HIST 224 - Midterm Quiz Material

The Songhay Empire was toppled by A) Morocco B) Portugal C) Mali D) The Mande

A) Morocco

Unlike the British in India, the French in Indochina: A) encouraged conversion to Christianity B) recruited local peoples into their colonial army C) worked closely with local elites D) promoted domestic industries E) had no obvious racial bias

A) encouraged conversion to Christianity

The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown because A) the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty force on them by Commodore Perry B) The samurai were in debt to the merchant class C) the emperor had failed in his obligations to protect the Japanese people D) the daimyo led a tax revolt E) Japanese merchants wanted more access to western goods and technology

A) the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty force on them by Commodore Perry

Cotton cloth was valued by European consumers in the eighteenth century because it A) was rare and considered a luxury. B) was comfortable and convenient. C) was a British product and so considered patriotic. D) lasted longer than wool. E) All these answers are correct.

B) was comfortable and convenient.

The example of Thomas Peters establishing the slave refuge in West Africa called Sierra Leone illustrates A) Blacks were treated as equals by whites in Nova Scotia. B) Accommodations in slave ships were not as bad as many believed through the abolitionist literature. C) The extensive linkages between lands in the Atlantic Ocean basin. D) The complacency of many slaves of the era.

C)The extensive linkages between lands in the Atlantic Ocean basin.

Embedded in the U.S. Constitution is the principle of A) universal male suffrage B) the abolition of slavery C) free enterprise D) westward expansion E) popular sovereignty

E) popular sovereignty

A political conservative in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate: A) the restoration of the French monarchy after the defeat of Napoleon B) limiting suffrage to men of property C) censorship as a reasonable means of preventing social unrest D) government support of the established church E) All these answers are correct

E) All these answers are correct

Which of the following was not a new military technology used for the first time in World War I? A) machine guns. B) armored tanks. C) airplanes. D) poisonous gas. E) rocket powered missiles

E) rocket powered missiles

The Luddites were threatened by industrialization of what industry in particular? A) iron works B) pottery C) railroads D) steel works E) textiles

E) textiles

T/F: Sufi Islam advocated a more rigid and dogmatic interpretation of true religious devotion than traditionally orthodox interpretations of Islam

F - just piety and devotion to Allah

True/False: In contrast to modern stereotypes, nearly half of all accused witches were men.

False

At the Paris Peace Conference, A) the Allies agreed to let ethnic self-determination set the boundaries of the Middle East. B) Britain and France were determined to strip Germany of military power. C) Russia was forced to cede much of Manchuria to Japan. D) Woodrow Wilson gained acceptance of his Fourteen Points. E) all of the above.

B) Britain and France were determined to strip Germany of military power.

In general, Napoleon championed A) political freedom but not social equality. B) equality under the law but not political freedom. C) freedom of expression but only for the aristocracy. D) all the rights of citizenship proclaimed by the National Assembly. E) the restoration of the ancien régime.

B) equality under the law but not political freedom.

Christopher Columbus believed that by sailing west 2,500 nautical miles he would A) reach the Canary Islands and initiate a spice trade with the natives. B) find a direct and profitable route to Japan. C) discover a new continent and lost city of gold. D) find a quick passage around Africa. E) None of these answers is correct.

B) find a direct and profitable route to Japan.

Spanish forces were able to conquer the Philippines because of the A) assistance of China and India. B) lack of a centralized, powerful state to organize resistance. C) unhappiness of many of the Philippine people with Muslim rule. D) desire of the island chiefdoms to enter into a treaty with the Spanish. E) eagerness of many islanders to convert to Christianity.

B) lack of a centralized, powerful state to organize resistance.

The capital for the early industrialization of Meiji Japan came primarily from A) the export of textile products B) land taxes C) commercial taxes D) private investors E) foreign investors

B) land taxes

Revolutions in Latin America were frequently a power struggle between what two groups? A) masters and slaves B) peninsulares and creoles C) Europeans and indigenous peoples D) Europeans and mestizos E) colonial militias and European mercenaries

B) peninsulares and creoles

In World War I, "no man's land" was: A) the battle line in Eastern Europe and the Balkans. B) the deadly territory between opposing trenches. C) the killing field around Verdun. D) the German route of invasion through Belgium. E) the peninsula of Gallipoli.

B) the deadly territory between opposing trenches.

According to the divine-right theory of government: A) power and authority are based on a contract between the sovereign and his citizens B) the king derives his authority from God alone and is not accountable to his subjects C) the king has a divine mandate to serve his people well; if he violates that trust then he can be overthrown D) the people and the state exist only to enrich the sovereign E) God is the real sovereign and the Church represents His authority in earthly matters.

B) the king derives his authority from God alone and is not accountable to his subjects

The "white man's burden" proposed by Rudyard Kipling refers to A) cost of creating and supporting an empire B) the moral duty of the west to work to civilize the rest of the world C) cost of abolishing slavery in Africa D) need for Christian missionaries to undermine Islam in Africa and Asia E) All these answers are correct

B) the moral duty of the west to work to civilize the rest of the world

The putting out system was profitable for all of the following groups except: A) the entrepreneurs who moved cloth production into the countryside B) the rural workers who did the spinning and weaving C) the consumers who bought the finished cloth D) the merchant and traders who shipped woolen cloth outside the country E) the guild members who specialized in specific elements of cloth production such as weaving or dying

B) the rural workers who did the spinning and weaving

Isaac Newton's work seemed to suggest that: A) the solar system was one of many thousands such systems in an infinite universe B) the stars and planets were part of a unified system, governed by the same natural laws C) God was indifferent to the prayers and concerns of humanity D) it was possible to mathematically prove the existence of God E) time and space were relative, not absolute consructs

B) the stars and planets were part of a unified system, governed by the same natural laws

What was the principle work of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits)? A) to expose witches and heretics B) to be disciplined, educated representatives of the Church throughout the world. C) To be soldiers for Jesus in the battle against the Protestants D) To direct the Court of the Inquisition on behalf of the pope. E) To raise money for the Church by selling indulgences.

B) to be disciplined, educated representatives of the Church throughout the world.

The purpose of the Twenty-one Demands was A) to demand control of German-held islands in the Pacific. B) to reduce China to the status of a Japanese protectorate. C) to demand that the British turn over control of Hong Kong. D) to reduce Korea to the status of a Japanese protectorate. E) all of the above.

B) to reduce China to the status of a Japanese protectorate.

The bubonic plague started in A. Western Europe B. Southwest China C. Mediterranean seaports D. Central asia E. Southwest Asia

B. Southwest China

Chinese naval expeditions were abruptly ended in 1433 because A. Zheng He was suspected of building his personal power B. the expeditions were considered too expensive and a policy of agricultural development was pursued instead C. the voyages had led to several humiliating defeats D. the large Chinese vessels proved to be unseaworthy E. all of the above

B. the expeditions were considered too expensive and a policy of agricultural development was pursued instead

One significant difference between the Portuguese settlement of Angola and the Dutch settlement of Cape Town was that A) the Dutch had better relations with the local Africans. B) the Portuguese had better relations with the local Africans. C) the Portuguese came to Angola as traders while in South Africa the Dutch settled on the land as farmers. D) the Portuguese sent farmers to Angola, while the Dutch came to South Africa primarily as merchants and traders. E) the Khoikhoi resisted Dutch colonization, while the people of Angola accepted Portuguese rule without resistance.

C) the Portuguese came to Angola as traders while in South Africa the Dutch settled on the land as farmers.

The middle passage of the slave trade was: A) the forced march of slaves through central Africa from their homelands B) the holding pens where African captives were held before sale to plantation owners C) the ship voyage across the Atlantic in the cargo decks D) the public auction of slaves in the Caribbean E) none of the above

C) the ship voyage across the Atlantic in the cargo decks

Dreadnoughts were designed primarily A) to be quick and agile and slip through an enemy blockade. B) to spy on one's enemies. C) to protect merchant shipping and conduct high-seas battles. D) to launch underwater attacks with unmanned torpedoes. E) all of the above.

C) to protect merchant shipping and conduct high-seas battles.

African culture in the Americas included all of the following except: A) distinctive language and dialect B) syncretic African-American religions C) traditional kinship ties D) distinctive foods and cuisine E) distinctive handicrafts

C) traditional kinship ties

Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate when A) Bolsheviks stormed the Winter Palace. B) an assassination attempt revealed that his family was in danger. C) troops garrisoned in the capital mutinied. D) German forces seized the Ukraine. E) all of the above.

C) troops garrisoned in the capital mutinied.

What effect did World War I have on the status of women? A) the demands of total war actually reduced the opportunities for women. B) women engaged in combat for the first time. C) women in many countries received the vote in the years after the war. D) women gained economic status that continued long after the war. E) all of the above.

C) women in many countries received the vote in the years after the war.

One region relatively unaffected by the plague was A. Western Europe B. North Africa C. China D. India E. the Byzantine Empire

C. China (and way North Europe such as Scandinavia because it was so cold fleas and rats don't go)

Which of the following is NOT true about the settlement of Australia? A) The British defined the continent as land belonging to no one. B) The first settlers were mostly convicts, banished from Britain. C) Smallpox and measles reduced the aboriginal populations by 86 percent. D) Australia became a multicultural society, drawing settlers from all over the Pacific. E) Settlement increased significantly after the discovery of gold.

D) Australia became a multicultural society, drawing settlers from all over the Pacific.

By the end of the nineteenth century, nationalistic movements resulted in independent sovereignty for all of the following except A) Bulgaria. B) Germany. C) Greece. D) Ireland. E) Italy.

D) Ireland.

Which region is NOT correctly paired with a primary trade good? A) Brazil and sugar B) south Africa and wheat C) India and cotton D) Japan and spices E) Peru and silver

D) Japan and spices

Match the two kingdoms involved in the Spanish Armada A) France v. England B) Scotland v. England C) Spain v. Holy Roman Empire D) Spain v. England

D) Spain v. England

Which of the following is NOT a correct explanation of why the Haitian revolution succeeded? A) Five hundred gens de couleur were veterans of the American revolution. B) The large maroon population supported the revolution. C) Toussaint l'Ouverture was an effective strategist. D) The revolutionaries had the support of British and Spanish forces. E) The French army was struck down with yellow fever.

D) The revolutionaries had the support of British and Spanish forces.

Which of the Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the empire? A) Turkish as the official language of the empire B) equality before the law C) free public education D) freedom of religion E) universal suffrage

A) Turkish as the official language of the empire

Mongol rule in China was ended in a rebellion led by A. a destitute orphan B. a Confucian scholar C. a Buddhist monk D. a eunuch in service to the Yuan dynasty E. a brilliant naval commander

A. a destitute orphan

A Renaissance humanist is one who A. seeks to reconcile Christian contemplation with public responsibilities B. considers Christianity to be an outmoded superstition C. holds that personal glory is the only true value D. withdraws from the world to study ancient texts E. rejects the past and embraces all that is new

A. seeks to reconcile Christian contemplation with public responsibilities

European and Arab mariners in the fifteenth century determined latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or pole star above the horizon with A) a magnetic compass. B) a telescope. C) an astrolabe or cross staff. D) a mechanical clock. E) None of these answers is correct.

C) an astrolabe or cross staff.

Chinese economic recovery in the Ming dynasty was aided by all of the following steps except A. increased agricultural productivity B. increased production of porcelain, silk, and other luxury goods C. active state support of foreign trade D. the involvement of Chinese merchants in foreign trade E. Restoration of irrigation systems

C. active state support of foreign trade

Which of the following was not a well-traveled trade route in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries? A. from Morocco across the Sahara Desert to Mali B. from Arabia down the east coast of Africa C. from Portugal down the west coast of Africa D. from India across the Indian Ocean to southeast Asia E. from China overland to Constantinople

C. from Portugal down the west coast of Africa

Which of the following was the primary goal of Zheng He's expedition? A. to eliminate foreign trade with China B. to establish Chinese trading cities in the Indian Ocean C. to impress foreign people with the power and might of the Ming dynasty D. to establish diplomatic relations with the Muslim states trading in the Indian Ocean E. to offer military protection and support to Chinese merchants in the Indian Ocean

C. to impress foreign people with the power and might of the Ming dynasty

As a result of the Seven Years' War, Britain gained all the following EXCEPT A) the French colonies in Canada. B) the French trading posts in India. C) Spanish Florida. D) Cape Town from the Dutch. E) Siberia from the Russians.

D) Cape Town from the Dutch.

From the perspective of the worker, the factory system meant A) better working conditions than piecework done at home. B) better pay for skilled work. C) greater opportunities for advancement within a free market system. D) harsh discipline and close supervision. E) an opportunity for families to work together.

D) harsh discipline and close supervision.

In Spain, the process of state building and political centralization was accelerated by A. Columbus's quest for a western route to China B. the reconquest of Granada from the French C. an alliance with the Islamic states of northern Africa D. the marriage of Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile E. all of the above

D. the marriage of Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile

The Ottoman military had declined by the nineteenth century because A) the Janissary corps was more interested in palace intrigues than in military training. B) the Janissaries resisted all efforts to modernize the army. C) many provincial rulers had private mercenary armies. D) Ottoman forces carried outmoded equipment. E) All of the above

E) All of the above

The emancipation of Russian serfs in 1861 A)was achieved at the tsar's insistence. B) was intended to avert a revolution. C) brought freedom but few political rights for the peasants. D) did not significantly increase agricultural production. E) All these answers are correct

E) All these answers are correct

By 1900, birthrates had sharply declined in most industrialized countries because A) raising children was more expensive in an industrial society than in an agricultural one. B) declining infant mortality meant that more of the children born were likely to survive. C) improved health and nutrition reduced overall death rates. D) married couples actively practiced birth control. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

Improvements in transportation, such as the railroads and steamships, A) lowered transportation costs. B) linked industrial centers with overseas resources. C) facilitated the movement of people as well as goods. D) facilitated delivery of manufactured products to consumers. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

In Eurasia, new American food crops translated into A) overall improvements in diet and nutrition. B) steady population growth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. C) more varied cuisine. D) better food for livestock. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

In response to socialist demands for social and economic reform, most governments A) treated trade unions as illegal organizations. B) supported business and prosecuted strikers. C) passed laws restricting child labor. D) extended the vote to the working class. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

What were some of the distinctive elements of the artistic Renaissance of Western Europe in the fifteenth century?

Italian artists use perspective. Work with real human anatomy and musculature. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). Architecture: domed cathedrals. Imitation of Roman dome.

How were the Ming Chinese able to establish a forceful presence in the Indian Ocean in the fifteenth century? When and why did this presence cease?

They were able to establish a forceful presence because of Admiral Zheng He and his seven massive naval expeditions. This presence ceased 1433 because the Mongols presented a new threat in the north

By 1913, all of the following provinces gained either independence or autonomy from Ottoman control EXCEPT A) Anatolia. B) Egypt. C) Greece. D) Serbia. E) None

A) Anatolia.

By 1750, all of the following regions were linked by trade and commerce EXCEPT A) Australia. B) Brazil. C) India. D) Indonesia. E) south Africa.

A) Australia.

Which Latin American state gained independence as a monarchy? A) Brazil B)Haiti C) Mexico D) Peru E) Venezuela

A) Brazil

The last country to abolish slavery was A) Brazil. B) Britain. C) France. D) Haiti. E) the United States.

A) Brazil.

The first European power to abolish the slave trade was A) Britain. B) France. C) Portugal. D) Spain. E) the United States.

A) Britain.

Martin Luther succeeded where other Church critics had failed largely because of: A) The printing press B) The enthusiastic support of clergy in the Catholic Church C) local newspapers D) Active guilds and artisans E) all of the above

A) The printing press

Portuguese sailors were able to tack against the prevailing winds by using A) a combination of square and lateen sails. B) a sternpost rudder. C) a magnetic compass. D) an astrolabe. E) a sextant.

A) a combination of square and lateen sails.

n Britain, one outcome of the laws against child labor in the late nineteenth century was that A) all children were required to attend public school. B) poor children were forced to do piecework at home. C) children spent more time away from their parents than when they had been working. D) working class parents were obliged to find childcare. E) All these answers are correct.

A) all children were required to attend public school.

Under the British Imperial rule, India was governed A) as a private colony of Queen Victoria B) as an independent sovereign state, but subject to British authority in foreign affairs C) as the private domain of the East India Company D) by a viceroy working in collaboration with Indian princes E) with British bureaucrats and officers overseeing Indian civil servants

A) as a private colony of Queen Victoria

The Manila galleons were noted for A) carrying large cargoes between Mexico and the Philippines. B) supporting imperial communication, since they were small and swift. C) dominating the trans-Atlantic slave trade. D) defeating the Portuguese in Southeast Asia. E) All these answers are correct.

A) carrying large cargoes between Mexico and the Philippines.

From the perspective of the consumer, the factory system meant A) cheaper manufactured goods. B) lower-quality manufactured goods. C) fewer choices in manufactured goods. D) manufactured goods priced beyond the means of many consumers. E) acute shortages of many manufactured items.

A) cheaper manufactured goods.

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman empire, Russian empire, Qing dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because they A) discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers. B) All these answers are correct. C) were all competing for the same colonies and resources. D) were all dealing with the challenges of rapid industrialization. E) were all forced to grant equal rights and political freedom to their people.

A) discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers.

Pressure for reform in British India came from A) educated Indians seeking self-rule. B) educated Indian women seeking greater independence. C) Indian Muslims seeking independence from the Hindu majority. D) Indian peasants and workers mobilized into unions. E) enlightened British rulers who felt that India was ready for self-government.

A) educated Indians seeking self-rule.

Slavery's impact on Africa: A) fell most heavily on the societies of west Africa B) was limited to the eastern shores of Africa C) was felt on the entire continent D) was barely noticeable by the end of the eighteenth century due to demographic growth E) was offset by the advances that came with European trade

A) fell most heavily on the societies of west Africa

Under the rule of the Convention, French women: A) gained important property rights and right to a divorce B) were proclaimed full citizens of the Republic C) lost economic power to their husbands D) were legally defined in terms of either their fathers or their husbands E) were granted the right to vote in national elections

A) gained important property rights and right to a divorce

The population of Europe grew dramatically in the seventeenth century because of: A) improved nutrition with new American food crops B) new agricultural technology, which increased output C) the development of the first immunizations for smallpox and plague D) improved public health and sanitation E) all of the above

A) improved nutrition with new American food crops`

The population of the industrial world grew dramatically in the nineteenth century, in part because A) improved transportation networks resulted in cheaper food and therefore better diets. B) families did not yet know how to limit the number of births. C) new urban centers were healthier environments than were rural villages. D) aggressive public health programs eradicated childhood diseases. E) All these answers are correct.

A) improved transportation networks resulted in cheaper food and therefore better diets.

One advantage of the industrial corporation over the older joint-stock company was the A) limited liability for investors. B) possibility for government-sponsored monopoly. C) ability to remain flexible and small-scale. D) opportunity to improve the standard of living of many more workers. E) All these answers are correct.

A) limited liability for investors.

Compared to the western front, fighting on the eastern front was A) more fluid, as the Germans made inroads into Russia. B) a deadlock, with German and Austrian troops trapped for months in trenches. C) more encouraging for the Allies, especially on the Balkan Peninsula. D) not as deadly, with far fewer casualties. E) over quickly.

A) more fluid, as the Germans made inroads into Russia.

The indigenous religions of sub-Saharan African were essentially A) polytheistic, recognizing numerous local gods as well as a single creator god. B) monotheistic, worshiping a supreme creator. C) messianic, worshipping a personal savior. D) universal, affirming that all religions are essentially the same. E) syncretic, taking the best from a variety of religions.

A) polytheistic, recognizing numerous local gods as well as a single creator god.

An example of a syncretic cult combining elements of Christianity and African beliefs is A) the Antonian movement. B) the Coptic Church. C) the Fulani movement. D) King Afonso. E) all of the above.

A) the Antonian movement.

In addition to fighting off Allied forces, the Ottoman Empire faced insurrection from A) the Arabs. B) the Egyptians. C) the Greeks. D) the Serbs. E) the Turks.

A) the Arabs.

One striking difference between the British and the French imperial models in Africa is that A) the British preferred to use local institutions to control subject populations B) the French preferred to employ local rulers to govern their colonies C) the British established schools and academies to train African civil servants to run their colonies while the French did not D) many more British citizens relocated to Africa to administer their colonies than did French citizens E) the British actively sought to convert Africans to Christianity, while the French did not

A) the British preferred to use local institutions to control subject populations

One reason for the hysterical witch-hunts of the sixteenth century was that A) the conflicts of the Reformation contributed to a climate of suspicion and violence. B) unusual natural phenomena suggested supernatural causes. C) desperate people turned to magic to try and improve their lives. D) new texts claimed scientific evidence of witchcraft. E) all of the above.

A) the conflicts of the Reformation contributed to a climate of suspicion and violence.

The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of: A) the daimyo and the samurai classes B) the emperor and his court C) the Japanese military D) independent merchants E) all these answers are correct

A) the daimyo and the samurai classes

By 1800 European exploration of the Pacific Ocean resulted in all of the following EXCEPT A) the discovery of a northwest passage from Europe to Asia. B) the first complete circumnavigation of the world. C) the mapping of Australia, New Zealand, and the islands of the South Pacific. D) exploration of the coast of Alaska and the waters of the Arctic Ocean. E) European colonization of the Philippines.

A) the discovery of a northwest passage from Europe to Asia.

Galileo's discoveries would not have been possible without: A) the telescope B) the printing press C) the astrolabe D) the development of calculus E) all of the above

A) the telescope

The Russian intelligentsia promoted terrorism as a strategy for political reform because A) their attempts at a more peaceful reform were crushed by the tsarist authorities B) Tsar Alexander II refused to consider any reform measures C) many were anarchists who believed that individual freedom could not be realized until all government was abolished D) they were affiliated with Zionists who advocated the use of terrorism when necessary. E) All these answers are correct

A) their attempts at a more peaceful reform were crushed by the tsarist authorities

Most African slaves went: A) to the tropical and subtropical plantations of the Americas B) to tobacco plantations on Chesapeake Bay C) to rice and sugar plantations in the southern United States D) to the silver mines of Mexico and Peru E) to work as domestic servants in upper-class homes throughout the New World

A) to the tropical and subtropical plantations of the Americas

British rule undermined the Indian cotton industry by A) undercutting the cost of Indian cloth with cheap British textiles. B) forbidding the manufacture of cotton cloth in India. C) imposing tariffs on cotton cloth into India. D) imposing tariffs on cotton cloth shipped from India to Britain. E) monopolistic practices by the East India Company.

A) undercutting the cost of Indian cloth with cheap British textiles.

The Russian empire was defeated in the Crimean War because A) the Ottoman army was superior in arms and training B) Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman empire. C) Russian troops mutinied and demanded a new constitution D) the people of the Balkan peninsula resisted Russian advances E) the Russian troops were inadequately trained

B) Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman empire.

Which of the following was not part of Charles V's holdings? A) Austria B) England C) the Netherlands D) Hungary E) Spain

B) England

Which of the following would not be typical of labor migration patterns in the age of empire? A) Chinese migrants to plantations in Cuba. B) German migrants to plantations in the Congo. C) Indian migrants to plantations in the Caribbean. D) Irish migrants to factories and railroads in the United States. E) Japanese migrants to plantations in Hawai'i.

B) German migrants to plantations in the Congo.

The Taiping rebellion was defeated when: A) the dowager empress imprisoned the emperor and ended the Hundred Days reforms B) Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers C) the dowager empress died, leaving a two-year-old child as emperor D) the British seized the Grand Canal and cut off north-south trade in the empire E) All these answers are correct

B) Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers

The sea route to the Indian Ocean discovered by Vasco da Gama offered European merchants A) a chance to trade with Muslim intermediaries. B) a chance to buy goods directly from Indian merchants. C) quicker access to the slave trade of west Africa. D) proof that the earth was round. E) None of these answers is correct.

B) a chance to buy goods directly from Indian merchants.

Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power as A) a liberal noble who supported the third estate. B) a military hero. C) an opponent of Robespierre. D) a supporter of Marie Antoinette. E) None of these answers is correct.

B) a military hero.

The colonization of the Belgian Congo is noted for the A) spirited resistance of the Congolese people B) brutal treatment of the Congolese people by King Leopold II C) policy of free trade that encouraged merchants from all countries D) human policies of the Belgian government toward the Congolese people. E) all these answers are correct

B) brutal treatment of the Congolese people by King Leopold II

The British maintained their head start in industrialization A) by sabotaging the efforts of their competitors. B) by forbidding the export of machinery and expertise. C) through constant innovation and renovation. D) through significant government support of industry. E) All these answers are correct.

B) by forbidding the export of machinery and expertise.

The American women's rights movement began: A) at the constitutional convention B) concurrent with the antislavery movement C) after the Civil War, when women saw how freed slaves benefited from the vote. D) not until the twentieth century E) None of these answers is correct

B) concurrent with the antislavery movement

New institutions that supported early capitalism included all of the following except: A) Banks and lending institutions B) craft guilds C) stock exchanges D) joint stock companies E) insurance companies

B) craft guilds

In China, a "sphere of influence" was a: A) Christian mission where Chinese converts could live free of state persecution B) district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights C) tributary state beyond the borders of the empire that paid taxes to the Qing dynasty in exchange for protection D) state-sponsored academy based on European science

B) district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights

Theodor Herzl's Zionism was the direct result of A) his shock at a government order revoking the citizenship of all French Jews. B) his shock at the army's persecution of Alfred Dreyfus. C) his frustrated desire to emigrate to America. D) a religious revelation that European Jews should return to the Holy Land. E) a wave of persecution against Jews living in the Ottoman empire.

B) his shock at the army's persecution of Alfred Dreyfus.

The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because A) they were unaware of the social and health risks of opium addiction B) it was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit. C) they planned to weaken the Chinese people with opium and then take over the Chinese economy D) they argued that opium was only a fraction of the volume of trade delivered to China E) the Chinese government had welcomed the opium trade in earlier times

B) it was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit.

Which of the following was NOT an economic advantage enjoyed by Britain in the eighteenth century? A) abundant and accessible coal deposits B) local sources of raw cotton C) abundant skilled and unskilled labor D) access to water transportation E) sources of capital for investment

B) local sources of raw cotton

Queen Nzinga resisted the Portuguese conquest of Angola by: A) marriage to Dutch aristocracy B) mobilizing military resistance to the Portuguese C) entering into a trading alliance with Portugal D) forging a military alliance with neighboring Kongo E) none of the above

B) mobilizing military resistance to the Portuguese

Although he called himself a Marxist, Lenin, unlike Marx, believed that A) the revolution would be led by rural peasants, not industrial workers. B) the revolution would be led by a small, highly disciplined party acting on behalf of the workers. C) the revolution would be led by the intelligentsia acting on behalf of all Russia people. D) the revolution would not succeed until Russian workers were joined by workers all over the world. E) the revolution could not succeed if it alienated the church and the military.

B) the revolution would be led by a small, highly disciplined party acting on behalf of the workers.

The purpose of alliances such as the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente was A) to create a mutually advantageous free trade association. B) to provide mutual defense and support in case of attack. C) to cooperatively share resources in African colonies. D) to avoid war. E) all of the above.

B) to provide mutual defense and support in case of attack.

The Yuan dynasty was dominated by which foreign culture? A. Mandarin B. Mongol C. Korean D. Japanese

B. Mongol

Four hundred years before Columbus's discovery of the New World, Norsemen had colonized Greenland but had to abandon the colony because of A. conflict with the sub-arctic indigenous peoples B. a long period of colder weather C. political changes in Norway forced their return D. none of the above E. all of the above

B. a long period of colder weather (led to failure of agriculture and famine)

In the fifteenth century, the nation-states of Western Europe were strengthened by A. a long period of peace among the nations of Europe B. direct taxes and standing armies C. increasing reliance on knights as a military force D. The ideals of Renaissance humanism E. All of the above

B. direct taxes and standing armies

On his visit to Mali, Ibn Battuta expressed disapproval at A. the tolerance of paganism by the emperor of Mali B. the immodesty of African Muslim women C. the corruption of the local courts D. the failure to observe Muslim rituals such as prayer and fasting E. all of the above

B. the immodesty of African Muslim women

One of the most significant impacts of sugarcane production on global economies was A. widespread deterioration in diet and nutrition B. the increased demand for slave labor C. the increased demand for tea and coffee D. increased demand for other luxury goods, such as porcelain E. all of the above

B. the increased demand for slave labor

John Calvin's contribution to the furthering of the Protestant Reformation came from: A) Leading military rebellions throughout the Holy Roman Empire B) Integrating scientific reasoning into Protestant theology C) Codifying Protestantism into a coherent and organized manner D) Converting the King of France to Protestantism E) All of the above

C) Codifying Protestantism into a coherent and organized manner

The Spanish Inquisition relied on religious justifications to advance what political ends? A) increasing the revenues for the Spanish crown B) Raising a vasts army for Spain C) Discouraging the Spanish nobles from adopting Protestantism D) Crushing a suspected Muslim rebellion E) none of the above

C) Discouraging the Spanish nobles from adopting Protestantism

The Battle of Omdurman clearly demonstrated that A) Europeans were morally superior to Africans B) Japan had become a major world power C) European troops with modern weapons could subdue a vast native army D) Britain had fallen behind Germany by the end of the nineteenth century E) None of these answers is correct

C) European troops with modern weapons could subdue a vast native army

The reforms of Peter I included all of the following except: A) offering better pay for peasants who served for life as professional soldiers B) Forcing his subjects to adopt western European fashions C) Forming a council of nobles to advise him on how to best improve the lives of serfs D) Building the city of St. Petersburg to serve as a base of naval operations E) Providing extensive training and modern weapons to soldiers

C) Forming a council of nobles to advise him on how to best improve the lives of serfs He was the most important Romanov Tsar

Which trading post is NOT correctly paired with a European power? A) Goa and Portugal B) Manila and Spain C) Hormuz and England D) Batavia and the Netherlands E) Cape Town and the Netherlands

C) Hormuz and England

The German people united behind King Wilhelm I because A) He promised them a constitutional monarchy. B) He was the rightful heir to the Holy Roman Empire. C) The wars engineered by Bismarck generated strong nationalist sentiment. D) The Prussian army defeated all other claimants to the throne. E) All these answers are correct.

C) The wars engineered by Bismarck generated strong nationalist sentiment.

Panama was supported in its uprising against Colombia by U.S. president A) Grover Cleveland. B) William Howard Taft. C) Theodore Roosevelt. D) William McKinley. E) Woodrow Wilson.

C) Theodore Roosevelt. (Roosevelt Corollary)

Smallpox, influenza, and measles spread rapidly in the Americas because of A) the densely populated urban centers. B) poor hygiene and contaminated water. C) a lack of previous exposure that would have built natural immunity. D) the lack of access to immunizations. E) All these answers are correct.

C) a lack of previous exposure that would have built natural immunity.

Which of the following was NOT one of the causes of the French revolution of 1789? A) a staggering national debt B) resentment at the privileges of the aristocracy C) accusation of treason against Louis XVI D) the extravagance of Marie Antoinette and the court at Versailles E) the opportunity presented by the summoning of the Estates General

C) accusation of treason against Louis XVI

Who benefited most from the religious controversy generated by the Reformation? A) the people, because they had religious freedom B) the peasants, because they were able to leave the estates and move into the cities C) centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent authority D) the Catholic Church, because it gained more committed supporters E) the Islamic empires because Europe was divided and wakened.

C) centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent authority

Which of the following was NOT a significant labor-saving invention in the production of cotton cloth? A) the flying shuttle B) the steam-driven spinning "mule" C) chemical dyes D) the power loom E) the cotton gin

C) chemical dyes

The most significant achievement of Sultan Mahmud II was the A) creation of a system of primary education B) legal emancipation of women C) creation of a modern army D) creation of a legislative assembly E) reconquest of Egypt

C) creation of a modern army

The English East India Company and the VOC were privately owned companies that enjoyed all of the following advantages EXCEPT A) funds to outfit ships and hire crews. B) commodities and money for trade. C) direct government supervision. D) the potential for tremendous profits. E) heavily armed ships to back up their demands.

C) direct government supervision.

Middle-class family life in the new industrial society was characterized by A) substantial social and political gains by women. B) equal participation of men and women in the industrial economy. C) gendered division of labor and space. D) children leaving school to work in the mills at an early age. E) All these answers are correct.

C) gendered division of labor and space.

The ideas of the Enlightenment challenged the long-term assumptions about sovereignty, and instead proposed that A) true government stems from religious authority. B) the best form of government is a democracy. C) governments are bound to the will of the people. D) all government is inherently unjust; humans are better off living in a state of nature. E) church and state should be entirely separate.

C) governments are bound to the will of the people.

The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that A) allowed western powers to establish spheres of influence within Ottoman territory B) forbade the manufacture of cotton cloth and obliged Ottomans to buy textiles from Britain C) held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes D) restricted the exchange of technology and prevented the emergence of domestic industry in the Ottoman empire E) permitted unrestricted traffic in and out of the Black Sea

C) held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes

In leading the revolutions of South America, Simon Bolivar advocated: A) that Spanish colonial rule be replaced with an indigenous monarchy B) that ethnic nationalism be the basis of the new states C) popular sovereignty D) the abolition of slavery and full male suffrage E) all these answers are correct

C) popular sovereignty

Major motivations for European exploration of the world's oceans included all of the following EXCEPT A) the search for raw materials and mineral resources. B) the search for new lands to settle and cultivate. C) population pressures in Europe. D) the desire to trade directly with Asian markets. E) the urge to extend Christianity beyond Europe.

C) population pressures in Europe.

Japanese imperial expansion in the late nineteenth century was primarily motivated by A) the need for land for settlement by a growing population. B) the desire to spread Buddhism to other lands.. C) resentment at the unequal treaties forced on them by the United States. D) a long-standing rivalry between China and Japan. E) all of the above.

C) resentment at the unequal treaties forced on them by the United States.

All of the following are examples of vertical organization EXCEPT A) Standard Oil's control of all phases of petroleum production and distribution. B) the Krupp firm's integration of mines, steel mills, and munitions plants. C) the British East India Company's monopoly on the tea trade. D) U.S. Steel's control of mines, steel mills, and railroad manufacture. E) All these answers are correct.

C) the British East India Company's monopoly on the tea trade.

Which of the following could be considered an expression of enlightened ideas about government? A) the Stamp Act of 1708 B) the Quartering Act C) the Declaration of Independence D) the Committee of Public Safety E) the Congress of Vienna

C) the Declaration of Independence

In spite of the ravages of the slave trade, the population of Africa actually increased in the eighteenth century due to A) European settlement of Africa. B) resettlement of Asian workers in parts of Africa. C) the introduction of new staple foods from the Americas. D) improved health and life expectancy. E) the cessation of intertribal warfare in Africa.

C) the introduction of new staple foods from the Americas.

Which of the following was NOT a typical inducement for Europeans to emigrate abroad in the nineteenth century? A) famine in Ireland B) difficult political, social, and economic circumstances in Europe generally C) unemployment in Britain D) anti-Semitism in Russia E) economic opportunities in the United States

C) unemployment in Britain

The European Renaissance is characterized by all of the following except A. a revival of classical learning B. domed cathedrals C. naturalistic painting and sculpture D. repudiation of Christian values E. translations of the New Testament

C. naturalistic painting and sculpture

Which of the following was not a serious diplomatic mission of the thirteenth century? A. the Persian khan proposed an alliance with European powers against Muslims in Jerusalem B. the pope invited the Mongol khans to convert to Christianity C. the sultan of India proposed an alliance with the Byzantine Empire against the Mongols D. An envoy of the khans declared that European Christians should submit to Mongol rule or face destruction E. all of the above were diplomatic ventures of the thirteenth century

C. the sultan of India proposed an alliance with the Byzantine Empire against the Mongols

Which of the following improved communication between India and Britain A) completion of the Suez Canal B) use of steamships C) laying of submarine cables D) All these answers are correct

D) All these answers are correct

Which of the following was not an economic motivation for imperialism? A) cheap raw materials from overseas colonies were needed to sustain industrialization B) Overseas colonies offered markets for manufactured goods C) Overseas colonies offered a haven for the settlement of surplus populations D) European and American Industry needed more sources of coal E) None of these is correct, all were motives

D) European and American Industry needed more sources of coal

In what nation did the government give significant support to industry in the late nineteenth century? A) Britain B) Canada C) France D) Germany E) United States

D) Germany

Choose the order in which these African empires arose: A) Songhay, Ghana, Mali B) Mali, Songhay, Ghana C) Ghana, Songhay, Mali D) Ghana, Mali, Songhay

D) Ghana, Mali, Songhay

The Portuguese slave trade began in the mid-fifteenth century with Portuguese raiders capturing African men and selling them in Europe. How had this trade changed by the mid-sixteenth century? A) Portuguese raiders captured slaves and sold them in the Americas. B) Portuguese raiders captured slaves and sold them to British merchants. C) The Portuguese no longer participated in the slave trade. D) Portuguese merchants bought slaves from African raiders and sold them to Europe and the Americas. E) The Portuguese bought slaves from Dutch raiders and sold them in the Americas.

D) Portuguese merchants bought slaves from African raiders and sold them to Europe and the Americas.

Although relations between Portugal and the Kongo were initially friendly, the Kongo was ultimately destroyed because A) the royal family resisted the efforts of Catholic missionaries. B) the Kongo had no trade goods of any value to the Europeans. C) King Afonso converted to Islam. D) Portuguese slave traders undermined the authority of the kings. E) All of the above.

D) Portuguese slave traders undermined the authority of the kings.

What political motivations encourages the spread of protestantism? A) Protestantism provided people an opportunity to overthrow monarchies B) Protestantism encouraged people to claim their individual rights C) Protestantism encouraged militarism in European nations D) Protestantism provided monarchs an opportunity to break away from the political domination of Rome E) all of the above

D) Protestantism provided monarchs an opportunity to break away from the political domination of Rome

Which of the following was not conquered or defeated by the Portuguese? A) Angola B) Kilwa C) Kongo D) Songhay

D) Songhay

The Thirty Years' War began when A) The pope tried to force his subjects to return to the Catholic Church. B) Elizabeth I attempted to force Protestantism on Spain. C) Charles V attempted to imprison Martin Luther. D) The Holy Roman Emperor tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to Catholicism. E) Louis XIV invaded the Low Countries.

D) The Holy Roman Emperor tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to Catholicism.

Which of the following is not considered to be part of the Catholic Reformation A) The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) B) Ignatius Loyola C) The Council of Trent D) The Institutes of the Christian Religion

D) The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Meiji constitution? A) Japan became a constitutional monarchy. B) The right to vote was based on property qualifications. C) The emperor could disregard the recommendations of the Diet. D) The lower classes were represented in the lower chamber of the Diet. E) Individual rights were affirmed but made secondary to the needs of the state.

D) The lower classes were represented in the lower chamber of the Diet.

The German Schlieffen Plan called for A) a quick invasion of Great Britain and destruction of the British navy. B) a quick invasion of Russia so that the war would only be fought on one front. C) a blockade of France to starve that country into submission. D) a swift knockout of France combined with defensive action against Russia. E) simultaneous invasions of France, Britain, and Russia with heavy reliance on the navy.

D) a swift knockout of France combined with defensive action against Russia.

Which of the following was NOT one of the provisions of the new French constitution of 1791? A) France became a constitutional monarchy B) Church property was confiscated and clergy lost their privileged status C) Peasants were freed from the dues and services owed to their landlords D) all adult males were given the right to vote in national elections E) an elective legislative body, the Convention was established

D) all adult males were given the right to vote in national elections (men of property only)

The Dutch in Indonesia concentrated their efforts on A) establishing settler colonies. B) establishing a Dutch reform mission to counter the Catholic presence in the Philippines. C) building a plantation society on the island of Java. D) dominating the spice trade through the Sunda Strait. E) All these answers are correct.

D) dominating the spice trade through the Sunda Strait.

By the mid-fifteenth century, Portuguese mariners used a strategy called the volta do mar, which A) enabled them to sail directly into the wind. B) enabled them to measure their location north and south of the equator with accuracy. C) allowed them to avoid the use of sails for extended periods of time. D) enabled them to sail with westerly winds rather than force their way against trade winds. E) allowed them to sneak up on their enemies unannounced.

D) enabled them to sail with westerly winds rather than force their way against trade winds.

One social goal of the British authorities in India was to A) abolish the caste system: B) ensure Indians drank tea so that they could profit from its export C) convert the local population to Christianity D) establish English-style schools for children of Indian elites E) None of these answers is correct

D) establish English-style schools for children of Indian elites

Olaudah Equiano's experience contributed to the abolishment of slavery because he A) served as a legal representative for slaves in the United States. B) established the underground railroad. C) returned to Africa as a Christian missionary. D) exposed the horrors of slavery, particularly the middle passage, to a European audience. E) all of the above.

D) exposed the horrors of slavery, particularly the middle passage, to a European audience.

In spite of the isolation and harsh climate, Russians ventured over the Urals into Siberia in search of A) trade routes to China. B) access to the Pacific. C) gold and silver. D) furs. E) timber.

D) furs.

Which of the following was NOT part of Witte's policy of industrialization? A) construction of the trans-Siberian railroad B) banking reform to encourage domestic savings and investment C) protective tariffs to support emerging Russian industries D) nationalization of key industries such as coal and steel E) promotion of foreign investment in Russian industry

D) nationalization of key industries such as coal and steel

The provisional government lost the support of many Russians because it A) continued to use the police apparatus of the tsar. B) continued policies that discriminated against minorities. C) denied Russians the right to free speech and free press. D) promised to continue the war to victory. E) launched an all-out attack on the workers' soviets.

D) promised to continue the war to victory.

Rural laborers new to the factory had difficulty adjusting to the A) relative freedom of the factory system. B) segregation of men and women in the workplace. C) absence of children in the workplace. D) rigid timetables of industrial work. E) All these answers are correct.

D) rigid timetables of industrial work.

Maroons were: A) slaves who had intermarried with Indians B) the descendants of slaves and white slave-owners C) the revolutionary force that led the Haitian rebellion D) slaves who ran away and formed their own communities in remote areas E) slaves who collaborated with their owners and gained power within the plantation system

D) slaves who ran away and formed their own communities in remote areas

The American colonists won their bid for independence primarily because: A) they had superior generals B) they were united in the cause of freedom C) colonial militias were more disciplined and better marksmen than were the British D) the French and the Dutch decided to support them against the British E) all these answers are correct

D) the French and the Dutch decided to support them against the British

"Ten days that shook the world" is a reference to A) the Paris settlement of the Great War B) the debacle at Gallipoli C) the German thrust toward Paris in August 1914 D) the Russian Revolution in October 1917. E) days in August leading up to the outbreak of the Great War.

D) the Russian Revolution in October 1917.

Why had most European governments abandoned concessionary companies in Africa by the early twentieth century? A) the companies provoked rebellion, and the governments had to come to their defense B) The companies became so profitable that the governments decided to take over management of the colonies C) The companies became so powerful that they threatened to break away from the mother country D) the brutal use of forced African labor by companies provoked a public outcry in Europe E) none of these answers are correct

D) the brutal use of forced African labor by companies provoked a public outcry in Europe

he scramble for Pacific island colonies in the late nineteenth century was motivated by A) the desire for the tropical produce. B) the need to defend the whaling industry. C) concerns about the Japanese expansion to nearby islands. D) the desire for strategic ports and refueling stations in the Pacific Ocean. E) All these answers are correct

D) the desire for strategic ports and refueling stations in the Pacific Ocean.

The Battle of Gallipoli was significant in that A) it sounded the death-knell of the Ottoman Empire. B) it demonstrated that the British navy was no match for German dreadnoughts. C) this decisive battle finally broke the stalemate on the western front. D) this British-directed debacle cost the lives of many Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand troops. E) it demonstrated that, after the arrival of American troops, the Allies would win the war.

D) this British-directed debacle cost the lives of many Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand troops.

Tanzimat legal reforms included all of the following rights EXCEPT A) equality before the law for all subjects. B) public trials in civil courts. C) the right to privacy. D) women's right to sue for divorce. E) None of these is correct, because all were among the Tanzimat legal reforms.

D) women's right to sue for divorce.

A political liberal in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate: A) returning freed slaves to Africa B) the confiscation of church property by the state C) universal suffrage for all men and women, regardless of race D) written constitutions and representative government E) all these answers are correct

D) written constitutions and representative government

The first military use of gunpowder was mainly for A. psychological terror: making unexpected loud noises B. fireworks display to celebrate a victory C. unmanned torpedoes against enemy vessels D. bombs lobbed by catapults into cities under siege E. large mounted cannons on merchant ships

D. bombs lobbed by catapults into cities under siege

The Mughal dynasty fell primarily because: A) the state had been wakened by conflicts during the reign of Aurangzeb B) the East India Company established powerful coastal trading forts C) British merchants gained access to interior territories D) the Sepoy Mutiny failed to drive the British out of India E) All these answers are correct

E) All these answers are correct

In the New World, the Columbian exchange generally resulted in the A) introduction of infectious diseases. B) staggering loss of indigenous populations. C) introduction of domesticated animals such as cattle and horses. D) introduction of food crops such as wheat. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

Which of the following might be a feature or effect of cultural nationalism? A) the study of your culture's language B) the study of your culture's history C) collecting folk songs and fairy tales of your culture D) anti-Semitism E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

A key factor in the U.S. decision to enter World War I was A) its long-standing friendship with Great Britain. B) the U.S. desire to acquire German colonies in the Pacific. C) American prejudice against German immigrants. D) the political ambition of Woodrow Wilson. E) Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare against the United States.

E) Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare against the United States.

Charles V was unable to forge a united empire for all of the following reasons except: A) The Lutheran challenge sapped much of his attention B) French kings undermined his efforts and allied themselves with his enemies C) There was no central administration to the empire; each state was governed separately D) His empire was geographically fragmented E) He alienated the pope for failing to crush Luther

E) He alienated the pope for failing to crush Luther

Which of the following statements about the League of Nations is not true? A) It was conceived by Woodrow Wilson. B) It was rejected by the U.S. Congress. C) It was designed to solve international disputes through arbitration. D) It had no power to enforce its decisions. E) It was dominated by the countries of Europe.

E) It was dominated by the countries of Europe.

Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842? A) Britain gained control of the island of Hong Kong. B) British merchants gained the right to conduct the opium trade unimpeded. C) Chinese ports were open to foreign trade and residence. D) Christian missionaries were permitted to come into China. E) Japan gained control of the island of Taiwan.

E) Japan gained control of the island of Taiwan.

Which individual is incorrectly paired with a scientific discovery? A) Newton and the principle of gravity B) Kepler and the planetary orbits C) Galileo and the principle of inertia D) Copernicus and the sun-centered model of the universe E) Ptolemy and the moons of Jupiter

E) Ptolemy and the moons of Jupiter

Which of the following was NOT a significant presence in the Indian Ocean by the mid-eighteenth century? A) Britain B) France C) the Netherlands D) Portugal E) Russia

E) Russia

The "Great Game" refers to the A) British and French rivalry for control of India B) German conflict with the British and French for control of Africa C) U.S. view of their easy victory in the Spanish-American War D) Japanese and Chinese contest for domination of Manchuria E) Russian contest with Britain for central Asia

E) Russian contest with Britain for central Asia

Cecil Rhodes was: A) the British military leader who was responsible for a boom in naval expansion B) the American politician who articulated the belief in manifest destiny C) responsible for the philosophy known as Darwinism D) the first leader of an independent Canada E) a leading British imperialist active in south Africa

E) a leading British imperialist active in south Africa

Factors in the decline of slavery included all of the following except: A) the anti-slavery movement B) the frequency of slave revolts C) the declining profitability of slaves D) the realization that wage labor in factories was cheaper than slave labor on plantations E) all of the above

E) all of the above

In response to the challenges raised by the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church: A) launched a military campaign against the German states B) abandoned its monasteries in Germany C) abandoned the practice of selling indulgences D) Summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen their spiritual commitment E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Martin Luther's word had an enthusiastic popular support because A) he attacked the sale of indulgences B) many christians shared his concern about the corruption of the church C) many german princes saw it as a way to break from the church D) he supported the translation of the bible from Latin into the vernacular languages E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Which of the following could be considered a contributing cause of the Russian revolution of 1905? A) the lack of a representative legislative body B) the defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War C) the Bloody Sunday massacre D) the government's failure to address the inequities of land ownership E) all of the above

E) all of the above

African slaves were in demand for the New World because A) so many Native Americans died from imported diseases. B) native peoples frequently escaped into the hinterlands. C) sugar plantations in the Caribbean required considerable labor. D) Spanish and Portuguese conquerors disdained manual labor. E) all of the above.

E) all of the above.

Colonial rule dramatically altered the environment in which of the following places? A) India, due to tea production. B) Ceylon, due to tea production. C) Malaya, due to rubber production. D) Sumatra, due to rubber production. E) all of the above.

E) all of the above.

Richelieu and his absolutist theory heir, Louis XIV, managed to control the nobles of France and their activities by A) crushing the most powerful nobles in a civil war early in his reign. B) heavily taxing the nobles' estates so they could no longer fund private armies. C) requiring the nobility to live at Versailles where he could distract them and keep an eye on them. D) appointing hundreds of new nobles from the merchant class, who were loyal to him. E) all of the above.

E) all of the above.

Sunni Ali's administration of the Songhay was strengthened by A) a system of provincial governors. B) an effective chain of military command. C) an imperial navy to patrol the Niger River. D) the profitable trans-Saharan traffic. E) all of the above.

E) all of the above.

The Peace of Westphalia, which ended of the Thirty Years' War, ensured that A) Germany remained fragmented. B) the nations of Europe would no longer go to war over religion. C) each nation was permitted to direct its own internal affairs. D) the balance of power was the new principle of European diplomacy. E) all of the above.

E) all of the above.

The rivalry between Germany and Britain up to 1914 included A) an expensive naval race. B) competition for foreign markets. C) tariff wars. D) competition for colonies in east and southwest Africa. E) all of the above.

E) all of the above.

Proponents of "scientific racism" argued that A) race could be biologically defined and characterized. B) western dominance was justified on the basis on racial superiority. C) the theories of Charles Darwin supported world dominance by the "fittest" races. D) people of European descent were morally superior to other races. E) all these answers are correct

E) all these answers are correct

The United States acquired Hawai'i by A) secretly sponsoring a rebellion against the Hawaiian monarchy. B) a purchase treaty with the Hawai'ian people. C) seizing the islands by force in order to provide a naval base in the Pacific. D) purchasing the islands from Spain in the wake of the Spanish-American War. E) annexing the islands after American planters had overthrown the monarchy.

E) annexing the islands after American planters had overthrown the monarchy.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the catalyst that started World War I because A) he was a unifying force between Serbia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. B) his death caused Russia to rush to the defense of Austria. C) his death caused Germany to rush to the defense of Serbia. D) his death ended plans for national self-determination within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. E) his death brought to a head the tensions underlying the alliances in eastern and western Europe.

E) his death brought to a head the tensions underlying the alliances in eastern and western Europe.

Social reforms enacted by Germany in the late nineteenth century included all of the following EXCEPT A) retirement pensions. B) a minimum wage. C) unemployment insurance. D) medical insurance. E) mandatory trade union membership.

E) mandatory trade union membership.

In their critique of industrial capitalism, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels claimed that A) the trade union movement would force industry to accept social reforms. B) the most equitable and just society could be found in an industrial commune. C) the bourgeois class needed to exercise responsibility toward their workers. D) democracy had failed because most workers did not understand their true interests; a dictatorship would serve them better. E) only a communist revolution would overcome the abuses of capitalism and create a just and equal society.

E) only a communist revolution would overcome the abuses of capitalism and create a just and equal society.

The Berlin West Africa Conference in 1884-1885 established A) the procedures for purchasing African lands from local rulers B) the rules of military engagement for European forces overseas C) that the Americas were off-limits for further European colonization D) that Africa would be carved into spheres of influence similar to those of China E) that if a European power indicated its intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony

E) that if a European power indicated its intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony

Seventeenth-century constitutional monarchies are characterized by all of the following except: A) representational institutions such as Parliament B) a system of shared authority C) state support for maritime trade and international commerce D) recognition of individual rights E) the election of the monarch by the merchant class

E) the election of the monarch by the merchant class

Portuguese mariners succeeded in building a trading-post empire early in the sixteenth century for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A) the ruthless policies of naval commander Afonso d'Alboquerque. B) the head start that Portugal enjoyed over other European powers in the exploration of the Indian Ocean. C) the use of heavy artillery to overpower other craft and onshore sites. D) the Portuguese control of strategic ports such as Hormuz and Melaka. E) the superiority of the Portuguese navy over English and Dutch forces.

E) the superiority of the Portuguese navy over English and Dutch forces.

Ibn Battuta was able to travel extensively across Asia and Africa in the early fourteenth century because A. he was welcomed as an Islamic judge in many Muslim kingdoms B. new maritime technology made long-distance travel more common C. he was able to take advantage of existing trade routes D. the Mongol kingdoms provided safe passage for merchants and travelers E. all of the above.

E. All of the above (below) A. he was welcomed as an Islamic judge in many Muslim kingdoms B. new maritime technology made long-distance travel more common C. he was able to take advantage of existing trade routes D. the Mongol kingdoms provided safe passage for merchants and travelers

Under Hongwu, the Ming dynasty was established as A. a feudal state dominated by local warlords B. a military state with a puppet emperor C. a constitutional monarchy D. a decentralized empire with considerable autonomy for local authorities E. a highly centralized autocratic state

E. a highly centralized autocratic state

The primary significance of Marco Polo's travels is the fact that A. he was among the first Europeans to live and work in China B. he opened European markets to Chinese merchants C. he introduced Chinese technologies to Europe D. his adventures inspired European readers to seek profit and adventure abroad E. all of the above

E. all of the above (below) A. he was among the first Europeans to live and work in China B. he opened European markets to Chinese merchants C. he introduced Chinese technologies to Europe D. his adventures inspired European readers to seek profit and adventure abroad

Efforts to forge an alliance between the Mongols and the powers of Europe ended when A. Rabban Sauma was denied access to the pope B. Christian crusaders attacked Muslims at Jerusalem C. the Mongols invaded Russia D. Marco Polo's memoirs revealed a Mongol plan to invade Europe E. the Mongols converted to Islam

E. the Mongols converted to Islam

Portugal led Europe in maritime exploration for all the following reasons except A. they had long years of experience fishing in the Atlantic B. they took an early lead in the African slave trade C. Prince Henry hoped to convert the peoples of Africa to Christianity D. they discovered and colonized a number of Atlantic islands early in the fourteenth century E. they had more people and a more advanced economy than the other states of Europe

E. they had more people and a more advanced economy than the other states of Europe