his

13.The decision excerpted most directly reflected a growing belief after the Second World War that the power of the federal government should be used to (A) promote greater racial justice (B) revitalize cities (C) foster economic opportunity (D) defend traditional visions of morality

(A) promote greater racial justice

12.which of the following was the most immediate result of the decision excerpted? A) radicals critiqued government actions as doing too little to transform the racial status quo B) education advocates raised awareness of the effect of poverty on students opportunities C) civil rights activists became increasingly divided over tactical and philosophical issues D) segregationists in southern states temporarily closed many public schools in an effort to resit the decision.

D) segregationists in southern states temporarily closed many public schools in an effort to resit the decision.

3.the preaching described in the excerpt is an example of which of the following developments in the 1700s? A)the emergence of an idea of republican self-government B)the beginning of calls for the abolition of slavery C)the increased influence of the enlightenment D) the expansion of protestant evangelism

D) the expansion of protestant evangelism

11.the ideas about government expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following? A) the concept of hereditary rights and privileges B) the belief in manifest destiny C) the principle of religious freedom D) the ideas of the enlightenment

D) the ideas of the enlightenment

16.Which of the following evidence would best support Ngai's argument in the excerpt? (A) Census data showing the changing percentages of the foreign-born population from 1920 to 1930 (B) Narratives describing the challenges of immigrant family life in the 1920s (C) Diplomatic correspondence reflecting the increasing isolationism of United States foreign policy in the 1920s and 1930s (D) Census data revealing the Great Migration of African Americans to cities in the North and West in the 1920s

(A) Census data showing the changing percentages of the foreign-born population from 1920 to 1930

26.Which of the following groups most strongly opposed Washington's point of view in the address? (A) Democratic-Republicans (B) New England merchants (C) Southern plantation owners (D) Federalists

(A) Democratic-Republicans

49.Which of the following represents a later example of the change highlighted in the poster? (A) Feminist calls for equal economic opportunities in the 1970s (B) The growing feminist protests against United States military engagements abroad in the 1970s (C) The increasing inability of the manufacturing sector to create jobs for women in the 1970s and 1980s (D) The growing popular consensus about appropriate women's roles in the 1980s and 1990s

(A) Feminist calls for equal economic opportunities in the 1970s

40.Which of the following was a major contrast between the New England colonies and the colonies of France? (A) The New England colonies were based on more diverse agriculture and commerce. (B) The French settled more often in cities and towns. (C) The French had more conflicts with American Indians. (D) New England developed a less rigid racial hierarchy.

(A) The New England colonies were based on more diverse agriculture and commerce.

20.The conditions shown in the image depict which of the following trends in the late nineteenth century? (A) The growing gap between wealthy people and people living in poverty (B) The rise of the settlement house and Populist movements (C) The increased corruption in urban politics (D) The migration of African Americans to the North

(A) The growing gap between wealthy people and people living in poverty

53.The developments described in the excerpt most directly reflect which of the following changes in the first half of the 1800s? (A) The sharp increase in the number of workers making goods for distant markets (B) Women's acquisition of new legal rights independent of their fathers and husbands (C) The emergence of a larger and more distinct middle class (D) Many women's embrace of the idea of separate spheres

(A) The sharp increase in the number of workers making goods for distant markets

44.The ideas expressed in the excerpt differed from the prevailing United States approach to foreign policy issues primarily in that Roosevelt was (A) arguing to expand the role of the United States in the world (B) encouraging the United States to avoid political entanglements in Europe (C) seeking to promote United States influence throughout Latin America (D) encouraging new laws that would give the United States international police power

(A) arguing to expand the role of the United States in the world

23.Muir's ideas are most directly a reaction to the (A) increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes (B) increase in urban populations, including immigrant workers attracted by a growing industrial economy (C) westward migration of groups seeking religious refuge (D) opening of a new frontier in recently annexed territory

(A) increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes

31.The map most directly depicts the (A) inland expansion of the colonial population (B) effects of industrialization (C) pattern of American Indian resistance (D) decline of tobacco production

(A) inland expansion of the colonial population

17.In his statement Truman had the goal of (A) restraining communist military power and ideological influence (B) creating alliances with recently decolonized nations (C) reestablishing the principle of isolationism (D) avoiding a military confrontation with the Soviet Union

(A) restraining communist military power and ideological influence

47.The poster most directly reflects the (A) wartime mobilization of United States society (B) emergence of the United States as a leading world power (C) expanded access to consumer goods during wartime (D) wartime repression of civil liberties

(A) wartime mobilization of United States society

38.The excerpt suggests that promoters such as Smith most typically presented migration as a means for (A) workers to achieve social mobility and economic opportunity (B) people to earn wages to send home to their families (C) countries to acquire new sources of mineral wealth (D) joint-stock companies to generate profits

(A) workers to achieve social mobility and economic opportunity

19.Conditions like those shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following? (A) The passage of laws restricting immigration to the United States (B) An increase in Progressive reform activity (C) A decline in efforts to Americanize immigrants (D) The weakening of labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor

(B) An increase in Progressive reform activity

33.The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 had which of the following effects? (A) A decrease in the coastal population (B) An increase in conflicts between British settlers and American Indians (C) A decrease in the economic importance of slavery and other forms of coerced labor (D) An increase in trade with French Canada

(B) An increase in conflicts between British settlers and American Indians

36.Which of the following most directly undermines Calhoun's assertions? (A) Many slaves adopted elements of Christianity. (B) Many slaves engaged in forms of resistance to slavery. (C) Abolitionist societies encountered difficulty organizing in Southern states. (D) A majority of White Southerners were not slaveholders

(B) Many slaves engaged in forms of resistance to slavery.

50.Which of the following actions by the Clinton administration best reflects the ideas about the scope of government expressed in the excerpt? (A) The decision to pursue military peacekeeping interventions in the Balkans and Somalia (B) The enactment of welfare reform to restrict benefits and encourage self-reliance (C) The negotiation of new free trade agreements among North American countries (D) The effort to enact universal health care legislation

(B) The enactment of welfare reform to restrict benefits and encourage self-reliance

42.The attitudes of White Southerners described by Schurz contributed to which of the following developments in the last quarter of the nineteenth century? (A) The sale of most plantations to African Americans to keep them in the South (B) The establishment of sharecropping throughout the South (C) The Nullification Crisis caused by Southern resistance to federal policy (D) The rise of the Whig Party in the South

(B) The establishment of sharecropping throughout the South

46.Which of the following best represents continuity in the years after 1945 with the ideas that Roosevelt expressed in the excerpt? (A) The conviction and execution of suspected Soviet spies in the United States (B) United States membership in an international collective security organization (C) United States military commitment to countries battling communist insurgencies (D) The rise of peace organizations opposed to the buildup and use of nuclear weapons

(B) United States membership in an international collective security organization

37.In the 1840s and 1850s, the views expressed by Calhoun most directly contributed to (A) the United States acquisition of new territory in the West (B) increased sectional divisions between the North and the South (C) the development of sharecropping and tenant farming in the South (D) the rise of voluntary organizations to promote religious reform

(B) increased sectional divisions between the North and the South

35.Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Calhoun's views expressed in the excerpt? (A) Members of nativist political parties (B) Members of the Whig Party (C) Southern landowners (D) Northern industrialists

(C) Southern landowners

54.Which of the following was a major difference in economic development between the Northeast and the South in the first half of the 1800s? (A) Southern exports had a far lower value than exports from the Northeast. (B) Banking and shipping grew more rapidly in the South than in other regions. (C) The South relied much less on wage labor than the Northeast. (D) The South had few commercial connections with other regions of the United States.

(C) The South relied much less on wage labor than the Northeast.

52.Which of the following most directly contributed to the developments described in the excerpt? (A) The concept of republican motherhood after the American Revolution (B) Large-scale immigration from southern and eastern Europe (C) The expansion and increased organization of industrial production (D) The wartime need for women to fill jobs previously held by men

(C) The expansion and increased organization of industrial production

22.Which of the following aspects of Muir's description expresses a major change in Americans' views of the natural environment? (A) The idea that wilderness areas are worthy subjects for artistic works (B) The idea that wilderness areas serve as evidence of divine creation (C) The idea that government should preserve wilderness areas in a natural state (D) The idea that mountainous scenery is more picturesque and beautiful than flat terrain

(C) The idea that government should preserve wilderness areas in a natural state

30.The trends described by Taylor most directly illustrate which of the following major historical developments in the Atlantic world? (A) The growth of mercantile empires that stretched across the Atlantic (B) The increasing 46nglicization of the English colonies (C) The phenomenon known as the Columbian Exchange (D) The rise of the trans-Atlantic slave trade

(C) The phenomenon known as the Columbian Exchange

25.The ideas expressed in Washington's address most strongly influenced which United States foreign policy decision in the twentieth century? (A) The establishment of the United Nations in 1945 (B) The formation of the NATO alliance between the United States and Western Europe in 1949 (C) The refusal to join the League of Nations in 1919 (D) The oil embargo against Japan in 1941

(C) The refusal to join the League of Nations in 1919

39.The excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following? (A) The interaction of English colonial settlers with native populations in the early seventeenth century (B) The harsh realities of life in the early seventeenth-century American colonies, including illness, high mortality rates, and starvation (C) The role that appeals and advertising played in encouraging men and women to participate in colonization efforts (D) The nature of master and apprentice relationships in England in the early seventeenth century

(C) The role that appeals and advertising played in encouraging men and women to participate in colonization efforts

24.The concerns expressed by Washington were a response to the (A) debate over the proper treatment of American Indian tribes in the trans-Appalachian West (B) dispute over the possibility of annexing Canada from Great Britain (C) controversy regarding support for the revolutionary government of France (D) conflict with Great Britain over the treatment of American Loyalists

(C) controversy regarding support for the revolutionary government of France

55.Robinson's assertion that she and the other workers were "well off " would be challenged during the second half of the nineteenth century by which of the following? (A) The growing corporate need for clerical workers that brought many women into office jobs (B) Declining household incomes of working families as a result of businesses' unwillingness to employ children (C) The expanded access to company-sponsored pensions and healthcare for most employees (D) Confrontations between unions and factory management over wages and working conditions

(D) Confrontations between unions and factory management over wages and working conditions

21.Advocates for individuals such as those shown in the image would have most likely agreed with which of the following perspectives? (A) The Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson was justified. (B) Capitalism, free of government regulation, would improve social conditions. (C) Both wealth and poverty are the products of natural selection. (D) Government should act to eliminate the worst abuses of industrial society.

(D) Government should act to eliminate the worst abuses of industrial society.

48.The poster was intended to (A) persuade women to enlist in the military (B) promote the ideals of republican motherhood (C) advocate for the elimination of sex discrimination in employment (D) convince women that they had an essential role in the war effort

(D) convince women that they had an essential role in the war effort

34.The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 best explains the (A) development of economic differences between the northern and southern colonies (B) colonists' difficulties in effectively resisting the British military during the American Revolution (C) significant proportion of colonists who remained loyal to Great Britain during the American Revolution (D) growth of social tensions between backcountry settlers and coastal elites

(D) growth of social tensions between backcountry settlers and coastal elites

27.Most historians would argue that the recommendations of Washington's address ceased to have a significant influence on United States foreign policy as a result of (A) westward expansion in the nineteenth century (B) support for Cuban revolutionaries in the Spanish-American War (C) Woodrow Wilson's support for international democratic principles during the First World War (D) involvement in the Second World War

(D) involvement in the Second World War

45.The excerpt best reflects an effort by Roosevelt to (A) encourage the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles (B) promote the acquisition of new territories abroad (C) contain the spread of Soviet-dominated communism (D) overcome opposition to participation in the impending Second World War

(D) overcome opposition to participation in the impending Second World War

15.The Immigration Act of 1924 most directly reflected (A) cultural tensions between scientific modernism and religious fundamentalism in the 1920s (B) conflicts arising from the migration of African Americans to urban centers in the North (C) the emergence of an increasingly national culture in the 1920s shaped by art, cinema, and mass media (D) social tensions emerging from the First World War

(D) social tensions emerging from the First World War

8.Which of the following developments in the second half of the nineteenth century best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the declaration? A) the formation of voluntary organizations and reform efforts B) women's support for the Social gospel C) support for outlawing the production and sale of alcohol D) a movement focused of religious revivals and personal conversion

A) the formation of voluntary organizations and reform efforts

10.the excerpt was written in response to the: A)British governments attempt to assert greater control over the north american colonies B) British governments failure to protect colonists form attacks by American Indians C) colonial governments failures to implement mercantilist policies D) colonial governments attempts to extend political rights to new groups

A)British governments attempt to assert greater control over the north american colonies

6.The main trend shown in the graph was most directly associated with which of the following processes occurring in the united states at the time? A) the convergence of European and American cultures B) the emergence of an industrialized economy C) the displacement of American Indians from the Southeast D) The resurgence of Evangelical Protestantism

B) the emergence of an industrialized economy

7.The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly challenged the prevailing ideal in the early nineteenth century that A) Women should enjoy full and equal rights with men B) women should focus on the home and the domestic sphere C) the ability of women to earn wages was a positive development D)women should educate their children about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship

B) women should focus on the home and the domestic sphere

4.Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend from 1843 to 1854 shown in the graph? A)active encouragement of migration by the united states government B)economic and political difficulties in Germany and Ireland C)incentives offered by United States companies looking to hire skilled migrants D) adoption of free trade policies by European governments

B)economic and political difficulties in Germany and Ireland

2.Whitefield's open-air preaching contributed most directly to which of the following trends? A) the growth of the ideology of republican motherhood B)greater independence and diversity of thought C) movement of settlers to the backcountry D) the pursuit of social reform

B)greater independence and diversity of thought

1.white-fields impact suggests that religious culture among British North American colonists in the 1700s was most directly shaped by A)Roman catholic influences B) interest in commerce and business C) trans- Atlantic exchanges D)reliance on agriculture

C) trans- Atlantic exchanges

5.Which of the following was a direct effect of the trend in immigration after 1845 shown on the graph? A) an increase in sectional tensions B)a major economic downturn C)an upsurge in nativist sentiment D) the collapse of the second party system

C)an upsurge in nativist sentiment