HIS 2610
What was Beringia?
A land bridge that allowed people to migrate from Asia to North America
In general, what enabled societies across the Americas to develop into settled and more complex civilizations?
An agricultural revolution
How did a drought around 800 C.E. affect the Mayan civilization?
An economic crisis began that contributed to the decline of the Maya.
How does Christopher Columbus characterize the Indians he first encountered in the Caribbean?
As docile and eager to trade
In Christopher Columbus's description of his first encounter with Indians, how does he plan to make his desires known to natives in the future?
By bringing back some natives to learn Spanish
Why did the Mississippian culture decline several hundred years ago?
Collapse of trade networks
What was the key to the success of the Inca empire?
Cultivation of fertile mountain valleys
What enabled people living in the Americas thousands of years ago to forsake seasonal migrations in favor of stable settlements?
Development of horticulture
In the 1507 map Universalis Cosmographia, cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Mathias Ringmann placed which continent at the center to emphasize its importance?
Europe
Why did Martin Waldseemüller and Mathias Ringmann depict India in greater detail than North America in their 1507 map Universalis Cosmographia?
Europeans had explored India more often than they had explored North America when the map was made.
Why did the expulsion of the last Muslims from Granada and a newly unified Spain help Christopher Columbus in his Enterprise of the Indies?
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain were ready to expand their empire
What trend found in Renaissance Europe is represented by the rule of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain?
Formation of powerful national monarchies
Which of the following factors allowed Hopewell people to develop towns with thousands of inhabitants?
Forming extensive trade networks
A form of agriculture in which people work small plots of land with simple tools is known as
Horticulture.
How did innovations in printing technology help advance European exploration?
Improved printing technology spread word of Portuguese and Spanish exploration throughout Europe.
Why was Ferdinand Magellan's voyage significant?
It increased Spanish wealth and European knowledge.
What was the significance of Bartolomeu Dias's journey around the Cape of Good Hope in the 1480s?
It showed that one could sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean.
What was a result of Europeans constructing negative propaganda about Africans starting in the sixteenth century?
Justification for the enslavement of Africans
From which region did the very first humans to settle in the Americas most likely migrate?
Northeastern Asia
What was the source of most of the Africans who were sold to Europeans along the western coast of Africa beginning in the sixteenth century?
People conquered by other groups
In the early sixteenth century, what was the relationship between Portuguese traders and Arab merchants in the Indian Ocean?
Portuguese traders supplanted Arab merchants.
What two cultural characteristics did the Aztecs and Inca share?
Practicing human sacrifices for religious rituals and drawing on accomplishments of earlier civilizations
Where did horticulture, a form of agriculture practiced on small sections of land with simple tools, first develop in the Americas?
Present-day Mexico
In addition to the creation of maps, how did innovations in printing impact Europeans in regards to exploration in the sixteenth century?
Printers publicized new knowledge gained by explorers.
What characteristics describe Mayan, rather than Aztec or Inca, civilization?
Settlement in the rain forest, occupation of multiple large cities, abandonment of cities
Which of the following was an outcome of de Soto's expedition into North America in the early sixteenth century?
Spain claimed vast new territories in North America while local natives were devastated by diseases.
How was Christopher Columbus's Enterprise of the Indies proposal to the Spanish government well timed in 1492?
Spain was growing more powerful, and its leaders were looking to expand their empire abroad.
What led to the dramatic population growth among the Mississippian groups in the sixth century?
The development of corn as a staple crop
What did Catholic leaders believe would be critical to Spanish success in the Americas?
The religious conversion of Native Americans
What aspect of Aztec society depended on the conquest of neighboring peoples?
The religious system
What was a distinctive characteristic of the Pueblo people who inhabited present-day Utah and Colorado more than a thousand years ago?
Their adobe houses built in cliffs
Why were the people of western Africa more vulnerable to becoming captured by Europeans as slaves in the sixteenth century than the people of North Africa?
They lived in less powerful, more rural societies, making them easier to seize.
Why did Plains societies generally remain small and widely scattered?
They needed a large expanse of territory to follow migrating animals.
How did the Crusades change European culture?
They stimulated a desire for adventure and exploration of new lands beyond Europe.
Why did the conquistadors have great power in the New World in the early sixteenth century?
With the Americas far away from Spain, conquistadors were responsible for distributing lands as rewards for those who served under them.
Between 500 and 1500 C.E., increasingly complex societies emerged in the equatorial region of the Americas on account of
highly developed systems of agriculture.
What was an immediate effect of Christopher Columbus's voyages to the Americas?
many followed in his path
During his three voyages, Christopher Columbus encouraged his men to
settle and work the land in the Americas.
The Americas were conquered by Spaniards in the sixteenth century principally as a result of
the high death toll among natives from disease.
Inca priests engaged in human sacrifice to
ward off natural disasters and military defeat.