HIST. 201 - Chapter 15: "What Is Freedom?": Reconstruction (1865 - 1877) Multiple Choice/Review Questions

a. true

"Scalawags" were southern white Republicans. a. true b. false

a. people who held a view advocating social, political, and other rights for women equal to those of men

"The destruction of slavery led feminists to search for ways to make the promise of free labor real for women." Define "feminists" in this context a. people who held a view advocating social, political, and other rights for women equal to those of men b. women who sought to destroy the nation's integrity by insisting that girls and young women receive separate educations c. women who wanted to volunteer their labor and time for causes they thought important d. men and women who wanted the promise of free labor extended to the destruction of slavery

a. true

After emancipation, many freedwomen withdrew from work in the fields and focused their energies at home. a. true b. false

a. true

Among the most important accomplishments of Reconstruction in state governments was the establishment of the South's first state-supported public schools. a. true b. false

a. true

Black Americans continued to hold offices in the South until the 1890s. a. true b. false

c. were often convicted of homelessness and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction _______. a. were often put on trains and sent out West b. were often put on trains and sent to northern cities c. were often convicted of homelessness and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine d. were convicted and sentenced to execution

a. true

Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens argues that planters' land should be confiscated and redistributed among former slaves. a. true b. false

a. non-slave labor in a market economy

Define "free labor," as meant in the section on the free labor system a. non-slave labor in a market economy b. voluntary labor done without pay c. labor you donate to a cause because you believe in it and so work for free d. labor that was without cost to the business owner

a. true

During Radical Reconstruction, following ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, the vast majority of eligible African-Americans registered to vote. a. true b. false

a. true

During Reconstruction, a number of state governments initiated civil rights legislation that made it illegal for railroads, hotels, and other institutions to discriminate on the basis of race. a. true b. false

a. true

During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them 14 in the United States House of Representatives and 2 U.S. Senators. a. true b. false

d. all of the above

During Reconstruction, the black church functioned as a vital setting for __________ a. political mobilization b. worship c. schooling d. all of the above

c. saw the price of cotton fall steadily

Following the Civil War, white and black farmers in the South ___________. a. experienced extremely high prices for cotton b. experienced rapidly rising prices on all agricultural crops c. saw the price of cotton fall steadily d. saw a leveling off of the price of cotton to pre-war levels

a. true

In 1866, the Civil Rights Bill became the first major law in American history to be passed over a presidential veto. a. true b. false

a. true

In 1873, the country was plunged into an economic depression and support among Republicans for further reforms in the South weakened. a. true b. false

a. none

In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction? a. none b. take up leadership positions in the Deep South c. take up leadership positions in the border states d. take up leadership positions in the federal government, but not in individual state governments

a. true

In the Slaughterhouse Cases (1873), the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment had not altered traditional federalism. a. true b. false

d. returned to its former owners

In the summer of 1865, President Andrew Johnson ordered nearly all land in federal hands to be ________. a. given to freed blacks b. given to poor blacks and whites c. given to the railroads d. returned to its former owners

b. British Guiana

In which of the following nations was the institution of slavery replaced by indentured servitude? a. Haiti b. British Guiana c. West Indies d. England

b. ensure a fair and viable system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders

One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to ______________. a. induce former slaves to work for free, at least until they proved their usefulness to potential employers b. ensure a fair and viable system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders c. encourage whites to work for blacks, as a way to deepen interracial understanding d. encourage freed people to move out West, where they could make a new start

a. true

Opposition to Reconstruction resulted from the distaste many southerners had for tax increases to fund public schools and other mandated improvements, and also because many white southerners could not accept black Americans voting, holding office, and enjoying equality before the law. a. true b. false

b. false

Presidential Reconstruction (1865 - 1867) was a success. a. true b. false

a. the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal right for all, regardless of race

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that ___________. a. the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race b. the government should minimize its involvement in the economy and allow laissez faire to flourish c. migrant fugitives should be repatriated d. they should ally themselves with the president in an effort to bring about "freedom and justice for all."

b. false

Redeemers saved the South from the corrupt ways of Reconstruction politics and "redeemed" the South for fair and equal treatment for all Americans. a. true b. false

a. allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year

Sharecropping ________. a. allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year b. meant that black families shared their crops with each other, especially in times of hardship or drought c. was a method of harvesting crops such that the soil was left intact for the next year's planting d. was a government-led economic initiative that sought to have people share the wealth in rural towns and in the countryside

b. false

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, leading figures in the women's rights movement, were strong supporters of the Fifteenth Amendment. a. true b. false

a. true

The Bargain of 1877 marked the formal end to Reconstruction. a. true b. false

a. true

The Black Codes denied black Americans the right to testify against whites, serve on juries or in state militias, or vote. a. true b. false

b. laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves

The Black Codes were ____________. a. codes of honor by which newly freed black Americans lived b. laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves c. secret codes used by freed blacks in regions where the KKK was strongest d. a secret code combining elements of Creole and Pidgin English

b. false

The Black Codes were laws passed by southern Republicans to promote black rights. a. true b. false

a. defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses; and under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 ___________. a. defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses; and under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen b. asserted South Carolina's right to nullify any federal law it deemed improper or unjust c. sought to sue for peace with Britain and Spain in the wake of the resurgence of international tensions surrounding imperialist filibustering d. sought to enforce the Black Codes in places where they were not being properly adjudicated

b. false

The Fifteenth Amendment granted the vote to white women but not black women. a. true b. false

a. prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ____________ a. prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race b. guaranteed freed slaves citizenship c. ended slavery and indentured servitude d. made the income tax constitutional

d. the Tenure of Office Act

The House of Representatives approved articles of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson for violation of what law? a. the Reconstruction Act b. the Fourteenth Amendment c. the Civil Rights Act d. the Tenure of Office Act

b. false

The Ku Klux Klan sought to uphold the American ideal of equality and justice for all. a. true b. false

a. true

The Ku Klux Klan was founded in 1866 as a social club in Tennessee and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party. a. true b. false

b. divided the South into five military districts and called the creation of the new state governments, with black men given the right to vote

The Reconstruction Act of March 1867 _________. a. allowed the Redeemers to reconstruct the South in the North's image b. divided the South into five military districts and called the creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote c. voided the Supreme Court's decision in Ex parte Michigan d. barred the president from removing certain officeholders, including Cabinet members, without consent of the Senate

b. false

The Reconstruction governments helped turn the South into a vibrant and successful hub of dynamic and expansive economic growth, allowing many African-Americans to escape from poverty. a. true b. false

a. true

The period of Radical Reconstruction began in March 1867 with Congress's adoption of the Reconstruction Act over the president's veto and ended in 1877. a. true b. false

b. false

Under Radical Reconstruction, blacks held most of the South's top elected positions. a. true b. false

d. Andrew Johnson

Upon Lincoln's assassination ____________ became president a. Ulysses S. Grant b. John Addams c. Andrew Jackson d. Andrew Johnson

c. the nation

What was being reconstructed (constructed again) in Reconstruction? a. the West b. slavery c. the nation d. the Civil War

a. redistribution of the former slaveowners' land among the freed slaves

Which of the following was NOT a central thrust of the Reconstruction amendments to the Constitution? a. redistribution of the former slaveowners' land among the freed slaves b. equal citizenship for blacks and whites c. the right to vote, regardless of race d. empowerment of the federal government to protect citizens' rights

b. a deepening of mutual respect between black and white southerners, making Reconstruction seem no longer necessary

Which of the following was NOT a major cause of the decline of Reconstruction? a. the use of fraud and terror to prevent blacks from voting or running for office b. a deepening of mutual respect between black and white southerners, making Reconstruction seem no longer necessary c. a growing perception among northerners that southern blacks were unfit for equal citizenship d. a growing weariness in the North with the sectional issue and the burdens of enforcing Reconstruction

c. it inspired a mass exodus of southern blacks to lands that had never known slavery

Which of the following was NOT a major effect of Reconstruction (at its height) on southern society? a. it saw the federal government take a direct role in the relations between black and white southerners b. it saw the spread of schools and churches across the South, built by and for African-Americans c. it inspired a mass exodus of southern blacks to lands that had never known slavery d. it helped restrain southern whites from exploiting the labor of former slaves

c. they believed the growth of federal power needed to be expanded

Which was NOT true of Liberal Republicans in the post-Civil War era? a. they nominated Horace Greeley for president b. they formed their own political party c. they believed the growth of federal power needed to be expanded d. they were less committed to equal rights for blacks than the Radial Republicans had been

b. the family, the church, the school

Which were central elements in the lives of post-emancipation blacks in the 20 years following the end of the Civil War? a. the family, the corporations, the university b. the family, the church, the school c. the boss, the cabin, the library d. the boss, the library, the farm

b. false

While corruption was almost nonexistent in the North, it as rampant in the South. a. true b. false

c. Andrew Johnson

Who among the following was NOT a leader of the Radical Republicans? a. Charles Sumner b. Thaddeus Stevens c. Andrew Johnson d. Benjamin Wade

c. to support black churches and businesses

which was NOT a principal task of the Freedmen's Bureau (1865 - 1870)? a. the establishment of schools b. to secure former slaves equal treatment before the courts c. to support black churches and businesses d. to provide aid to the poor and aged