hist 362

Red Barber

American sports commentatot, primarily radio broadcasted MLB by calliing play by plays with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers adn NY Yankees he was hired by MacPhail

Green Light Letter

FDR's response letter to Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis (current MLB commissioner) giving him the OK to continue baseball during WWII. Tells Landis that it is truly his decision as commissioner, but he believes baseball should continue to give the American People some form of recreation during such a hard time. He also adds that players who are being drafted should probably go serve their country, and that baseball will still be good even if it is made up of the older players who are not drafted.

Ives-Quinn Law

the law against discrimination -1945 New York was the first state in the country to enact legislation prohibitng discrimination in employment based on race, creed, color and national origin -later renamed Human Rights Law

Barry Bonds and Roger Clemens

two of the greatest baseball players in history that are not in the Hall of Fame, PEDs complicated their inductions

"Chicks Dig the Long Ball"

used to suggest that women are impressed by feats of strength or spectacular heroics 1998 Nike ad featuring all star players

Hank Aaron

This MLB player broke Babe Ruth's homerun record when he hit his 755th homerun in 1974.

Executive Order 9066

US order to prescribe certain areas as military zones, clearing the way for incarcerating Japanese, German and Italian

Larry MacPhail

one of the greatest movers and shakers in baseball, introduced innovation to the game such as night baseball, airplane travel, pension plans and batting helmets inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1978

Pete Rose

passes Ty Cobb on the all-time hits list with number 4,192; he will eventually be banned from baseball in 1989 for gambling making him ineligible for the Hall of Fame

Greenies

performance enhancing drugs, not banned until 2006 -originally given to the US military to help them better perform their duties

Pittsburg Crawfords

professional NLL team formed in Pittsburgh, one of the strongest NLL

Dick Allen

really good MLB hitter who was never inducted in to HOF, played in an era where run production decreased across baseball, he had amazing numbers at this time that put him in the record book

Peter Seitz Decision

ruling by arbitrator, which declared the MLB players to become free agents upon playing one year for their team without a contract, effectively nullifying baseball's reserve clause

Jose Feliciano

sang a counter culture version of the National Anthem at the 1968 World Series. People were pissed because they considered it "unAmerican." Showed the lack of diversity within the sport despite the popular radicalism of the 60s

Branch Rickey

sports executive most well known for breaking thr color barrier in baseball with Jackie Robinson, he created a way for black players to have access to major leagues paving the way of sorts -invented the modern farm system

Buscones

term used in the Dominican Republic to refer to people who peddle young baseball players to scouts for team from MLB

Minnie Minoso

the cuban comet, and mr. white sox cuban negro league and MLB player -began career in 1946 and became an All Star third baseman with the NY Cubans and was signed by Cleveland Indians after 1848 as color line slowly fell

Negro National League

African American baseball league organized in 1920 by Andrew "Rube" Foster; first to achieve stability and last more than one season; played exhibition ball and frequently beat white major-league teams

The Bad News Bears

American sports comedy film, bears are a team made up of the worst played, end up signing a young girl and win the championship against the yankees

Bill Veeck

Known as one of the most innovative promoters and credited for many commonly used promotions today

Cal Ripken Jr.

Played in 2,131 consecutive games. Repairs the image of baseball players that they were not all money-hungry people who didn't actually care about the game.

Disco Demolition

-people getting fed up with disco -came to represent cultural changes & people didn't like that -so heterosexual men (white and black) fought for their voices -opposition was prominent enough the White Sox engages Chicgago shock - blew up disco records on the field -significant because it was a display of racism and homophobia

The Green Fields of the Mind

A. Bartlett Giamatti - romanticizes baseball and the way people feel about the 1977 game. Was a life long fan of the Red Sox

collusion

Baseball owners colluded to lower the salaries of the free agents. Marvin Miller finds this out and makes the owners pay back the money.

Chavez Ravine

Battle of chavez ravine (dodge stadium) area w/the 3 main mexican barrios where stadium is now. Emerged from displacement of Mexican families btn 1951-1961. in effort to move brooklyn dodgers to LA, LA housing authority began condemning area in 1951 as blighted, poverty stricken, and crime ridden adding made city planners. All latino inhabitants kicked out of area by 1953, on May 19th 1959 last family in area arechigas frocibly removed form homes by LAPD. He sat in a tent next to demolished home w/shotgun protecting remains of ruined home for years ( battle of chavez ravine) agreed to leave after city paid him $10,000

Fantasy camps

Camps created for middle aged superfans to go live out their childhood dreams and play baseball with their favorite childhood players (now retired). Results in several injuries for these middle aged men lol, at the end of the camp they play a full 9 inning game against the retired players.

Bill James

Challenged conventional wisdom of how to evaluate sport through statistical data Works for Red Sox Quantitative measures to test subjective evaluations

Walter O'Malley

Co-inventor, with James G. Mason, of the idea of a sport management curriculum. Also owner of the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers from 1943 until his death in 1979.

Satchel Paige

Famous African American baseball player in the 1920's; played in the old Negro National League - first Negro league player to be inducted into the Hall of Fame

Frank Robinson

First african american manager in MLB only baseball player to win MVP honors in both National and American Leagues paved the way fpr black managers, dealt with racism and segregation during his career

"Convenience of Ignorance"

Gunner Myrdal, An American Dilemma (1944) held by a lot of white Americans; white people just ignorant of black Americans, not hatred, and the ideas are so commonplace and all they know. There were many white Americans who were conveniently ignorant about the capabilities of black Americans. They werent extremely violent racists, just ignorant.

Roger Maris

He was the first player to break Babe Ruth's single-season home run record when he hit 61 of them in 1961, despite playing through unbelievable pressure from the media and the fans

Fernando Valenzuela

Mexican MLB pitcher best remembered for his time with the LA Dodgers, batted and pitched left handed -humble upbringing in a poor farming community

Josh Gibson

Name the player from the Negro baseball league who was known as the "Black Babe Ruth." - became a pro by accident, said to be better than Ted Williams, Babe Ruth

Bud Selig

Owner of the Brewers who advocated for revenue equalization. Once this becomes reality, he pockets the money instead of putting it back into the team so essentially he a bitch. Also was commissioner of baseball from 1998-2015. Considered to be one of if not the best commissioner of all time because he turned around baseball revenue and attendance during his time in office. So although he still a bitch, he was a pretty good commissioner and a big influence on baseball.

Curt Flood

Played for Cardinals for a long time at centerfield, then fought back on his request to be traded to Philadelphia. 1st player to fight back against the reserve clause. This battle went beyond race. His case went to the supreme court in 1972, but he lost due to the lack of support from other active players. He made white players also think they were slaves with the reserve clause-new perspective on sports, even for white players

Roberto Clemente

Puerto Rican baseball player was elected to the Hall of Fame of 1972, charity stuff, died in a plane crash going to do relief work--- could run and throw, hit better than anyone else out there

George w Bush - first pitch

Right after 9/11, his pitch was symbolic of America at that time, it seemed important that he throw a nice pitch - Once again people put a lot of weight on baseball (it helped people feel like everything else was going to be okay too)

Melissa Ludtke

Sued MLB after banned from locker room despite having a press pass. Helped lift the ban on female reporters in male sports locker rooms

Marvin Miller

The MCBPA's (Major League Baseball Players Associations) executive director, he was told by Curt Flood that he wanted to challenge the reserve clause in court as a violation of federal antitrust statues even though it might mean the end of Flood's career. He warned the owners that they needed to revise the clause or there would be problems

Jackie Robinson

The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.

Mitchell Report

a 2007 report led by former Senator George J. Mitchell Report which names 89 MLB players who were alleged to have used illegal or performance enhancing substances

Rotisserie League Baseball

a type of baseball scoring system that was developled independently and popularized in the 1980s by a group of journalists and formalized type of fantasy baseball

All American Girls Professional Baseball League

all womens league shown on TV while men were fighting in the war. Mirrored the pictures of strength and femininity, put a high priority on etiquette, hygiene and social skills

A. Barlett Giamatti

author of the Green Fields of the Mind ---he negotiatied the agreement resolving the Pete Rose betting scandal by permitting Rose to voluntarily withdraw from the sport to avoid further punishment

Flood v. Kuhn

baseball case, challenged reserve clause, court used stare decisis to rule against flood. Too much money at stake. Ruling in favor of flood would have put mlb at risk. exempt from antitrust laws. Fair = no, economically justified = yes. Courts said don't want to get involved, this is a problem for congress (is there any legal way to keep the status quo)

1975 World Series

between Red Sox and Reds, ranked as second greatest World Series ever played 1974- encouraged two pitchers to play out the succeeding year without signing a contract after the time elapsed both played filed a grievance arbitration -figured out the loophole in the reserve clause

wendell smith

black sportswriter for the Pittsburgh Courier arguing for desegregation, pushing the MLB to dismantle the Gentleman's Agreement. Extols virtues and talents of black players and put pressure on the team owners.

Ball Four

book written by former MLB pitches, recounts a lot of his career spent with the Yankees and shines light on the use of drugs in baseball!!!!

Mickey Mantle and Nostalgia

called the greatest switch hitter, Mantle was a white hero at a time when the game of baseball was getting blacker and blacker He was a reminder of the way the game used to be played for the folks that didn't want to accept the changing face of baseball

Andrew Rube Foster

celebrated baseball pitcher and team manager. His greatest contribution came in 1920 when he founded the Negro National League. His work earned him the title "The Father of Black Baseball"

Bill Buckner

former pro first baseman in the MLB -best remembered for a ground ball fielding error that cost his team the World Series

Shot heard round the world

game winning homerun by New York Giants outfielder -first televised baseball game and seen byb millions of viewers

Al Campanis

general manager for Dodgers, made controversial remarks regarding black players basically said blacks lacked competence to hold executive positions in the game

Joe DiMaggio

hall of famer who was a cultural icon as he married Marilyn Monroe and Doroth Arnold -played for Yankees his entire carreer and is best known for his 56-game hitting streak -engrained in American culture

1994 Player's Strike

inequality among teams because of unequal media and TV coverage. Bud Selig pushes for revenue equalization but big market teams like the Yankees and George Steinbrenner don't want to share. It is decided that owners will share but want a salary cap. Players don't like this and go on strike. This leads to the luxury tax implemented in 2003.

Effa Manley

non-black woman, husband Abe, they co-owned the Newark Eagles and she was very involved in Civil Rights, a part of the black community, inducted into the hall of fame

Ted Williams

one of the best all around player in baseball history, he was an amazing hitter - played for the red sox - missed 5 seasons to the military, missed time explains why the game's greatest hitter didn't reach 3,000

Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa

used drugs during the MLB home run record chase -both players ended up breaking Rogern Maris long standing home run record

White flight

working and middle-class white people move away from racial-minority suburbs or inner-city neighborhoods to white suburbs and exurbs