Hist 222 Final Exam
Title IX
"No person in the US shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from any program or activity that receives federal financial assistance"
John L. Sullivan offered how much money to any man who could stay in the ring with him for four rounds?
$1,000
in 2001, ABC paid how much for the rights to televise the BCS bowl games?
$550 million
Ty Cobb still holds the record for highest lifetime batting average in history. What is it?
.367
Changes Brought by TV
1) People in the suburbs did not want to go into town to attend the game, so they just watched it instead. 2) The games crappy angles and broadcasting turned fans off of the sport all together and pushed to football and boxing.
Reasons Basketball were invented
1) To span the time between football season and baseball season 2) restore order in gym classes among the competitors bored with gymnastics
How many seasons during his 24-year career did Ty Cobb win the batting championship?
12
Which Olympic Games were NOT cancelled due to war?
1920
In what year did the NCAA start to be a cartel?
1950s
What year saw the Soviet Union first compete in the Olympic Games?
1952
Which of the following Olympic games was NOT affected in some way by a boycott?
1988
Francis Ouimet
20-year-old former caddy at Brookline Country Club in Boston who won the 1913 U.S. Open at his home course in a playoff over great British champions Harry Vardon (winner of the British Open Championship a record of six times) and Ted Ray.
By 1940, approximately how many baseball players were affiliated with the St. Louis Cardinals though their various farm clubs?
700
How many total teams were added to Major League Baseball during its first expansion by the end of the 1960s?
8
NCAA Tournament
A 1970 NCAA rule made this tournament THE tournament to get invited to. Disallowing teams to play in multiple post-season tournaments allowed for this tournament to crown the official national champion.
Harry Wills
A Black boxer that was a challenger to Dempsey for the boxing title. Was not granted the fight because of his race.
Original Celtics
A barnstorming professional basketball team in the 1920s. There is no relation to the modern Boston Celtics. Often credited with extending the reach of basketball across America and for establishing the importance of aggressive defensive play. As a group, the team was enshrined into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1959.
Hank Luisetti
A basketball star for Stanford. Was a pioneer in the art of the "Jump Shot" and showed it off at the Garden Games
Old Q
A con-man or gambler. He would bet on anything except his own death.
The Long Count
A count that helped Gene Tunney beat Jack Dempsey. Spectators believe that Tunney had been knocked down for much longer than 9 seconds when the officials allowed the match to continue.
Jack Dempsey
A great fighter in the era after WW1. This boxer fought against a frenchmen and the fight was highly promoted
Harlem Globetrotters
A group of black basketball players from Chicago named the savory big 5 was relocated to New York and would be known for their showmanship.
1960's Baseball Rule Changes
A larger strike zone was added to speed up games. Lowered mound height from 15 inches to 10. Umpires would call balls and strikes based on a De Facto Strike Zone and not the one in the rulebook. Designated hitter added to the American League.
Black Sox
A scandal where the Chicago White Sox were to throw the 1919 World Series because their best players were paid by gamblers to throw it. White Sox players felt as if they had not been getting paid what they were worth.
Gibson Girl
A tall, slim, athletic-looking girl. This image helped change America's views on athletic women.
Battle of the Sexes
A tennis match against Riggs (male) and King (female) that would be watched by 40 milling people. King won but males claimed it was because she was younger.
AAGBBL
ALL-American Girls Baseball League. Would fold in 1954 because of internal league issues.
Tommie Smith and John Carlos
African-American track athletes who raised their fists in a "Black Power" salute during the medal ceremony in the 1968 Mexico City Olympics. They were both kicked off the team and given 48 hours to leave Mexico City
NCAA Sanity Code
Allowed Colleges to pay for athletes school tuition if the student met academic levels and shows financial need.
New Age of Pitcher
Along with the new larger strike zone, better defensive equipment, and larger parks made the game easier for pitchers.
Dead Ball Era
Also known as the "National Commission" era because prior to 1920 major league baseball was governed by a commission (committee) rather than a single commissioner. It got its name because the ball used during the time was less tightly wound and seemed softer than later years.
Flying Wedge
Also known as the mass-momentum play first used by Harvard. The five heaviest players would from a V-shaped wedge around the ball carrier and run over opponents. These plays caused the most injuries in the early days of football.
Bobby Jones
Amateur who was the first dominant force in American golf. Between 1923 and 1930 he won five U.S. Amateur Championships, four U.S. Opens, three British Opens and one British Amateur championship. In 1930 he captured all four of the championships in the same season which was known as the Grand Slam. He retired after that season and designed Augusta National which would play host the Masters Tournament.
Which of the following was NOT a way amateur golfers were distinguished from professionals?
Amateurs were not allowed in the clubhouse
ABA
American Basketball Association. Had teams such as the Pacers, Nuggets, Nets, and Spurs.
Avery Brundage
American Olympic team member in 1912 who would later serve as president of the American Olympic Committee and IOC
1992 "Dream Team"
American basketball team during the 1922 Olympics that consisted of professional players for the first time. It is widely believed to be the greatest basketball team ever assembled and easily won the gold metal.
Johnny Weismuller
American swimmer who set Olympic and world records in 100 and 400 meter events in 1924 and 1928 and would later become famous portraying Tarzan in many Hollywood movies
Helen Wills
American tennis player that faced off against Lenglen. The match brought in more excitement than the Olympics. Lenglen would win the match.
Point Shaving
An act were players would purposely "take it easy" to earn money because of a gambling point spread on the game.
Tim Donaghy
An official for the NBA who bet on games in which he officiated.
Garden Games
An organized basketball double header tournament where local (NYC) basketball teams would face the top basketball teams in the country. The games would take place in Madison Square Garden
Flapper
An outgoing female who "wore her emotions on her sleeve". Seen in the 1920's
Myth of Greek Amateurism
Ancient greeks were believed to be amateurs but they were actually mostly professionals in a sense
Which of the following golfers was NOT born in 1912?
Arnold Palmer
Nebraska Football
As a charter member of the Big 8, this schools football team would be nationally recognized for having a passionate fanbase and deep roots. Originally called the Bugeaters, this team would change its name in 1900. "Bummy" Booth's undefeated season allowed for the popularity of this schools' team to rise. Legendary coaches such as Tom Osborne and Bob Devaney changed this football program.
Fred McMullin
As a utility infielder for the White Sox, this player would be included in the scheme because he found out and threatened to tell.
AIAW
Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women. Organized female sports after Title IX passed.
Which of the following cities hosted the first modern Olympic games?
Athens
Which of the following was 19th Century technological breakthrough NOT mentioned in Chapter 2?
Automobiles
Babe Ruth was born in which city?
Baltimore
Which team won the 1958 NFL Championship?
Baltimore Colts
BAA
Basketball Association of America
Phog Allen
Basketball Coach of the University of Kansas from 1919 to 1956. (succeeded Naismith as coach at Kansas) Was a top winningest coach in college basketball
Larry Bird
Basketball player from Indiana State. Went on to play for the Boston Celtics. Was selected a year before coming out of college to play in the NBA. Played for the Dream Team.
Magic Johnson
Basketball player from Michigan State. Went on to play for the Los Angeles Lakers. Career ended when Diagnosed with HIV. Played for the Dream Team.
Michael Jordan
Basketball player from North Carolina. Went on to play for the Chicago Bulls. Retired from basketball to play minor league baseball for a year (murder of his father). Won 6 Championships with bulls. Was revolutionary in branding with Nike.
George Mikan
Basketball player that led the Minneapolis Lakers to their first titles. Was the only driving force in that Minneapolis Dynasty. Retired around when Bill Russell joined the league.
James J. Corbett
Beat Sullivan with strategy and science. Fought in first match to use the new rules for a Boxing Title.
Jack Johnson
Became the first dominating black boxer. The white community would be in search for a Great White Hope to defeat him.
UCLA
Became the first great college basketball dynasty lead by John Wooden. Combined for a record 88 consecutive wins over two seasons.
John Wooden
Became the head coach of the UCLA Bruins in 1948. Would win 10 national championships at UCLA.
Babe Ruth
Began his professional career as a pitcher for the Boston Red Sox and later would transform the game of baseball when he was sold to the Yankees in 1920 and started hitting home runs. Others are often thrown into the mix with him when the "greatest player of all time" discussions happen, but no one else changed the game like he did in the 1920s.
"Social Darwinism"
Belief that only the strongest cultures and nations will survive.
Pudge Heffelfinger
Believed to be the first professional football player in American history.
Which of the following stakes horse races was run first?
Belmont Stakes
Pete Rose Scandal
Bet on baseball games as a part of the reds. Was outlawed from baseball for life.
Which Conference did Nebraska FIRST belong to?
Big 8
BCS
Bowl Championship Series
Rocky Marciano
Boxer that went 49-0 in his career.
John Cox Stevens was associated with all of the following sports EXCEPT
Boxing
Civil War and Boxing
Boxing lived on through the civil war. Many soldier would box during ceasefires.
Tex Rickard
Boxing promoter that created some of the biggest crowds for fights that the sport had ever seen.
Pre-20th Century Views on gambling
British Festive Culture favored gambling. Puritans viewed it was sinful so they outlawed the sports that would attract gambling
Arnold Palmer
Brought golf into the television age with his go-for-broke style and everyman persona. He was crowned the "King" by the golf fans and remains one of the most beloved figures in the sport.
Jack Nicklaus
Came along in the 1960s as a rival for Palmer. He was never embraced by the public the way Palmer was. He would go on to win more major championships than anyone (18) and is often considered the greatest player of all time.
Walter Camp
Captain for the Yale football team and advisor to the team after his graduation. Creator of many innovations in the game including separating the two teams with a line of scrimmage. Eventually would be known as the "Father of American Football because of his contributions to the game.
Notre Dame
Catholic school founded in South Bend, Indiana, in 1844. By the early 20th century, it was known for its academics and baseball team.
Which of the following was not a trait of 19th Century Victorians?
Catholicism
John L. Sullivan
Challenged anyone in the world to beat him. if someone did, they would win somewhere from 1,000 to 10,000 dollars. Later became the Heavyweight Champion.
Walter Byers
Changed the rules to allow schools to award scholarships based on athletic ability alone.
The game of Toil was primarily associated with which native tribe?
Chocktaw
Polls
Coach's poll and AP top 25 could be seen every year in college football.
Which of the following was NOT a finding of the Carnegie Report?
College football is too dangerous and should be discontinued
John McEnroe
Combustible "Bad Bou" of tennis who came on the scene in the late 70s as a rival for Connors. He would also have a tremendous rivalry with the Swede Bjorn Borg including denying Borg a sixth consecutive championship at Wimbledon in 1981. McEnroe would end his career with seven grand slam titles.
1922 Supreme Court Decision
Concerning MLB, the culmination of a lawsuit initiated by the Federal League, guy of FL couldn't buy into the NL, Supreme Court decision exempted MLB from anti-trust laws, applied only to baseball
Wilt Chamberlain
Considered one of most dominated players in basketball history. Needed changes to the game's rules to limit him. Often faced triple team defenders in college. Played for the Harlem Globetrotters between college and the NBA
Cage game
Continuous game of basketball where there was no out of bounds because of a cage surrounding the entire court.
Cardinals Farm System
Created by Branch Rickey, he purchased direct ownership of various minor league clubs, by the 1930s the Cardinals' system included 32 clubs and 700 players, get money or talent
Byron Nelson
Credited with creating the "modern swing" which involved more leg turn and power from the lower half of the body. In 1945 he won 18 tournaments including a PGA-record 11 in a row. He retired shortly after at the age of 34 to buy a ranch.
Which of the following of the following players was NOT mentioned in the text as having ties to steroids?
Darin Erstad
Sugar Ray Leonard
Defeated Roberto Duran and won a gold metal in the 1976 Olympics
Which of the following was NOT a reason John Montgomery Ward and the Players' Union decided to from their own league in 1890?
Dislike of the current rules of the game
Dynasties
Domination by large cities in the game, the big market teams dominated, larger attendances = more money, ex. Boston, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles
College Football's Modern Age
Due to the violence of the game, the NCAA made many rule changes. These changes included recruiting players, increased yards from 5 to 10, implementation of a "neutral zone," a fourth official, legalization of the forward pass, passes could be thrown over 20 hard and over the goal line for a touchdown, number of downs from 3 to 4, touchdowns from 5 to 6 points, etc.
Age of the Homerun
During the 1920s, end of dead ball era, home runs increased, possible reasons include smaller parks, the new "jackrabbit ball," outlawing of spitball, and the use of more balls
Depression Effect on Baseball
During the 1930s, decline in popularity, people don't have the money, Babe Ruth's career declines and he retires in 1935, FDR tells baseball to keep going because it would be a diversion
Mark Spitz
During the 1972 games he set a swimming record with seven gold medals that stood until Michael Phelps received eight in 2008
Ted Williams
During the same season that DiMaggio was batting in 56 consecutive games (1941), the Red Sox outfielder batted .406. No player since has batted over .400. Many consider Williams the greatest pure hitter of all time.
Pete Sampras
Emerged as the greatest of these American players of the decade. He held the number one ranking in the world for most of the decade and retired in 2003 with 14 grand slam titles-most of all time.
Sam Snead
Enjoyed one of the longest careers in golf history with 46 years separating his first victories from his last. He still holds the records for most total wins in his career (165) and most on the PGA Tour (52).
Benjamin Franklin is most associated with which cultural moment?
Enlightenment
First Era of Modern Baseball
Era in baseball where attendance struggled, dynasties dominated, teams expanded/relocated, and rule changes helped pitchers.
Second Era of Modern Baseball
Era in baseball where the league had its' first major expansion and addition of a new strike zone with some other rule changes.
Third Era of Modern Baseball
Era in baseball where the league had its' second major expansion with the addition of the Wild Card and issues with PEDs.
Merkle Boner
Error made by New York Giant Fred Merkle against the Chicago Cubs in a late season game in 1908 that ultimately cost the Giants the pennant.
Winter Games
Established by Coubertin to handle the controversy between Paris and Rome hosting the 1924 games, both games held the same year until 1992
United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA)
Established in 1881 and began hosting the United States championships at James Gordon Bennett's Casino Club in Newport, RI for 34 years until the tournament was moved to Forest Hills, NY, in 1915.
AFL teams won the first two Super Bowls
False
According to Knickerbockers Rules, the bases were 45 paces apart
False
American Revolution no one participated in sports because it was illegal
False
Arnold Palmer remained an amateur his entire career
False
Babe Ruth never played for any team other than the Yankees
False
Babe Ruth was a prime example of the "inside game" of the 1920s
False
Bill Tilden was a British tennis player
False
FDR cancelled baseball during WWII
False
Franklin Roosevelt decided to cancel the 1942-45 baseball seasons because of WWII
False
IN 1984 two schools (Nebraska and Alabama) filed an unsuccessful lawsuit against the NCAA and their package television contracts
False
In 1912 the Army football team defeated the Carlisle Indian School
False
In baseball, expansion preceded relocation
False
In most cases immigrants stayed away from the Victorian Counterculture
False
In the summer of 2012 the NCAA approved an 8-team playoff
False
Jack Dempsey served in France during World War I
False
Jack Kramer wanted to keep the major tennis tournaments closed
False
John McEnroe refused to play on U.S. Davis Cup teams during his career
False
Players could bat in any order they wanted and could change that order in the middle of the game
False
Players could throw at runners to get them out as long as they hit them below the neck
False
Red Granged played college football for Notre Dame
False
The "Original" Celtics were exclusively a barnstorming team and never actually joined a league
False
The 1922 Supreme Court decision regarding anti-trust in baseball as initiated by the defunct Beer and Whiskey League
False
The All-Star game began the same year the World Series was born
False
The Carnegie Report called for the abolition of college football
False
The Cold War had no real effect on the Olumpics
False
The Continental Congress outlawed all sports and games except for cock fighting
False
The Golden Age of the NFL essentially ended after the NFL-AFL merger in the late 1960s
False
The Great Awakening was a good time for sports in America
False
The Second Great Awakening was shorter in length and not as widespread as the first Great Awakening
False
The Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961 affected ONLY the NFL
False
The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Curt Flood in his case challenging the Reserve Clause and the Reserve Clause was immediately lifted by Major League Baseball
False
The Walking City was an urban center in which settled areas were no more than 5 miles from the center of town
False
The baseball strike of 1994 caused the first cancellation of the World Series ever
False
The forward pass in college football was not legalized until the 1920s
False
The tactic known as the "rope-a-dope" was used by George Foreman to defeat Muhammad Ali int eh fight known as the "Ruble in the Jungle"
False
The world "pugilism" can be traced to the Vikings
False
Theodore Roosevelt wanted to outlaw college football but he was overruled by Congress
False
Under John Wooden the UCLA won 10 NCAA championships in a row
False
Walter Camp never actually played college football
False
Walter Camp never actually played football
False
Walter Hagen remained an amateur his entire career
False
Women were not allowed to compete int eh Olympics until after World War II
False
Bert Bell
First Owner of the Philadelphia Eagles and would also serve as NFL commissioner
Which of the following did NOT happen in the world of golf in the 1920s?
First US Open was staged
Lou Gehrig
First baseman of the Yankees, batted after Ruth, Ruth says he contributed to his success, part of the "Murders Row"
Jimmy Connors
First great American champion of the "Open Era." He won eight grand slam events in the 1970s and 80s and played competitive tennis well into his forties becoming somewhat of an elder-statesman in the game in to 1990s.
Bill Tilden
First great American champion who won six consecutive U.S. championships between 1920 and 1926. He was the number one player in the world for most of the 1920s. He would also win two Wimbledon titles before turning professional in 1930.
Wimbledon
First major tennis championship established at the All England Croquet Club near the Wimbledon train station in 1877.
Red Grange
First modern football hero who fit perfectly into the new middle class. He was an explosive player who played at Illinois and then in the brand-new National Football League. His ability to slip through tackler's hands earned him the nickname the "Galloping Ghost."
Paul Brown
Football coach who achieved success on three levels: High School (Massillon, OH), College (Ohio State), and professional (Cleveland Browns). His Browns team was one of three that the NFL absorbed in 1949. Innovative coach who was the first to call plays from the sideline and put assistant coaches in the press box for a better view of the game.
Curly Lambeau
Football player who was expelled from Notre Dame after it was discovered he played professionally. He then founded a professional team in his hometown of Green Bay, Wisconsin, known as the Packers on which he played for ten years and coached for 30 years.
Canton Bulldogs
Football team that reemerged in 1912 with the assistance of Jim Thorpe as a star player. Led to the creation of the APFA thanks to the owner of this team.
Charles "Cash and Carry" Pyle
Former theatre promoter who would gain fame as a sports promoter - most notably as Red Grange's agent.
Gene Tunney
Fought Jack Dempsey for the the Boxing title in 1926 and beat him by decision. Rematched him the next year on the same day and beat him again with the help of the long count.
Oberlin College
Founded in Ohio, this was the first college in the US to allow women and blacks in 1833.
Which major tennis championship was the first to open up to professional as well as amateurs?
French
Pierre de Coubertin
French nobleman who made it his mission to revive the Olympic Games and formed and served as the president of the IOC, which governed the games, for thirty years
Suzanna Lenglen
French tennis player. was the First international female superstar.
Connie Mack
Full name was Cornelius McGillicuddy and he was the manager and part-owner of the Philadelphia Athletics. He was Ban Johnson's idea of the perfect manager for the American League-he was sober, well dressed, and never argued with the umpires. His teams would embody the first dynasty of the American League.
Which of the following was NOT one of the four types of basketball games played at the turn of the 20th Century?
Game that had restrictions on passing
1968 Games in Mexico City
Games faced problems of race, religion, and inequality
1972 Olympic Games
Games held in Munich that were marred by a terrorist hostage-taking of Israeli. All the athletes were killed but the games were allowed to go on
Branch Rickey
General manager of the St. Louis Cardinals who can be credited with the birth of the Farm System when he began purchasing minor league clubs. By the 1930s the Cardinals' system included 32 clubs and 700 players.
Ty Cobb
Georgia native who played for the Detroit Tigers for 24 seasons and established the highest batting average of all time (.367). Although not well liked due to his abrasive personality, his abilities were always well-respected and he is often referred to as the greatest player ever.
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
Governed the olympic game for thirty years, made up of representatives from seven different nations, formed by Coubertin in 1894
Ben Hogan
Great rival of Snead's who was very different from him-much smaller and more serious. He was almost killed in a car accident in 1949 but came back to win the U.S. Open in 1950 and winning six of his nine major championships after the accident.
Roger Hornsby
Greatest right-handed batter of all time, coached the St. Louis Cardinals, did not drink smoke or go to movies, national league
Which Small NFL franchise survived the Great Depression?
Green Bay Packers
Which small NFL franchise survived the Great Depression?
Green Bay Packers
John McGraw
Hard-nosed former player for the Baltimore Orioles who took over as manager of the New York Giants in 1902 where he remained for 30 years.
Which college football team first implemented the "flying wedge"
Harvard
Which college football team first implemented the "flying wedge"?
Harvard
Why was Bill Tilden suspended by the USLTA in 1928?
He accepted money fro writing about tennis
Why did Harry Wills no get a shot at the heavyweight championship?
He was Black
Ban Johnson
He was a former sportswriter and editor in Cincinnati who would go on to take over the struggling minor Western Baseball League. After improving the status of the league immensely he decided to make it a major league to with the National League in 1899-he renamed it the American League.
Bob Devaney
Head Football coach for the Huskers starting in 1962. led them to 2 consecutive National Championships and promoted Tom Osborne to head coach when he stepped down.
Mike Krzyzewski
Head coach of Duke where he surpassed his 1,000th win in 2015
University of Kansas Basketball
Hired Naismith as first basketball coach and university's chapel director. Midwestern school that would become a basketball power. (Naismith had a losing record as a coach here)
Which of the following was NOT a change to the rules of baseball implemented by the 1880s?
Homerun outlawed
Which of the following was NOT something "Old Q" bet on?
How many wives the king would have
Offensive Formations
I-formation from Maryland. Wishbone offense from Texas. Veer Formation at Houston.
"Scientific Management"
Idea of Fredrick Taylor to treat workers in the new industrialized economy as cogs in a machine to increase productivity. Walter Camp transferred the idea over to football and the idea of organized play and emphasis on the team as opposed to the individual was born.
NCAA
In 1911 the ICAA was successful in getting the original rule committee of the "Big 3" to work with them and create drastic rule changes to football. Changed the name to National Collegiate Athletic Association and would be the governing body of all intercollegiate sports. The combination of it founding and the new rules changes brought college football in the modern age in 1912.
Baseball Relocation
In 1956 the owner of the dodgers wanted to relocate and convinced the owner of the giants to follow him to California. The Senators moved to Minneapolis, the Braves moved to Milwaukee, the A's moved to Kansas City, the Browns moved to Baltimore. This left only Chicago as a city with 2 teams before the first expansion in the 1960's
Performance Enhancing Drugs
In the 90's __________ were a large reason for baseball's reemergence into pop culture. Barry Bonds, Sammy Sosa, Mark McGwire and many more used these to break many records like the Home run record.
Baseball Expansion
In the early 60's: Washington and Los Angeles were each granted an American League team. New York and Houston were each granted a National League team. Beginning in 1969: baseball added 2 more teams to each league and needed a realignment. This created 2 divisions per league.
4-Team Playoff
In the summer of 2012, this post season solution was made to end the argument on if the # 3 or 4 team in the nation could beat # 1. It just led to more arguing.
1961 Sports Broadcasting Act
Included in Rozelle's "think league" ideology was the ability for the league to negotiate its own broadcasting rights. He was instrumental in advocating that this act be passed by congress to give the NFL and other sports leagues that power.
Bob Knight
Indiana Head coach that won 3 nation championships. nicknamed the "General" and amassed 902 wins.
After the pitcher-dominated decade of the 1960s which of the following was NOT a change made by Major League Baseball to bring back the offense in the game?
Introduced "juiced" baseballs to the game
James Naismith
Invented Basketball while being an instructor at the international training school for the YMCA by using peach baskets and a soccer ball
Olympics and the Cold War
Issues between the US and Soviet Union
Which of the follow players was MOST responsible for brining about the "Open Era" in tennis?
Jack Kramer
Rod Laver
Jack Kramer convinced Australian Rod Laver to go pro in 1962 and when many of the other great players did likewise it forced the grand slam tournaments to open up. Laver would win 200 titles including 11 grand slam victories and was ranked number one for seven consecutive seasons (1964-1970).
Which golfer has wont he most major championships in the history of the game?
Jack Nicklaus
Who finally knocked out Jack Johnson to take away the heavyweight championship in 1915?
Jess Willard
Abandonment of Amateurism
Juan Antonio Samaranch became the president of the IOC in 1980, he opened the games to all, by the Seoul games in 1988 the only athletes ineligible were professional boxers, soccor players over 23, and NBA players, After the Seoul games each countries committee was allowed to decide eligibility
Muhammad Ali
Known as Cassius Clay, would eveually change his name because of his conversion to Islam. Would be a force in the Boxing and Racial Movement world. Used the tactic of the rope-a-dope because it tired his opponents.
All of the following were reasons for the NBAs "Golden Age" EXCEPT
Kobe Byrant-Shaquille O'Neil rivalry
Joe Car
Leader of modernization of the NFL
Modern NFL
Led by Joe Carr, he made changes such as establishing uniform contracts for all players, can't play on other teams territory, Car implemented the rule changes, this led to a more wide-open, exciting style of play and more scoring, Car split the league into 2 divisions
Which of the following would NOT be considered a factor that led to the end of the NFL's golden age?
Lowering of salaries due to competing leagues
Casey Stengel
Manager of the Yankees from 1949 to 1960. Came up with the platoon system in baseball.
Walter East
Massillon Tigers player that was paid to fix the game against the Canton Bulldogs.
"Strenuous Life"
Men were becoming soft in the absence of war. Used football as a metaphor when describing his idea of the strenuous life. Football was also seen as a way to change the image of youth men at the time.
Which of the following venue would you most likely NOT find members of the Victorian Counterculture?
Middle Class
"Royal and Ancient" Golf
Most popular in Scotland, St. Andrews Club was the most dominant force behind the game, gutty ball, players of this time were "Old" Tom Morris, Allan Robertson, and Willie Park Sr.
David Stern
NBA Commissioner in 1984 that brought in the golden age of the NBA.
Which of the following was MOST responsible for ushering the modern age of college football?
NCAA's rules changes of 1912
Pete Rozelle
NFL Commissioner who served for nearly 30 years and led the league into its "Golden Age" by encouraging owners to "think league" first.
NBL
National Basketball League
Which of the following coaches had NO ties to the University of Kansas?
Ned Irish
Which AFL team drafted Joe Namath
New York Jets
Which of the following was a requirement for a team to join the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs?
New teams must be approved by existing teams
From which country did Knute Rockne emigrate?
Norway
Knute Rockne
Norwegian immigrant who played and then coached for the Notre Dame football team. It was his innovations as both a player and a coach that put Notre Dame football on the map by the second decade of the 20th Century.
Which team is NOT in the top 4 schools that have finished in the AP Top 10 the most times between 1950 and 2000?
Notre Dame
Which state could MOST be considered the birthplace of professional football?
Ohio
Ned Irish
Organized the Garden Games in 1934 after working on the Relief games during the great depression. Would go on to own the New York Knickerbockers.
Original 13 rules of Basketball
Original rules of basketball published by Naismith 1) The ball may be thrown in any direction. 2) The ball may be batted, but never with the fist. 3) A player cannot run with the ball. 4) The ball must be held by the hands. 5) No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. 6) A foul is striking at the ball with the fist 7) If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents 8) A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there. 9) When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. (5-sec rule applied with foul) 10) The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls. 11)The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. 12) The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between. 13) The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner.
New York Yankees
Originally called the "Highlanders" the team name was officially changed to the "Yankees" in 1913. The original Yankee dynasty of the 1920s can be credited to the team being purchased by Jacob Rupert and Tillinghast Huston in 1915 and Red Sox owner Harry Frzee selling off most of his team to the Yankees (including Babe Ruth).
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
Originally named Lew Alcindor, This player was a dominating force for UCLA and the Lakers. Changed his name because of his conversion to the Muslim faith.
Shoeless Joe Jackson
Outfielder for the White Sox. Played well in the 1919 World Series and denied throwing the games.
Which of the following rules of baseball similar to today's game was NOT employed by the NY Knickerbockers baseball club in the 1840s?
Overhand pitching
Philip K. Wrigley
Owner of the Chicago Cubs, this man and Branch Rickey wanted to start a professional softball league. Named AAGBBL
Harry Frazee
Owner of the MLB Boston Red Sox from 1916 to 1923, well known for selling Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees for rights to a broadway show (more interested in theater), started the Curse of the Bambino
Who was commissioner of the NFL for 30 years during what was considered its "golden age"?
Pete Rozelle
Which current NBA team was NOT one of the original teams when the league was founded in 1949?
Philadelphia 76ers
Hones Wagner
Pittsburgh Pirates shortstop who is considered the first star player of the 20th century. He was a great hitter but also an excellent fielder and could play any position.
Which of the following was NOT added to college football during the 1930s?
Platooning players
Association Football
Played and the first intercollegiate football game. More closely resembled soccer than modern-day football.
George Halas
Played football for the University of Illinois prior to WWI, joined armed forces, played baseball as an outfielder for the New York Yankees during the 1919 season, started the football team in Decatur, Illinois called the Chicago Staleys (later Bears)
Julius Erving
Played for the Virginia Squires in the ABA. Lead the Slam Dunk Movement. Would go on to play for the 76ers in the NBA.
Bill Russell
Players were traded in order for the Boston Celtics to move up in the draft to take this player before Minneapolis did. Allowed the Celtic Dynasty to begin. Went to college in San Francisco.
Bob Cousy
Point Guard for the Boston Celtics. Ended up with Celtics after the team didn't want him. made 13 All-Star teams
Point-Shaving Scandal
Point Shaving at Garden Games hindered the way the population viewed basketball and sports in urban areas
Theodore Roosevelt
President of the US that supported football. Believed in the "Strenuous life." Believed football supported the strenuous life. However, he was concerned with violent the game was becoming (his son suffered a broken nose). Assembled the "Big 3" to discuss this. Was not very successful.
The American League
Previously the struggling minor western league, Ban Johnson took it over and changed it to this name and a major league to compete with the National League in 1899.
First Intercollegiate Football game
Princeton vs. Rutgers in New Brunswick, NJ, on November 6, 1869. What was played was "Association Football." Rutgers won.
American Professional Football Association (APFA)
Professional league that began in Canton, Ohio, which would eventually change its name to the National Football League (NFL).
Walter Hagan
Professional who was known for his style-he would help open up the clubhouses to the professional players. He was also quite skilled as he was the first American to win the British Open Championship in 1922 and win it three more times in the decade. He also won two U.S. Open titles.
Jack Kramer
Protege of Tilden who looked up to him and wanted to play him. He emerged a great champion in the immediate post-war years but was forced to retire because of an arthritic back in 1954. After that he made his mission opening up the major (grand slam) championships to both professionals and amateurs.
Which of the following was NOT introduced during the 1930s to increase interest in baseball during the depression?
Racial integration
Carnegie Report
Report in the late 1920s that said colleges were putting too much emphasis on money and winning in college football than on academics.
Why did Republicanism tend to inhibit sports?
Republicans believed a succesful republic could not be founded on the idle amusements of the decadent monarchies of Europe
Which of the following college football bowl games did NOT originate during the Great Depression?
Rose
Bowls
Rose Bowl, Cotton Bowl, Orange Bowl, Sugar Bowl, and Fiesta Bowl became popular post season games that awarded the winning school money.
Penn State Scandal
Scandal in which Joe Paterno and his' school would be remembered forever. One of his assistant coaches was charged with child molestation of underaged boys on university property.
Marquess of Queensbury (Rules)
Set of 12 rules that would define boxing and help organize the game. Created by the 8th Marquess of Queensbury.
Which of the following players was NOT a member of the original Dream Team (1992)?
Shaquille O'Neal
Babe Didrikson
She wanted to be the greatest athlete in the world regardless of gender. Was one of the founding members of the LPGA in 1950.
Charles Comiskey
Sketchy owner of the Chicago White Sox
When Rutgers met Princeton for the first ever intercollegiate "football" game it more closely resembled which sport?
Soccer
Why was the Cincinnati club removed from the National League?
Sold beer at games and played on Sundays
Which of the following was NOT a change brought about the Marquess of Queensbury rules?
Standing 8 Count
Eddie Cicotte
Starting Pitcher for the White Sox. one of the best players in the league. Had felt cheated out of $10,000 by the White Sox
Age of the Boycott
Starting with the 1976 games in Montreal boycotts over political issues dominated the next three games
Gertrude Ederle
Swimmer who fit the Flapper image perfectly
Which team joined the NFL post-merger?
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
In which are of the colonies would you NOT find taverns?
Taverns were found in all colonies
Green Bay Packers
Team formed by Earl Lambeau, one of the original teams of the NFL
"Miracle on Ice"
The "Miracle on Ice" refers to a medal-round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, played between the hosting United States, and the defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union.
NFL's "Golden Age"
The "league think" mentality by Rozelle led to this. Gave American men something else to do on Summer days, new technologies also advanced the league
Games Between World Wars
The 1916 games did not take place, Pierre de Coubertin moved himself and the Olympic headquarters to Lausanne, Switzerland were it remains today, he then tried to revive the games
1958 NFL Championship
The Baltimore Colts played the New York Giants. The Colts tied the game in the last few seconds. First time the sudden death overtime rule was implemented. The Colts ended up winning. Referred to as NFL's arrival in the modern age.
1936 Olympics
The Berlin Games are best remembered for Adolf Hitler's failed attempt to use them to prove his theories of Aryan racial superiority. As it turned out, the most popular hero of the Games was the African-American sprinter and long jumper Jesse Owens, who won four gold medals in the 100m, 200m, 4x100m relay and long jump, first games to be aired on TV
Arnold Rothstein
The Biggest gambler at the time. supplied the payoff money of $50,000.
Blondy Wallace
The Coach of the Canton Bulldogs who fixed the game with Walter East of the Massillon Tigers.
The 1922 Supreme court Decision concerning Major League Baseball was the culmination of a lawsuit initiated by whom?
The Federal League
Red Auerbach
The Head Coach and GM of the Boston Celtics starting in 1950
Ed Stewart
The Manager of the Massillon Tigers football team who told reporters the games against Canton were fixed.
March Madness
The NCAA tournament expanded to a 64 team tournament in 1985 and was dubbed "_________________" was also considered a television spectacle while tv ratings triple.
AFL-NFL Merger
The NFL and the AFL announced in 1966 that the two leagues would merge and there would be a common draft, a common commissioner (Pete Rozelle), and a chapionship game between the two leagues at the end of the season (Super Bowl).
National Football League (NFL)
The NFL was founded in 1902 when the owners of major league baseball got together to form a football league. The league only lasted one season but the second NFL that emerged in the 1920s is still in existence today.
Wild Card
The Second expansion caused an expansion in the playoff system which would be known as the _____________
Apartheid
The South African policy of racial segregation that would cause their Olympic teams to be banned from competition beginning in the 1960s
Arnold "Chick" Gandil
The White Sox first basemen who came up with the idea to throw the series.
The "Open" Era of Tennis
The end of the amateur era of tennis. The amateur and professional joined in the Open Championships. This can be contributed to Kramer.
Super Bowl
The game played by the winner of the two merger leagues
True Womanhood
The idea that women were made from a finer clay than man. This cult did not want women to attend higher learning.
Abe Saperstein
The man who organized the Harlem Globetrotters and recruiting new players for either side
NBA
The merger of the NBL and BAA in 1949 created the _______
First World Series
The name of the championship series held at the end of the season between the pennant winners of the American and National Leagues. The first of these series occurred in 1903. The Giants defeated the Philly Athletics four games to one. (G=NL & A= AL)
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the popularity of college football in the 1960s?
The national champion being determined on the field
New Woman
The opposite of true womanhood, this would involve women taking full advantage of what society has to offer them.
Pitch Count
The practice of counting a pitchers number of pitches thrown and get him out of the game around 100.
First Modern Olympics
The revived games were first held in Athens, Greece, in 1896 as a tribute to the ancient Greeks who had originally held the games
Platooning
The strategy of switching a teams lineup based on what handedness the pitcher was. Gives an advantage to the batting team. Invented by Casey Stengel.
Which of the following aspect of baseball was NOT affected negatively after 1950s?
The success of large population franchines
Inside Game
The type of baseball employed by managers during the dead-ball era. The strategy was predicted on the fact very few runs were going to be scored so every run was important. Managers would do whatever it took to score those runs (bunting, stealing, hit and runs). The manager who seemed to most embody this game was John McGraw.
Conference Realignments
These Realignments in college football were needed when most teams were not big enough to attract their own TV contact. The teams that could attract one would choose not to be in a conference like Notre Dame.
Buck Weaver
Third Basemen for the White Sox. Played well in the 1919 World Series and denied throwing the games.
1927 Yankees (Murders Row)
This was in the late 1920s, widely considered one of the best teams in history. The nickname is in particular describing the first six hitters in the 1927 team lineup: Earle Combs, Mark Koenig, Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Bob Meusel, and Tony Lazzeri. They also rarely lost.
NBA Official Scandal
Tim Donaghy was caught betting on NBA games where he officiated
Vince Lombardi
Took over as the Green Bay Packers head coach in 1959 and led the team to five NFL titles in the 1960s and victories in the first two Super Bowls (1967 and 1968).
Joe DiMaggio
Took over as the star player for the Yankee dynasty after Ruth retired. The centerfielder set the major league record 56-game hitting streak in 1941.
NIT
Tournament that started in 1938. would crown the national champion of college basketball. In 1938 - 6 team tournament. In 1941 - 8 team tournament. (increased with level of team skill). The Tournament was always held in NYC. A decrease in interest of the NIT spurred from the dislike of corruption in the urban areas.
Jesse Owens
Track and field athlete who was the star of the Berlin Olympics in 1936 winning four gold medals and setting both Olympic and world records much to the dismay of Hitler
According to Darin Erstad in his guest speaking lecture, one of the biggest changes during his 14 seasons in the Major League was umpires making the strike zones the same for everyone--veterans as well as rookies
True
According to Knickerbocker rules a player was considered out if he hit a ball that was either caught on the fly or after one bounce
True
Al Davis was the first to try to move his team (the Oakland Raiders) against the wishes of the league
True
Ban Johnson was the founder and first president of the American League
True
Bobby Jones won the "Grand Slam" in 1930 and retired at the age of 28
True
Dribbling was NOT part of Naismith's original 13 rules
True
During the Revolution. George Washington allowed his men to play games
True
Early American sporting fraternities were based on their British counterparts
True
Fighter Tom Monineaux was a former American slave
True
George Whitefield was a charismatic preacher during the Great Awakening
True
In 1970 a study found that college football had an average of 40 more plays in a game than the NFL
True
Joe Louis holds the record for holding the title of heavyweight champion for the longest
True
John McEnroe was considered the "bad boy" of tennis during the 1980s and 90s
True
Most of the rules NFL rules changes of the 1933 were a result of the previous year's championship game
True
Non-members of the Knickerbocker Base Ball club were allowed to play if there were not enough members present
True
Over the pst 20 years American interest in the Olympics has declined
True
Pete Rozelle testified in favor of the Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961
True
Pierre de Coubertin was known as the father of the modern Olympic games
True
Prior to the 1930s the four major golf championships were the British OPena nd Amateur and the US Open and Amateur
True
Red Grange was a star football player for the University of Illinoise
True
Rod Laver turned pro in the 1960s and encouraged others to follow his lead
True
Separate Spheres referred to the different worlds of males and females during Victorian Era
True
The 1922 Supreme Court decision exempting Major League Baseball from anti-trust laws applied ONLY to baseball
True
The Harlem Globetrotters were actually formed in Chicago
True
The Merkle "Boner" eventually allowed the Chicago Cubs to win the NL pennant and the World Series
True
The NFL that began in the 1920s was NOT the first time that organized professional football had been attempted
True
The NIT is actually older and for years was more prestigious than the NCAA tournament
True
The best team to come over from the AAFC to the NFL after World War II was the Cleveland Browns
True
The best to join the NFL after the AAFC dissolved in 1949 was the Cleveland Browns
True
The oldest bowl game still being played is the Rose Bowl
True
The rules changes of the ICAA in 1906 legalized the forward pass
True
Two of the greatest pitchers of the 1960s, Don Drysdale and Sandy Koufax, both played for the Dodgers
True
The William Sisters
Two lower class sister born in Compton, California. They became the most dominate tennis players and they were only 1 year apart in age.
Cobb-Speaker Scandal
Ty Cobb and Tris Speaker were involved with the throwing of a game to help the tiger get third and receive world series money.
Which belief was most associated with Arminianism?
Universal Salvation
Tom Molineaux
Was a former American slave that boxed in England. lost to Tom Cribb.
Kenesaw Mountain Landis
Was the commissioner of Baseball when the Black Sox scandal was going on
Nancy Lieberman
Was the first female basketball superstar. Helped the WBL survive for a while. Helped the WNBA get going even though she was 38 at the time.
Sugar Ray Robinson
Was the first lower-weight champion to be popular in boxing. Has been called the greatest fighter pound for pound.
Mike Tyson
Was the youngest heavyweight champion of all time at the age of 20. Has a face tattoo.
Which of the following teams was NOT considered a dynasty during the first half of the 20th Century?
Washington Senators
which current team was NOT part of the NFL when it was founded in the 1920s?
Washington redskins
Which minor league eventually became the American League?
Western League
Conferences
When Camp refused Staggs request to create a uniform set of rules, Staggs created the Western Conference in 1896. This was made up of Chicago, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Northwestern, Purdue, Wisconsin, Indiana, Iowa, and Ohio State known as the Big 10.
The Great White Hope
White boxers that would beat Jack Johnson in order to return the title back to the white class. Eventually, Jess Willard knocked Johnson out.
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the Yankees dynasty in the years following WWII?
Willie Mays
Which of the following tennis tournaments was the FIRST to host a major championship
Wimbledon
Babe Didrikson
Winner of three medal in track and field at the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics
Tom Osborne
Winning 3 National Championships with Nebraska, this coach was voted the greatest college coach of all time by ESPN in 2007.
"New Middle Class"
With Victorianism officially dead by the late 1920s, a new middle class emerged that searched for more excitement and were much more tolerant and even embracing of sports.
Celtics Dynasty
With the addition of Red Auerbach for head coach and GM positions, this dynasty would include players such as Bob Cousy and Bill Russell.
Golden Age of the NBA
With the combination of The Bird-Magic Rivalry and Micheal Jordan, this age in basketball occurred at the sports most popular time in America. David Stern was also a large part in the popularity.
Second Expansion
With the new team additions in 1977, the MLB was at 28 teams where they did another realignment.
WNBA
Woman's National Basketball League
Harry Vardon
Won the British Open a record five times along with the U.S. Open in 1900. Safe to say he was golf's first international superstar. Lost the 1913 U.S. Open to amateur Francis Ouimet.
Billie Jean King
Would act as the most notable female tennis player during the Open Era of tennis in the 60's. Would beat Riggs in the battle of the sexes
Tiger Woods
Would become world number one in 1999 and hold that position for most of the next decade. He won his first major (The Masters) in 1997 becoming the youngest to win that tournament at 21. He would win 13 more majors by 2008 trailing only his idol Jack Nicklaus by four. Arguably his best year was 2000, winning three majors in a row starting with the U.S. Open. When he won the 2001 Masters he held all four majors at once and although it was not officially the Grand Slam it became know as the "Tiger Slam." Tiger's fall from grace began in 2009 when it was discovered he had had multiple extramarital affairs. He lost most of his sponsorships, fell as low as 58th in the world rankings and has not won a major tournament since.
From which school did Nebraska hire Bob Devaney in 1962?
Wyoming
Where did James Naismith invent the game of basketball?
YMCA Training Center in Springfield, MA
With which Ivy League school was Walter Camp associated?
Yale
Intercollegiate Athletic Assoc. (ICAA)
formed by 62 schools in 1905 not including Western Coast schools and the "Big 3." Its primary duty was to establish football rules for play by its member schools. Goal was to persuade the current rule committee to work with them.
Howard Cosell
sports reporter than interview Muhammad Ali. They liked each other and this interview helped helped get some of Ali's fights broadcasted.
Paul Hornung Scandal
was betting while on the packers. He never bet against the packers once though.