HIST 2322-500 midterm -from quizzes

The system devised under the Tokugawa bakufu ("_______", referring to the shogun's official status as the emperor's mobile deputy) was called sankin kotai, the "rule of alternate attendance".

"tent government"

Experiments in the _______ with movable metal typeface resulted in the innovation of the printing press.

1430's

The poetic form of haiku reached its golden age in the Tokugawa period, and the most renowned practitioner of the form, composed of ___-syllable couplets, was Matsuo Basho.

17

Dubbed Doña Marina, Malinche was:

A Nahuatl-speaking woman who acted as translator for Hernán Cortés.

Some slave-ship captains favored the "tight packing" method, deliberately overcrowding their human cargo on a Middle Passage voyage on the assumption that:

A few more captives might survive than on a ship that was less crowded.

The position of the military aristocracy in Japan was:

Absolute and unquestioned, in all matters of life and death.

James Oglethorpe's vision for the colony of Georgia included all of the following except:

An adoption of native Creek patterns of interaction with the natural environment.

Dorgon crossed the Great Wall into China in 1642:

At the invitation of a Chinese general.

On St. _______'s Day in August 1572, the Catholic king and aristocracy of France perpetrated a wholesale slaughter of thousands of Huguenots.

Bartholomew

The eighteenth century proved to be a boon time for all involved in the ____________ trade, and the British in particular increasingly viewed it as a valuable part of their growing commercial power.

Canton

Recent scholarship suggests that a key formative element in the development of culture and identity of Africans in the Americas lay in the influence of the:

Central African Creoles from Kongo and Ndongo

A standoff between the Parliament and King _________ of England (and Scotland) led to civil war and the king's execution in 1649.

Charles I

Qing philosophers based themselves at the Donglin Academy, founded in 1604, and devoted themselves to reconstituting an activist ________ based on rigorous self-cultivation and advising court officials.

Confucianism

The Moroccan sultans who invaded the Songhay Empire in 1591 had recently:

Driven the Portuguese from their Atlantic coast and worried about similar incursions elsewhere.

"_______ learning" was especially prized in the Tokugawa period, with their representatives retaining yearly access to the shogunate and exerting influence on prominent Japanese intellectual.

Dutch

Spain refused to recognize the "United Provinces of the ____________ Republic" until 1648.

Dutch

The purpose of the Spanish Inquisition, as appointed by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1481, was to:

Ferret out any people whose beliefs were contrary to Church teachings.

The average slave field hand on a sugar plantation was estimated to live:

Five or six years.

The practice of the devșirme contradicted Islamic law, which:

Forbade the enslavement of "peoples of the Book".

The demand for slave labor reached new heights in Brazil when:

Gold was discovered in Minas Gerais in 1690.

All of the following is true of Peter the Great of Russia EXCEPT:

He often rewarded western technical experts by giving them estates and serfs in the Balkans.

An expedition sent out the Portuguese king ___________ the Navigator captured the city of Ceuta on the North African coast in 1415.

Henry

Leading a motley force of about 530 Spanish men, _________ defeated a much larger indigenous force at Tabasco in 1518.

Hernán Cortés

The establishment of the _________ in Virginia in 1619 was an indication that the British would not follow the same policy in the New World as their Spanish counterparts.

House of Burgesses

European manufacturers of porcelain:

Imitated Chinese designs in porcelain before they could make their own.

An early indicator of the significance of the money economy in the Ottoman Empire was the military institution of the _________, troops of conscripted Christian boys who received salaries from the central treasury.

Janissaries

In the fall of 1600, the back of the western coalition of daimyos was broken by the Tokugawa victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, near __________.

Kyoto

Portuguese mariners initially sailed up the Congo River in the 1480s in hopes of:

Linking up with Prester John, who could help with the conquest of Jerusalem.

Ships leaving from their home ports in Bristol and _________ would exchange manufactured goods and household wares for slaves in West Africa.

Liverpool

From Quebec, the French embarked on an exploratory and fur-trading mission south into the Great Lakes region, the Mississippi valley and the Mississippi delta, claiming these lands as part of their Canada-Mississippi- _________ territory.

Louisiana

African rulers sold slaves to the Europeans as:

Luxury items to be exchanged for other luxury items.

"Auto-da-fé" means "act of faith" in the ___________ language.

Portuguese

A culturally Dutch settler society emerged in the Cape Colony of South Africa, which included:

Protestants fleeing religious persecution in France and Germany.

With the traditional threats from the borders now quashed, the reign of the __________ emperor, from 1736 to 1795, marked both the high point and the beginning of the decline of the Qing dynasty

Qianlong

The Ottoman army carried all wages, gunpowder, weapons, and the majority of its food in its wagons and barges because:

Soldiers were not permitted to provision themselves from the belongings of villagers.

When the city of ___________ was captured in November 1519, the emperor Moctezuma II was forced to swear allegiance to Emperor Charles V.

Tenochtitlan

All of the following were the result of the Peace of Westphalia EXCEPT:

The Protestants gained considerable territory in northern Germany.

The popularity of rum promoted:

The expansion of sugar planting and slavery, to their peak after 1750.

After another doubling of its population by 1800, China moved toward what some historical demographers have called a high-level equilibrium trap, a condition in which:

The land has reached its maximum potential for feeding a population, and the surplus population begins to starve.

The main impulse for the revivalist movement known as the "Great Awakening" of the 1730s and 1740s was:

The tour of the Methodist preachers John and Charles Wesley through Georgia.

The incursion of ______ into Ottoman territory bought time for the Byzantine emperors in the early fifteenth century.

Timur the Great

Among the many Native American allies who aided Cortés in the conquest of the Aztec Empire were the _________, sworn enemies of the Aztecs.

Tlaxcalans

Under Süleyman "the Magnificent" most of the Janissaries were stationed in barracks in and near the _____________.

Topkapi Palace

All of the following are true of Galileo Galilei, EXCEPT:

Using mathematics, he was able to prove that Archimedes was wrong in his theory of falling bodies.

The Popes found Jesuit practices in China like ___________ problematic.

Using tea and rice for the Eucharist instead of bread and wine

The indigo plant, which _____________, contributed to a booming economy in South Carolina starting in the 1740s.

Was processed into a dye

In contrast to their counterparts in West Africa, the Fur and Funj federations between Lake Chad and the Nile ____________

Were fully converted to Islam, from the royal clans down to the commoners.

In the early 17th century, the French, English and Dutch started occupying smaller unclaimed Caribbean islands which they then used to launch raids on Spanish colonies in order to disrupt Spain's monopoly on shipping between Europe and its Caribbean possessions, eventually taking some of these Spanish outposts. Most notable among these conquered Spanish outposts was Jamaica, taken by the English, and _________, taken by the French.

Western Hispaniola

Luther and Calvin disagreed on all of the following theological matters except:

Whether violence should be used against those who rebel against Biblical authority.

In his preface, Cervantes claimed he had written Don Quixote of La Mancha to "ridicule the absurdity" of notions of ___________.

chivalry

The Ottomans benefited from the trade of a new commodity, _____________, which was produced in Ethiopia and Yemen.

coffee

A form of forced enslavement in direct contradiction to Islamic law, the _________ system was a levy on Christian boys in the Ottoman Empire by which the conquered Christian population was obligated to contribute adolescent males to join the military and administrative classes.

devshirme

__________ would have been destroyed in a Muslim holy war had it not been for the timely arrival of a Portuguese fleet with artillery and musketeers in 1541.

ethiopia

After the demise of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty, and in an effort to regain control over Spain's American possessions, the new French-descended Bourbons put into practice a series of reforms aimed at _________.

improving Spain's naval connections and administrative control in the New World

The portolan (nautical chart) drawn by Pedro Reinel is the earliest known map to include _____________.

lines of latitude

Iberian Muslims were known as _________.

moriscos

During the Reconquista, Iberian Christians sought to rid the peninsula of:

muslim rule

By one estimate, in 1450 ________ of the Ming frontier military units had cannon, most of which were produced in arsenals like Junqiju.

one-half

Kangxi's 13 _________, embodying maxims distilled in part from Zhu Xi's thought, became the official Qing creed from 1670 on.

sacred edicts

Mehmet II besieged and conquered Constantinople within ________ in 1453.

two months

During the first three decades of the sixteenth century, which of the following was not a pressing issue plaguing Emperor Charles V?

war with england

The "Newtonian synthesis" was:

A fusion of the fields of mathematics, astronomy, physics, and theology.

Some signs of economic stress were already present toward the end of Qianlong's reign, and chief among these was the problem of:

Absentee landlordism.

The items representing the artistic and aesthetic tastes of the court and the samurai were:

Widely available to anyone who had the money and interest to afford them.

The _________, a primary target of English privateers, carried silver from Mexico to China annually and returned laden with Chinese silks, porcelain and lacquerware.

Acapulco-Manila treasure fleet

The rulers of Benin did all of the following except:

Actively resisted the encroachment of Portuguese cultural values.