HIS 102 Chapter 17

Merchant capitalists complained bitterly about

Their inability to directly supervise and direct the work of rural laborers

The British won the American component of the Seven Years' War because

They diverted men and money from Europe to the American theater.

Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, armies affected population growth in all of the following ways except?

A large number of individuals were killed on the battlefield

War of Austrian Succession could best be described as

An inconclusive standoff that set the stage for further warfare

Which of the following correctly characterizes the transformation of the english and Scottish countryside in the enclosure era?

The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landless wage earners.

Why did European slave traders in Africa adopt the "shore method" of trading in the 18th century?

The shore method permitted Europeans to move easily along the coast, obtaining slaves at various slave at various slave markets and then departing quickly for the Americas.

What was the status of Jews in European colonies in the 18th century?

Jews faces numerous political and economic forms of discrimination but were considered to be white europeans and thus couldnt be enslaved

The rural putting out system had all of the following competitive advantages except

The workers had to purchase the raw material themselves, saving the merchant capital expenses

In the 18th century, the advocates for agricultural innovation argued that?

landholdings and common lands needed to be consolidated and enclosed in order to farm more efficiently.

The primary cause for the substantial population growth in Europe in the 18th century was

A decline in morality

Which of the following best characterizes the regions to which slaves were carried from Africa to the Americans?

About 90 percent of slaves were transported to Brazil or the Caribbean, with only 3 percent brought to North America

From 1701 to 1763, what was at stake in the warfare between Great Britain and France?

The position as Europe's leading maritime power, with the ability to claim profits from Europe's overseas expansion

At the center of Adam smiths arguments in the wealth of nations was belief that

The pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve the living conditions of the citizens.

The spinning of thread for the loom

required the work of several spinners for each loom, which led merchants to employ the wives and daughters of agricultural workers.

With the development of Spanish colonial society by the 18th century

The colonial elite came to believe that their circumstances gave them different interests and characteristics from those in spain

The idea of the industries revolution is the best understood as a result of

Poor families choosing to reduce leisure time

In Africa, the slave trade primarily resulted in

More wars and likely fewer people

Between 1650 and 1790, a crucial component of the global economy was established when European nations developed

Atlantic economy

Which of the following best characterizes the condition of the peasants in Western Europe in the 18th century?

Peasants were generally free from serfdom and owned land that they could pass on to their children

The Englishman Jethro Tull

Sought to critically analyze farming methods and develop better methods about farming through empirical research

Why did the Dutch fail to maintain their dominance in Asia?

The Dutch East India Company failed to diversify its trade to meet changing consumption patterns in Europe.

How did the problem of food shortages change in the eighteenth century?

The considerable road and canal building of the 18th century permitted food to be more easily transported to regions with local crop failure and famine

The leadership of the Dutch people in farming methodology can be attributed primarily to

The necessity to provide for a densely populated country.

Among the laboring classes, guild masters

Were a small minority of the population who jealously regarded their membership

Which of the following best describes the role of women in guilds in the 18th century?

Work in guilds became more accessible to women by both legally and illegal means.

The english navigation acts mandated that all English imports and exports be transported on English ships and they also

gave British merchants a virtual monopoly on trade with British colonies

In the 18th century the biggest increase in British foreign trade was with

the British colonial empire

Christianity in colonial societies in the Americas

took on distinctive characteristics through a complex process of cultural exchange that made Christianity more comprehensible to indigenous peoples.

Who provided the labor force for the Britain's initial colonization of Australia?

Convicted prisoners

Which of the following best describes the open field system of the Middle Ages?

The land was divided into long, narrow strips that were not enclosed by fences or hedges.