Hist 1301 ch 2

The Spanish empire in the Americas was governed primarily by: Multiple choice question. native peoples. conquistadors. the church. bureaucrats.

bureaucrats

Martin Luther's doctrine of "the priesthood of all believers" was radical because it ______. Multiple choice question. overturned the pope's most recent encyclical demanded that all men become priests called for a worldwide crusade against Islam challenged the authority of the church

challenged the authority of the church

What was the wealthiest and most advanced country in the world in the mid-fifteenth century? Multiple choice question. England China France Portugal Spain

china

On his second voyage, Columbus was less concerned with trade and more interested in ______. Multiple choice question. finding the route to China colonizing the islands educating native peoples locating silver and gold

colonizing the islands

Who controlled sub-Saharan African trade routes in the fifteenth century? Multiple choice question. African kingdoms Portugal China the Ottomans

african kingdoms

The English justified their conquest of neighboring lands by arguing that ______. Multiple choice question. it was politically necessary their civilization and Protestant religion were superior England desperately needed new wealth it was important to establish religious freedom there

their civilization and Protestant religion were superior

When Columbus presented his case for the second time to Ferdinand and Isabella, he was successful. For what purpose did the monarchs want the revenue his voyage would, hopefully, produce? Multiple choice question. to continue the reconquista to finance even more voyages of discovery to find even more favorable locations for sugar plantations to compete with Portugal for control of the African slave coast

to continue the reconquista

The term historians use to describe the transition of people, plants, insects, and microbes between the two hemispheres is " _____ _______."

Columbian exchange

Juan Ponce de León landed in what is now the state of ________ on the North American continent.

Florida

The nation where some of the worst violence associated with the religious wars of the sixteenth century took place was _______ , where the persecution of the Huguenots occurred.

France

When Columbus first reached the Bahamas, he thought he was on the coast of ______. Multiple choice question. China Japan India the Mun

Japan

When Columbus first reached the Bahamas, he thought he was on the coast of ______. Multiple choice question. India the Mundus Novus China Japan

Japan

The artist ______ ______, who was appointed governor of the second Roanoke colony, hoped his leadership would allow European settlers and Native Americans to coexist peacefully. Multiple choice question. Walter Raleigh John White John Smith Ralph L

John White

Unlike the benevolent and merciful God of the reformer ______ ________, the God of the theologian John Calvin was omnipotent and controlling.

Martin Luther

What group of indigenous people did Columbus encounter and term "Indians"? Multiple choice question. the Mexica the Inca the Taino the Aztec

Taino

By the sixteenth century, England had adopted the ______ Christian faith. Multiple choice question. Protestant Eastern Orthodox Catholic Northern Orthodox

Protestant

Which statement about the overall history of slavery is most accurate? Multiple choice question. Slavery has existed throughout human history, and it has always been based on race. Europeans did little to increase the scope or change the nature of slavery. Slavery has existed throughout human history and has taken various forms. Pri

Slavery has existed throughout human history and has taken various forms.

Which of the following correctly describe sugar production? Multiple select question. Sugar cane spoiled easily. It required constant tending. It was expensive to cultivate. It only grew on tropical islands

Sugar cane spoiled easily. It required constant tending. It was expensive to cultivate.

Which best describes rival European powers' response to Spanish successes in the the Americas? Multiple choice question. They immediately sought to imitate Spain's example. They took little action during most of the sixteenth century. They became intimidated by Spanish power. They went

They took little action during most of the 16th century

Which of the following statements about the Roanoke people and their leader Wingina is true? Multiple choice question. The Roanokes urged Wingina to trade with the English, but he resisted. Wingina felt he and his people should go to any length to avoid contact with the English. Wingina had most likely encountered or heard of Europeans before meeting Walter Raleigh and his fellow travelers in 1584. The Roanokes had no knowledge of European tools or commodities prior to 1584.

Wingina had most likely encountered or heard of Europeans before meeting Walter Raleigh and his fellow travelers in 1584.

Which of the following characteristics did the Aztec and Spanish civilizations share? Multiple choice question. knowledge of world geography usage of firearms a largely rural and agricultural population an extensive oceangoing trade network

a large rural and agricultural population

Henry VIII of England's great, worldly goal was ______. Multiple choice question. unimpeded divorce for himself and other sovereigns multiple wives to combine the role of king with that of pope a male heir

a male heir

By the late fifteenth century, the focal point of European sugar production shifted to the Azores and other islands in the eastern ______ that were noted for their rich, volcanic soil. Multiple choice question. Gulf of Mexico Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean

atlantic ocean

The expedition of Hernán de Soto was notable for its ______. Multiple choice question. success in finding riches brutal treatment of native peoples failure to return home trading partnerships

brutal treatment of native peoples

One of the consequences of Hernán de Soto's venture into North America was the ______. Multiple choice question. discovery of large gold deposits decentralization of native chiefdoms Spanish acquisition of Florida negotiation of a peace treaty with the Mississippian people

decentralization of native chiefdoms

In the eyes of European explorers, inhabitants of the Caribbean, unlike those in Africa, were ______. Multiple choice question. dim-witted innocent docile hostile

docile

James I's goal as monarch was to ______. Multiple choice question. embolden adventurers to exploit the Americas establish an efficient bureaucracy in orderly colonies identify the next generation of Raleighs and Gilberts challenge the Spanish in any way possible

establish an efficient bureaucracy in orderly colonies

What did Francisco Vázquez de Coronado expect to find on his expedition? Multiple choice question. the fabled "fountain of youth" a place in which he could establish a series of missions to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity even greater riches than had already been discovered by others a water route to the Pacific

even greater riches than had already been discovered by others

One of Martin Luther's more radical beliefs at the time was that ______. Multiple choice question. the papacy should be eliminated priests should marry attendance at church was unnecessary and optional everyone should read and interpret the Bible for himself or herself

everyone should read and interpret the Bible for him/herself

One of Martin Luther's more radical beliefs at the time was that ______. Multiple choice question. priests should marry attendance at church was unnecessary and optional the papacy should be eliminated everyone should read and interpret the Bible for himself or herself

everyone should read and interpret the Bible for himself or herself

Bartolomé de Las Casas helped popularize the so-called "Black Legend" of Spain, which indicted the empire for its ______. Multiple choice question. denigration of women ruthless piracy exploitation of natives imperial aggression

exploitation of natives

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado's strangling of his Native American guide was representative of the ______. Multiple choice question. deceptions used by Spaniards to achieve their goals growing cruelty toward native peoples that characterized the frustrated conquistadors methods Spaniards used to punish disobedient native peoples desire of the conquistadors to keep all riches found for themselves

growing cruelty toward native peoples that characterized the frustrated conquistadors

Why did the Roanoke leader Wingina favor establishing a relationship with the English? Multiple choice question. He needed an ally against Spanish incursions. He sought regular access to their trade goods. He wanted their assistance in subduing nearby groups.

he sought regular access to their trade goods

Why did the Roanoke leader Wingina favor establishing a relationship with the English? Multiple choice question. He sought regular access to their trade goods. He needed an ally against Spanish incursions. He wanted their assistance in subduing nearby groups. He believed it would save his people from a massacre.

he sought regular access to their trade goods

After creating the Church of England, King Henry VIII made the shrewd political decision to ______. Multiple choice question. ally with French Protestants to defeat Spanish Catholics name himself the head of the church maintain close ties to the Catholic pope allo

name himself the head of the church

Which of the following was not a major reason for early Spanish explorers' interest in the lands and peoples of the Americas? Multiple choice question. a desire to find funding sources that would allow the Spanish to complete the Reconquest. opportunities to acquire gold and other treasures a desire to compete with Portugal o

opportunities to acquire gold and other treasures

In order to obtain trading privileges, the Portuguese had to ______. Multiple choice question. convert to traditional African religions pay tribute or taxes to African leaders provide enslaved Europeans to African leaders destroy most coastal African settlements

pay tribute or taxes to African leaders

Which of the following items was an important African commodity? Multiple choice question. silk salt pepper silver

pepper

Early modern Europe was volatile because of its ______. Multiple choice question. rampant crime powerful kings irreligious population fluid social structure

rampant crime

The Christian conflict in Europe known as the Protestant _______ embroiled European kingdoms in disputes that distracted them from schemes of colonization and conquest.

reformation

Spain enjoyed relative freedom in the Americas during most of the sixteenth century partly because of ______. Multiple choice question. its military dominance religious upheavals in Europe the English Civil War the weakness of other

religious upheavals in Europe

Two members of the 1584 expedition to Virginia produced a text that ______. Multiple choice question. insisted upon the destruction of native populations served as a key source of information on North America and its people called for English settlements in America to grow in number and size criticized Raleigh's leadership of the colony

served as a key source of information on North America and its people

Which of the following statements about Europe in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries are true? Multiple select question. There was little warfare during that time. People lived long lives if they survived infancy. Europe had high levels of infant mortality due to undernourishment and disease.

- Europe had high levels of infant mortality due to undernourishment and disease. - Most of Europe's people made their living from the land.

Which of the following statements about early modern Europe are correct? The authority of local lords over their lands was nearly absolute. Nobles and aristocrats enjoyed incomes hundreds of times larger than those of commoners. Government centralization alleviated many problems. Despite some problems, a general feeling of security prevailed. For most

- The authority of local lords over their lands was nearly absolute. - Nobles and aristocrats enjoyed incomes hundreds of times larger than those of commoners. - For most people life was brutal, dangerous, and short.

Why didn't Portugal colonize West Africa before the nineteenth century? Multiple select question. West Africa lacked the resources to sustain a profitable colony. There were too many people living there to easily conquer. West African powers were well organized and protected their land.

- There were too many people living there to easily conquer. - West African powers were well organized and protected their land. - Malaria killed a large number of Portuguese settlers.

As compared to the medieval popes, fifteenth-century popes were ______. Multiple choice question. more focused on educating priests less "showy" in their demeanor more powerful more attentive to religious concerns

more powerful

What was the first continent to experience Europe's expansionist activities? Multiple choice question. Australia Africa North America South America

Africa

The ______ and the growth of the Ottoman Empire reduced Portuguese access to traditional sources of slave labor for their sugar plantations. Multiple choice question. Columbian exchange Black Death destruction of Pompeii

Black Death

True or false: By the time the Spanish conquistadors arrived, the Aztecs had firm control over all of the city-states in central Mexico. True false question.TrueFalse

False

True or false: Following the colonization of the Americas, people from Spain immigrated in large numbers. True false question.TrueFalse

False

Which of the following statements about early modern Europe are correct? Multiple select question. Despite some problems, a general feeling of security prevailed. For most people life was brutal, dangerous, and short. Nobles and aristocrats enjoyed incomes hundreds of times larger than those of commoners. The authority of local lords over their lands was nearly absolute. Gov

For most people life was brutal, dangerous, and short. Nobles and aristocrats enjoyed incomes hundreds of times larger than those of commoners. The authority of local lords over their lands was nearly absolute.

Which best summarizes the Calvinist belief in predestination? Multiple choice question. Satan is predestined to defeat God. All of the events depicted in the Bible were planned, or predestined, by God. God has already chosen, or predestined, certain people for salvation. Certain events are simply meant to happen because they are predestined by God

God has already chosen, or predestined, certain people for salvation

Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to support the voyage of Columbus after they completed the reconquista, which was achieved when they took the kingdom of in 1492.

Granada

In 1519 the Spanish conquistador _________ _________ made the first European contact with the Aztecs, who ruled a vast empire in what is now Mexico.

Hernando Cortes

In his plea to the queen to settle America, the English clergyman Richard Hakluyt made all of the following arguments except _blank_. Multiple choice question. that it was imperative to counter the growing French threat that the New World would serve as a market for English goods that England could search for a Northwest Passage that it was crucial to spread Protestantism

it was imperative to counter the growing French threat

What was the crusaders' biggest obstacle to profitable sugar production in the Holy Land? Multiple choice question. Its production was labor-intensive. There were no ships to transport it. It was very expensive to produce and the crusaders lacked access to funds. There wer

its production was labor intensive

Which of the following does not represent a cultural advantage the Spanish had over the Aztecs? Multiple choice question. possession of firearms ocean navigation metal tools knowledge of diseases

knowledge of diseases

The cruelties of the Spanish fueled the belief that Native Americans would welcome the English as ______. Multiple choice question. settlers Protestants liberators stern leaders

liberators

After creating the Church of England, King Henry VIII made the shrewd political decision to ______. Multiple choice question. maintain close ties to the Catholic pope name himself the head of the church allow Catholics to freely practice their faith ally with French Protestants to defeat Spanish Catholics

made himself the head of the church

The English Reformation, unlike that in other Protestant nations, took the form of ______. Multiple choice question. monarchical resistance against the reign of the pope a wholesale rejection of Catholic doctrine the building of thousands of new churches a massacre of English Catholics

monarchial resistance against the reign of the pope

One of the advantages that allowed the Spanish to intimidate and eventually defeat the Aztecs was ______. Multiple choice question. knowledge of the history of warfare sophisticated military maneuvers highly trained warriors adva

advanced metal weaponry

Juan Ponce de León's first expedition onto the mainland was met by ______ among the native inhabitants. Multiple choice question. enthusiastic traders armed resistance welcoming parties religious leaders

armed resistance

How did James I view the king of Spain? Multiple choice question. as the only monarch of equal power, and therefore his only real enemy as a sworn enemy who had bedeviled James's cousin, Elizabeth I as a godless Catholic as an enviable monarch of wealth

as an enviable monarch of wealth

With whom did the Portuguese establish partnerships in Africa? Multiple choice question. everyone they encountered high-ranking Africans on the coast no one high-ranking Africans in the interior

high ranking Africans on the coast

Unlike the first Roanoke expedition, the second one ______. Multiple choice question. established a colony built on the concept of social equality defeated the native inhabitants profited handsomely from the cultivation of tobacco included more settlers and better incentives to undertake the journey

included more settlers and better incentives to undertake the journey

During the thirteenth century one of the ways that the Catholic Church expanded its influence and wealth was through the sale of ________ , which promised to shorten the time spent in purgatory after death.

indulgences

A significant factor in the Aztec defeat was the ______. Multiple choice question. internal opposition to Aztec rule common belief that the Spaniards were gods weakness of the Aztec military hierarchy greater number of Spanish troops

internal opposition to Aztec rule

Two members of the 1584 expedition to Virginia produced a text that ______. Multiple choice question. criticized Raleigh's leadership of the colony insisted upon the destruction of native populations called for English settlements in America to grow in number and size served as a key source of info on North America and its people

served as a key sourced of info on North America and its people

The crusaders relied, in part, on ______ to make their sugar plantations in the Holy Land profitable. Multiple choice question. Turkish financial partners skilled Seljuk women their knowledge of American sugar production slave labor

slave labor

When Portuguese explorers reached the Atlantic coast of central and southern Africa, they found ______. Multiple choice question. no African kingdoms no commercial routes or hubs weak African kingdoms strong Afri

strong African kingdoms

After Columbus's contact with the Americas, Europeans brought ______ back to Europe, which broke out in more virulent form than ever before. Multiple choice question. the Black Death smallpox malaria syphilis

syphilis

Which era marked the shift from slave to serf labor in Europe? Multiple choice question. the early modern era the Middle Ages the Renaissance the modern era

the Middle Ages

Which of the following factors made China a powerful presence in the early modern world? Multiple choice question. the inherited wealth of the Qing dynasty China's military might the monopoly China had on Middle Eastern trade

the demand for Chinese goods

Inadequate infrastructure and constant warfare in early modern Europe threatened ______. Multiple choice question. monarchical authority the food supply religious solidarity the stability o

the food supply