HIST 110: TEST 1

By 1557, the Portuguese had wrested the first European colony from the Chinese at _________, and they held it until 1999.

Macau

For the English, the acquisition of Bombay (Mumbai) from the _________ in the 1660s gave the British East India Company a superb harbor.

Portugese

Kangxi's 13 _________, embodying maxims distilled in part from Zhu Xi's thought, became the official Qing creed from 1670 on.

Sacred edicts

By some estimates, there were more ________ slave uprisings involving 10 or more slaves during the four centuries of Atlantic slavery.

250

As Mughal power was sapped by the revolts of the Marathas and others in the eighteenth century, the armed forces of the ___________became important players in regional politics.

European trading companies

Like a number of Muslim mystical brotherhoods, the _________, originally refugees from the fall of the Fatimid caliphate, blended Shiite mysticism with practices borrowed from Hindu devotional cults.

Ismailis

________ turned the running of his empire over to his wife, the striking Persian princess Nur Jahan, on several occasions, and she mediated the succession wars after his death.

Jahangir

The huge commitment of Chinese troops against the forces of the Japanese leader Hideyoshi during his attempted invasion of ________ and China from 1592 to 1598 weakened the Ming dynasty and led to the rise of the Manchus.

Korea

The memoir of the former slave and abolitionist __________ would help push the movement of liberating slaves forward in the nineteenth century.

Olaudah Equiano

Mughal miniature painting was heavily influenced by what culture?

Persian

Like his model Genghis Khan, Timur:

Proved surprisingly liberal in the treatment of at least some cities that surrendered..

Jesuit missionaries were at times welcomed into China and Japan, but were ultimately rejected as "subversive" elements by the ____ and the Tokugawa.

Qing

The Atlantic system or the "_________" trade connected the American colonies with Africa and Europe.

triangular

Mughal relations with Safavid Persia, where _________ was the official state religion, meant a certain influence on the Mughal court was unavoidable.

Shia Islam

Akbar's religious policies were viewed, by his fellow Muslims:

As proof that he had actually become a non-believer..

The Manchu state was divided into eight major military and ethnic divisions, each represented by a distinctive ____________, and companies were formed of 300 fighters recruited from families represented by these means.

Banner

The resourceful Queen ________ of Ndongo sometimes negotiated with the Portuguese and fought guerilla campaigns against them at others.

Nzinga

According to the infamous "_______ edict" in 1645, all males, regardless of ethnicity, were required on pain of death to adopt the Manchu hairstyle of a shaved forehead and long pigtail in the back.

Queue

In the seventeenth century, the process of manumission was:

Sometimes followed by the freedman's acquisition of his own slaves..

After the reimposition of the jizya tax on non-Muslims, Hindus who had newly converted to Islam:

Preserved their caste and clan affiliations, especially in terms of profession.

Privateers were individual entrepreneurs who were virtually indistinguishable from:

pirates

Aurangzeb spent much of the last two decades of his life campaigning against the _________.

Hindu Marathas

In 1549 the Franciscan missionary ___________ landed in Japan.

Francis Xavier

The system devised under the Tokugawa bakufu ("_______", referring to the shogun's official status as the emperor's mobile deputy) was called sankin kotai, the "rule of alternate attendance".

"Tent government

China's population grew from its low of perhaps 60 million at the beginning of the Ming period to an estimated ________ million by 1600.

150

In "chattel" slavery, the slave is, in legal terms:

An item of moveable personal property..

Recent scholarship suggests that a key formative element in the development of culture and identity of Africans in the Americas lay in the influence of the:

Central African Creoles from Kongo and Ndongo..

The chief duties of the Mughals' zamindars were to:

Channel small-scale competitive energies into productive activities..

A wholescale massacre of Japanese _________ followed in the wake of a rebellion against the government in 1637-38.

Christians

Indian _________ calicoes (named for the Indian port of Calicut) proved immensely popular in Europe for underwear and summer clothing.

Cotton

African rulers sold slaves to the Europeans as:

Luxury items to be exchanged for other luxury items..

The _______ shoguns adopted Neo-Confucianism as the governing ideology, thus joining the commonwealth of Confucian "religious civilizations" in the region.

Tokugawa

Women could, and often did, exercise a greater degree of power and influence among the ___________ than among most other groups in India.

Turkic peoples

Around 1750, there were about 10,000 Boers (Dutch for "_______") in the Cape Colony, easily outnumbered by slaves.

farmers

__________ re-imposed the hated jizya tax on non-Muslims, which had been abolished by Akbar.

Aurangzeb

With __________ inhabitants in the sixteenth century, the capital of Kongo, M'banza, was comparable in size to many European cities at the time.

60,000

The position of the military aristocracy in Japan was:

Absolute and unquestioned, in all matters of life and death..

Some signs of economic stress were already present toward the end of Qianlong's reign, and chief among these was the problem of:

Absentee landlordism

_________ writers, painters, and poets followed Humayun to India, where their talents enlivened the arts and helped develop Urdu verse forms.

Persian

Although the precise number of Africans transported to the Americas in the slave trade is difficult to determine, nearly half of the total were sent to ________.

brazil

The rulers of Benin did all of the following except:

Actively resist the encroachment of Portuguese cultural values..

Akbar's four principal ministries included all of the following except:

Diplomatic relations with European trading companies..

"_______ learning" was especially prized in the Tokugawa period, with their representatives retaining yearly access to the shogunate and exerting influence on prominent Japanese intellectual.

Dutch

Mercantilist economic theory dictates that:

Imports to and exports from a colonial holding should be restricted

____ became a vital axis of world trade, with Chinese merchants exchanging spices and luxury goods such as porcelain there for Spanish silver from the Americas.

Manila

The Mughals appointed members of the new _________ elite to positions in the provincial governments and state ministries.

Mansabdar

After another doubling of its population by 1800, China moved toward what some historical demographers have called a high-level equilibrium trap, a condition in which:

The land has reached its maximum potential for feeding a population, and the surplus population begins to starve..

At the battle of Panipat in 1526, Babur's army had the advantage of:

The new military technologies of matchlock muskets and field cannon..

Jesuit priests like Matteo Ricci and Ferdinand Verbiest

Used their expertise in the New Sciences to advise the imperial court.

The Popes found Jesuit practices in China like ___________ problematic.

Using tea and rice for the Eucharist instead of bread and wine

As part of the African ________, Africans moved to nearly all parts of the Americas primarily as a result of the transatlantic slave trade.

diaspora

___________ would have been destroyed in a Muslim holy war had it not been for the timely arrival of a Portuguese fleet with artillery and musketeers in 1541.

ethiopia

The unequal relations between Tutsi cattle breeders and ______ farmers froze into a caste system during the nineteenth-century colonial occupation.

hutu

The kings of Kongo demonstrated their absorption of Portuguese culture by:

sending members of the ruling family to Portugal for their education

_______ was the only North American colony, and later state, in which African Americans outnumbered those of European descent

south carolina

A chronic problem that plagued the mughal dynasty was

the institutionalization of traditional nomadic succession practices

The demand for slave labor reached new heights in Brazil when:

Gold was discovered in Minas Gerais in 1690..

With the traditional threats from the borders now quashed, the reign of the __________ emperor, from 1736 to 1795, marked both the high point and the beginning of the decline of the Qing dynasty—and of imperial China itself.

Qianlong

The gunpowder empires, named for their reliance on cannons and small arms in their military campaigns, included all of the following except:

The Habsburgs

The conclusion that porcelain was the single most important commodity in the unfolding world commercial revolution between 1500 and 1800 is supported by all of the following except:

The depiction of Muhammad's face on many of them, in spite of Islamic prohibitions..