Hist 224

Major motivations for European exploration of the world's oceans included all of the following except

population pressures in Europe.

An example of a syncretic cult combining elements of Christianity and African beliefs is

the Antonian movment.

One striking difference between the British and the French imperial models in Africa is that

the British preferred to use local institutions to control subject populations.

The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of

the daimyo and samurai classes.

The Russian intelligentsia promoted terrorism as a strategy for political reform because

their attempts at more peaceful reform were crushed by the tsarist authorities.

Most African slaves went

to the tropical and subtropical plantations of the Americas.

The "white man's burden" proposed by Rudyard Kipling referred to the

the moral duty of the west to work to "civilize" the rest of the world.

African slaves were in demand for the New World because

all of the above.

In the New World, the Columbian Exchange generally resulted in

all of the above.

The Peace of Westphalia, which ended of the Thirty Years' War, ensured that

all of the above.

auto-da-fé

trial by faith, often resulting in burning

Reasons for the hysterical witch-hunts of the sixteenth century included

unusual natural phenomena suggested supernatural causes. the conflicts of the Reformation contributed to a climate of suspicion and violence.

Olaudah Equiano's experience contributed to the abolishment of slavery because he

exposed the horrors of slavery, particularly the middle passage, to a European audience.

In spite of the isolation and harsh climate, Russians ventured over the Urals into Siberia in search of

furs.

The ideas of the Enlightenment challenged the long-term assumptions about sovereignty, and instead proposed that

governments are bound to the will of the people.

Theodor Herzl's Zionism was the direct result of

his shock at the army's persecution of Alfred Dreyfus.

One advantage of the industrial corporation over the older joint-stock company was the

limited liability for investors.

Which of the following was NOT an economic advantage enjoyed by Britain in the eighteenth century?

local sources of raw cotton

In response to the challenges raised by the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church

summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen their spiritual commitment.

The Luddites were threatened by industrialization of what industry in particular?

textiles

The Berlin West Africa Conference in 1884-1885 established

that, if a European power indicated its intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony.

Spanish forces were able to conquer the Philippines because of

the lack of a centralized, powerful state to organize resistance.

Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power as

a military hero.

Improvements in transportation, such as the railroads and steamships,

All these answers are correct.

Proponents of "scientific racism" argued that

All these answers are correct.

The Ottoman military had declined by the nineteenth century because

All these answers are correct.

The emancipation of Russian serfs in 1861

All these answers are correct.

The first European power to abolish the slave trade was

Britain.

Cunégonde

Candide's beloved

Jacques/James

Drowned Anabaptist

The Battle of Omdurman clearly demonstrated that

European troops with modern weapons could subdue a vast native army.

Which of the following was NOT one of the causes of the French revolution of 1789?

accusation of treason against Louis XVI

The colonization of the Belgian Congo is noted for the

brutal treatment of the Congolese people by King Leopold II.

The British maintained their head start in industrialization

by forbidding the export of machinery and expertise.

Unlike the British in India, the French in Indochina

encouraged conversion to Christianity.

In general, Napoleon championed

equality under the law but not political freedom.

One social goal of the British authorities in India was to

establish English-style schools for children of Indian elites.

T/F: In contrast to modern stereotypes, nearly half of all accused witches were men.

False

This government gave the most workers' rights, pensions, and social security than other industrializing nations of the in the late nineteenth century?

Germany

By the end of the sixteenth century, which European countries had become Protestant and which had remained Catholic? Why did they either convert or remain Catholic?

Germany, Switzerland, Zurich, Sabel, and Geneva, Italy and Spain had some but struggled with the Roman Catholic church. Those who remained Catholic were Rome , Italy, Spain, and other main parts of Europe where the church was strong. They remained Catholic if their politics and life were engulfed in it and couldn't convince them to change.

Choose the order in which these African empires arose:

Ghana, Mali, Songhay

Candide

Has difficulty learning from his experiences

Why does Pococurante seem so unhappy despite his good fortune?

He didn't work for his wealth.

Why is Candide evicted from the Baron's castle?

He is caught kissing Cunegonde.

The Turk

A self-sufficient man who works in his own land

By 1900, birthrates had sharply declined in most industrialized countries because

All these answers are correct.

In response to socialist demands for social and economic reform, most governments

All these answers are correct.

Which of the following could be considered a contributing cause of the Russian revolution of 1905?

All these answers are correct.

Which of the following improved communication between India and Britain?

All these answers are correct.

Which of the following might be a feature or effect of cultural nationalism?

All these answers are correct.

By 1750, all of the following regions were linked by trade and commerce except

Australia.

The last country to abolish slavery was

Brazil.

The Russian empire was defeated in the Crimean War because

Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman Empire.

Pangloss

Candid's wordy and know it all philosopher/ mentor

Cacambo

Candide's loyal and honest traveling companion

Martin

Candide's worldwide and often cynical friend

As a result of the Seven Years' War, Britain gained all the following except

Cape Town from the Dutch.

John Calvin's contribution to the furthering of the Protestant Reformation came from

Codifying Protestantism into a coherent and organized manner.

The Baron

Cunegonde's nobel brother who insists she marry a nobel

Old Woman

Daughter of Pope

Essay Question: At the beginning of the book Candide is literally kicked out of the "most beautiful and delightful of possible castles," expelled from an "earthly paradise" (ch. 1). At the end of the novel, he says "we must cultivate our garden" (ch. 30). What is Voltaire suggesting by framing his story in this way and by echoing the biblical story of the Fall? Has Candide lost and then regained paradise & if so, how?

I believe he has lost and regained paradise. Candide learned (slowly) that in order to be happy and not encounter such horrible things he needs to first live like the Turkish man that he found. Throughout his journey after being kicked out of the castle he learns that money means nothing when your happy and have peace. Granted he left this most amazing and giving city where money and jewels meant nothing because of boredom and lack of competition ( the natural man) which got him into his journey in the first place (he was kissing Cunegund). He has learned that in order to find this amazing garden (castle that he started in) he had to build it on his own with his own efforts so he could enjoy the little things in life and take them as they come. Adam and Eve started in this amazing garden that they fell from because they ate from the fruit (the natural man and its needs won) and then had fallen into misery. That is what happened to candide and in order to get this idea of a garden and peace again he had to make it himself just like Adam and Eve had to in order to be happy and at peace until the end. Voltaire is suggesting that in order for man to not be corrupt, cynical, and naive a man needs to separate himself from the bad and create its own good place and learn to appreciate the small things and learn from their experiences to be able to live a better life.

The population of the industrial world grew dramatically in the nineteenth century, in part because

Improved transportation networks resulted in cheaper food and therefore better diets.

The Songhay Empire was toppled by

Morocco

The Taiping rebellion was defeated when

Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers.

Which region is incorrectly paired with a primary trade good?

Peru and silver.

The Portuguese slave trade began in the mid-fifteenth century with Portuguese raiders capturing African men and selling them in Europe. How had this trade changed by the mid-sixteenth century?

Portuguese merchants bought slaves from African raiders and sold them to Europe and the Americas.

Although relations between Portugal and the Kongo were initially friendly, the Kongo was ultimately destroyed because

Portuguese slave traders undermined the authority of the kings.

Which individual is incorrectly paired with a scientific discovery?

Ptolemy and the moons of Jupiter.

Pangloss's positivist philosophy pervades Voltaire's Candide. Which of these is NOT an attribute of Pangloss's positivist philosophy?

Sometimes bad things happen to good people.

Match the two kingdoms involved in the Spanish Armada

Spain v. England

The Thirty Years' War began when

The Holy Roman Emperor tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to Catholicism.

Which of the following is not considered to be part of the Catholic Reformation

The Institutes of the Christian Religion

This event inspired Voltaire to write Candide:

The Lisbon earthquake of 1755

Why had most European governments abandoned concessionary companies in Africa by the early twentieth century?

The brutal use of forced African labor by companies provoked a public outcry in Europe.

What factors led to the Seven Years' War in the eighteenth century? What was the outcome, globally, of that conflict?

The different lands of people wanting the domain of the trade routes. For example, in the book it mentions how the Dutch had dominion over Indian Ocean and therefore controlled the spice trade. Well, by 1746 the French and Britain had the most vessels in the Indian Ocean and wanted to control the trading. The French gained Madras and Britain was upset because that was one of three main posts. This then spread to conflicts between them in different areas of the world because their vessels were placed everywhere and in competition. This changed the trade because it was now under British "position to dominate world trade" and the idea of it being a great empire for wars to come.

The example of Thomas Peters establishing the slave refuge in West Africa called Sierra Leone illustrates

The extensive linkages between lands in the Atlantic Ocean basin.

Which of the following is NOT a correct explanation of why the Haitian revolution succeeded?

The revolutionaries had the support of British and Spanish forces.

Despite the miseries Candide experiences in his travels, why does he maintain Pangloss's optimistic/positivist philosophy?

The thought of reuniting with Cunegonde provides him with hope.

The German people united behind King Wilhelm I because

The wars engineered by Bismarck generated strong nationalist sentiment.

The sea route to the Indian Ocean discovered by Vasca da Gama offered European merchants

a chance to buy goods directly from Indian merchants.

Portuguese sailors were able to tack against the prevailing winds by using

a combination of square and lateen sails.

Cecil Rhodes was

a leading British imperialist active in south Africa.

Martin Luther's work had an enthusiastic popular support because

all of the above.

Richelieu and his absolutist theory heir, Louis XIV, managed to control the nobles of France and their activities by

all of the above.

Sunni Ali's administration of the Songhay was strengthened by

all of the above.

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire, Russian empire, Qing dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because they

discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers.

In China, a "sphere of influence" was a

district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights.

The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because

it was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit.

Smallpox, influenza, and measles spread rapidly in the Americas because of

lack of previous exposure that would build natural immunity.

In their critique of industrial capitalism, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels claimed that

only a communist revolution would overcome the abuses of capitalism and create a just and equal society.

The indigenous religions of sub-Saharan African were essentially

polytheistic, recognizing numerous local gods as well as a single creator god.

Which of the following could be considered an expression of enlightened ideas about government?

the Declaration of Independence

One significant difference between the Portuguese settlement of Angola and the Dutch settlement of Cape Town was that

the Portuguese came to Angola as traders while in South Africa the Dutch settled on the land as farmers.

In spite of the ravages of the slave trade, the population of Africa actually increased in the eighteenth century due to

the introduction of new staple foods from the Americas.

British rule undermined the Indian cotton industry by

undercutting the cost of Indian cloth with cheap British textiles.