measurement is

Crosswalk/Data map

Term that describes the connections, or paths, between classifications and vocabularies

Knowledge management

The process by which data are acquired and transformed into information through the application of context, which in turn provides understanding. A management philosophy that promotes an integrated and collaborative approach to the process of information asset creation, capture, organization, access, and use

Tacit knowledge

actions, experiences, ideals, values, and emotions of an individual that tend to be highly personal and difficult to communicate (for example, corporate culture, organizational politics, and professional experience)

Enterprise master patient index (EMPI)

index that provides access to multiple repositories of information from overlapping patient populations that are maintained in separate systems and databases

Database administrator (DBA)

individual responsible for the technical aspects of designing and managing databases

System catalog

integrated data dictionary (which is a component of a database management system) that generally contains information on data tables and relationships in addition to data definitions

Documentation

methods and activities of collecting, coding, ordering, storing, and retrieving information to fulfill future tasks

10 characteristics of data quality

Accuracy, Accessibility, Comprehensiveness, Consistency/Reliability, Currency, Definition, Granularity, Precision, Relevancy, Timeliness

Comprehensiveness

All required data items are included. Ensure that the entire scope of the data is collected and document intentional limitations

Definition

Clear definitions should be provided so that current and future data users will know what the data mean. Each data element should have clear meaning and acceptable values

Referential integrity

Concept that involves constraints placed on the primary and foreign keys within the database

Attribute

Data elements within an entity that become the column or field names when the entity relationship diagram is implemented as a relational database. Properties or characteristics of concepts

Granularity

Data granularity is sometimes referred to as data "atomicity," which means that the individual data elements cannot be further subdivided; they are "atomic."

Accessibility

Data items should be easily obtainable and legal to access with strong protections and controls built into the process

Relevancy

Data must be relevant to the purpose for which they are collected

Consistency/Reliability

Data quality needs to be consistent and reliable

Accuracy

Data that are free of errors are accurate

Information

Factual data that have been collected, combined, analyzed, interpreted, and converted into a form that can be used for a specific purpose

Data

dates, numbers, images, symbols, letters, and words that represent basic facts and observations about people, processes, measurements, and conditions

Data dictionary

descriptive list of the data elements to be collected in an information system or database whose purpose is to ensure consistency of terminology

Data administrator

emerging role responsible for managing the less technical aspects of data, including data quality and security

Data integrity

extent to which healthcare data are complete, accurate, consistent, and timely. A security principle that keeps information from being modified or otherwise corrupted either maliciously or accidentally

Knowledge

information, understanding, and experience that give individuals the power to make informed decisions

Clinical documentation improvement (CDI)

process an organization undertakes that will improve clinical specificity and documentation that will allow coders to assign more concise disease classification codes

Authorization management

process of protecting the security and privacy of the confidential data in a database

Patient-centered medical home (PCMH)

program to provide comprehensive primary care that partners the physicians with the patient and his or her family to allow better access to healthcare and improved outcomes

Data quality model

reliability and effectiveness of data for its intended uses in operations, decision making, and planning