HIST 1020 Chapter 30
The _____advanced the right of the Soviet Union to prevent any member of the Warsaw Pact from attempting to abandon socialism or the Soviet alliance.
"Brezhnev Doctrine"
One of the most damaging episodes of the Cold War in Latin America was the_____(Guerra Sucia) carried out in Argentina against all suspected leftist guerrillas and sympathizers by a right-wing junta from 1976 to 1983.
"Dirty War"
The kidnapped victims of the Argentine Guerra Sucia came to be collectively known as the_____.
"Disappeared"
_____ are treaties aimed at limiting the spread of nuclear weapons.
"Non-proliferation" treaties
The sweeping set of reforms introduced in Czechoslovakia in 1968, aimed at decentralization and a loosening of censorship restrictions, came to be known as the_____.
"Prague Spring"
Communist China's new "open door" policies would allow the market forces of capitalism to create incentives for innovation and economic growth, and the nation's motto became _____.
"To get rich is glorious!"
With the founding of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966, ______, a new term came to define the feminist movement in the late 1960s.
"Women's Liberation"
Among China's modernization policies in the late 1970s was the mandatory_____, which was aimed at alleviating the nation's huge social, economic, and environmental problems.
"one-child policy"
The Lebanese Civil War was caused partially by the PLO's upsetting of the delicate balance among the different factions of the Lebanese state, which included:
- Shiite and Sunni Muslims - Maronite Christians - Sunni Muslims **all of the above are correct**
China's "one-child" policy has likely contributed to its current demographic situation, with ______ male children born for every 100 females.
117.
The _____was aimed at outlawing the poll taxes, literacy tests, and other means by which states had attempted to limit their citizens' ability to vote.
1965 Voting Rights Act
The _____ Voting Rights Act aimed at outlawing the poll taxes, literacy tests, and other means by which states attempted to limit their citizens' ability to vote.
1965.
The massive "Tet" Offensive by Vietcong forces in February ________ may have contributed to President Johnson's decision not to seek another term.
1968.
The peak of the global youth movement came in August ______, when the Woodstock Festival in New York State drew an estimated 300,000-500,000 attendees.
1969.
Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika resulted in:
A meager 5% of total production being devoted to market production.
Officially, the Soviet Union ended on Christmas Day, 1991, after:
A tense showdown between Boris Yeltsin's supporters and the troops sent to occupy the Russian parliament.
"Apartheid", meaning "apartness" in the ________ language, was instituted in South Africa in 1948.
Afrikaans.
The climax of South Africa's rigid racial social structure came with the institution of legal racial segregation in the form of _____in 1948.
Apartheid
The fall of the infamous _____took place on the night of November 9, 1989, and marked the symbolic end of East Germany's Communist regime.
Berlin Wall
After arduous negotiations, Mikhail Gorbachev agreed with President ________ and the other state presidents to a new federal union treaty for the Soviet Union in spring 1991.
Boris Yeltsin.
Brazil's Cold War-era military dictatorship stayed in power primarily because of
Brazil's booming economy during the period
Since 1977, the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo have kept vigil in _______ for friends and relatives lost during the "Dirty War".
Buenos Aires.
The Khmer Rouge was a _____which launched a national campaign of genocide against religious and political opponents in the 1970s.
Cambodian revolutionary group
The first treaty between an Arab country (Egypt) and Israel was signed at _________ in 1979.
Camp David, Maryland.
Salvador Allende, the president of _____, was deposed and murdered in a CIA-directed coup in 1973
Chile.
_____ detonated its first nuclear device in October 1964.
China.
The Soviet Union ended officially on Christmas Day 1991 and was replaced by the_____, with a now democratic Russia under Boris Yeltsin at its center.
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
In the 1980s, US President Ronald Reagan began a covert operation to destabilize Daniel Ortega's _________ in Nicaragua through the funding and arming of opposition groups.
Contras.
From 1966 until 1969, the _________ Revolution in China took as its talisman the "little red book" of Chairman Mao.
Cultural.
The _____in the fall of 1973 abruptly ended the era of détente.
Egyptian and Syrian surprise attack on Israel
Nikita Khrushchev was forced out of his position by the Soviet Politburo for all of the following reasons except:
Failing to secure the 1964 Olympic Games for Moscow.
Taking power shortly after the death of Chairman Mao in 1976, Deng Xiaoping implemented the ___________, the fundamental policies that remain in force in China to the present.
Four Modernizations.
In Hungary, János Kádár presided over a form of "_____ communism", characterized by a relatively relaxed attitude toward criticism of the regime and by limited market reforms.
Goulash.
In 2010, China surpassed _____as the second largest economy in the world, after the United States.
Japan
The worldwide gay and lesbian liberation movement began in ___ 1969, with resistance to a police raid on the Stonewall Inn bar in New York City.
June.
By the end of 1980, 80% of Poland's workers had joined a labor union called "Solidarity", founded by the electrician _________.
Lech Walesa.
After Khrushchev was ousted from power by the Soviet Politburo, _______ rose in his place.
Leonid Brezhnev.
________, head of the People's Liberation Army in the 1960s, made the "little red book", or Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong, required reading for the troops.
Lin Biao.
President _____secured the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Lyndon B. Johnson
Massive demonstrations took place in _________ in the summer of 1968, just in advance of the Olympic Games that were being held there.
Mexico City.
Since the early 1960s, a guerrilla insurgency group called the Sandinistas had sought to overthrow the Somoza regime in ________.
Nicaragua
More than 1 million Biafrans were killed in a civil war within ______ during the late 1960s.
Nigeria.
The Berlin Wall was breached by jubilant Germans, of both the East and the West, on the night of ______, 1989.
November 9.
The 1954 Supreme Board ruling on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, overturned the previous _____, which had upheld the notion that "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional.
Plessy v. Ferguson ruling from 1896
Because he __________ in June 1989, Major General Xu Qinxian was court-martialed and imprisoned for four years.
Refused to follow orders to shoot civilians in Tiananmen Square.
By the late 1960s, the United States and the Soviet Union had entered into a period of relations known as "détente", a French term meaning ________.
Release of Tension.
The 1973 US Supreme Court decision _________ protected a woman's right to have an abortion.
Roe v. Wade.
The only Eastern European country whose leader (and his wife) was executed when the regime fell in 1989 was _______.
Romania.
The US Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that:
Segregation in education was inherently unequal.
The "Stinger" was a(n) _______, which the United States was clandestinely supplying to Afghan fighters in the attempt to expel Soviet occupying forces.
Shoulder-fired missile.
In her The Second Sex (1949) _____, a leading voice in the women's rights movement, challenged women to play a more assertive role in their struggle to gain full equality with their male counterparts.
Simone de Beauvoir
_________ was a leading voice for women's liberation and equality, and author of The Second Sex (1949).
Simone de Beauvoir.
The _____was fought between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, and Syria in June 1967.
Six-Day War
Among the international conditions which also played a role in fueling the struggle to end desegregation in the United States were the postwar anticolonialist movement in Africa and _____.
Soviet Cold War propaganda
Over Soviet protests, the United States began to develop its Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), nicknamed "______" after the popular movie of the same name.
Star Wars.
The Soviet move against the "Prague Spring" in 1968 demonstrated what became known as the "Brezhnev Doctrine," namely:
That the Soviet Union would forcibly restrain any member country attempting to abandon socialism and the Soviet alliance.
The ascendancy of the pragmatic Deng Xiaoping to China's leadership brought about the 1978 announcement of_____, a set of policies which remain in place in China to this day.
The Four Modernizations
In 1966, Chairman Mao launched a violent critique of the direction of China's Communist Party, a phenomenon which became known as_____.
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
In 1964, Yasir Arafat and other Palestinian nationalists founded_____, whose militant wing, Fatah, began a guerilla war against Israel and its backers.
The Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
The first example of the implementation of Gorbachev's policy of "glasnost" was the frank coverage of:
The nuclear accident at Chernobyl.
The development of the_____ was one of the reasons that the US backed a coup against the government of their ally, Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem, in 1963.
Vietcong
The development of the_____, Communist guerrilla fighters in South Vietnam and Laos, prompted the United States government to send aid and military advisors to South Vietnam in the early 1960s.
Vietcong
The ideas and practices of the Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot were so radical and brutal that in 1977 ________ invaded Cambodia and initiated his overthrow.
Vietnam.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech in ________ in August 1963.
Washington, D.C.
In 1977, the United Nations General Assembly declared the first annual International ______ Day.
Women's.
The massive mobilization of Americans during ________ accelerated civil rights efforts to combat segregation in the United States.
World War II
The regime of President Husák in Czechoslovakia was overthrown, without bloodshed, in 1989, and his rule replaced with that of Vaclav Havel, a popular ________.
Writer.
By the early 2000s, the chaotic agricultural sector combined with the repression of opposition to one-party rule had plunged Robert Mugabe's __________ into a serious economic crisis.
Zimbabwe.
In 1979, Iranian shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown in favor of a
conservative Islamic state
Perestroika ("restructuring") and_____("openness") were the two economic and political policies enacted by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in the mid-1980s in order to revitalize Communism.
glasnost
The_____(SDI), nicknamed "Star Wars", was an anti-ballistic missile defense system in outer space proposed by President Ronald Reagan in 1983.
nomenklatura/Strategic Defense Initiative
The sharp rise in oil prices and the economic downturn it brought about would ultimately lead in the late 1970s to a phenomenon referred to as_____, a period of high inflation rate but with low economic growth rate.
stagflation
President Johnson's comprehensive program aimed at eradicating poverty in America was referred to as_____.
the "Great Society"
In 1979, Egypt and Israel signed _____at Camp David, Maryland.
the first treaty between an Arab country and the Jewish state
The late 1960s and early 1970s witnessed the era of détente between the Soviet Union and the United States during which overt aggression _____.
was downplayed in favor of competition through diplomatic, social, and cultural means