HIST Test 2
Which of the following characterize the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte in France?
A centralized, efficient administration
On which of the following premises does the concept of popular sovereignty depend?
A nation is a people sharing a common culture, language, and history
Which of John Lockes ideas formed the basis of the declaration of independence?
A social contract, binding both ruler and ruled
Which group of people was consign to the bottom of Linnaeus is classification of people?
Africans
Which of the following statements best characterize the effects of attempts to convert both Amerindians and Africans to Christianity during the 17th and 18th centuries?
Africans and Amerindians used Christianity to supplement their existing beliefs, not replace them
What did Europeans mean when they proposed that Africans should engage in legitimate trade?
Africans should sell raw materials instead of slaves, and by manufactured goods from Europe
Which approach to religion best characterizes its Ming Chinese and Mughal rulers in this period?
Both accepted varieties of religious pluralism in their territories
Which of the following accurately describes the reactions of Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti and the Haitian declaration of independence to French proclamations?
Both criticize the hypocrisy of French claims to Egyptians and Haitians
Which of the following did Captain Cook and Christopher Columbus have in common?
Both of them changed local ecology's by introducing European flora and fauna to unfamiliar environments
In the 18th century, global trade was stimulated by poor people in Western Europe consuming which of the following products?
Coffee, tea, and sugar
Francis Bacon's method of scientific inquiry asserted which of the following?
Conducting experiments was the only way that humans could begin to understand the workings of nature
What type of significant artwork was produced by the Oyo empire and Benin
Sophisticated bronzes
Which of the following explains in part why Chyna did not become the epicenter of the industrial revolution?
The Qings did not foster experimentation or create links between the fingers and investors
Which of the following is an important cultural achievement of the Safavids?
The Safavid Empire provided a home for Shiite Islam, and blended it with traditional Persian culture.
Which of the following is often seen as the epic home of the blending of Persian, Islamic, and Indian traditions?
The Taj Mahal
Which document resulted from elite Americans fear that they revolution was becoming too radical and threaten to plunge the nation into anarchy?
The constitution
Which of the following reflects a difference between China and the Islamic empires?
China's internal market fueled its growth and culture, instead of the foreign trade that provided wealth to the Islamic empires
Which of the following is a similarity between the ways that the rulers of Muslim and Chinese empires use the new well circulating in global trade?
Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their resumes through magnificent architecture and art
How was Tokugawa Japan influenced by China?
Chinese literature, legal thought, and religion had a significant influence on Tokugawa Japan
Which of the following accurately indicates the process by which the slave trade was ended in the north Atlantic?
Countries gradually prohibited the slave trade, and Britain posted a naval squadron off the coast of west Africa to prevent any slave trade north of the equator
In the 17th and 18th centuries, what led the Japanese to consider how to control and integrate foreign learning (especially from China and Europe)?
Earlier, foreign ideas rarely traveled beyond coastal regions, but by the 18th century, expanded networks of exchange facilitated their spread throughout the country
How did the literary culture of late Ming and early Qing china affect elite women's lives?
Elite women were generally able to participate as writers, readers, and editors, despite increasing constraints on their lives
Which of the following was a consequence of napoleons failed attempt to create a French continental empire?
Europe was divided between those who wanted to restore the status quo and those who wanted to create a society based on individual rights and limited government.
Which of the following was a way in which the arts were used by artist or their patrons to send a social message between 1500 and 1750?
European women such as Mary Wollstonecraft took up the pen to counter the belief that women could not act as rational beings
Which of the following supported the Mughal nobility's lavish lifestyle?
Foreign trade brought in silver that advanced the economy, which helped the nobility prosper
Which of the following did Adam Smith see as a valid reason for creating an economy with less government regulations?
He believed that free and fair competition provided the best opportunity to produce wealth
Which of the following actions was undertaken by Muhamed Ali to attempt to create the most powerful state in the eastern Mediterranean?
He deep and irrigation canals and constructed a series of dams across the Nile
Which of the following methods was used by czar Nicholas the first to maintain absolute rule in Russia?
He expanded the secret police and enforced censorship
Why did king Pedro separate Brazil from Portuguese rule and declare Brazil to be a constitutional monarchy?
He feared an uprising among the local elites
Which of the following shows the early Mughal empires attitude toward the culture of south Asia?
Hindus and Muslims shared the flourishing of art, architecture, and music
Which of the following factors helped create the industrious revolution?
Household gave up leisure time to produce more goods for the market in order to buy products produced elsewhere
What was the political rationale for monarchs such as Louis XIV and Charles II to support scientific academies?
If the crown was seen to support scientific progress, the great minds of the academies would also be seen to support the crown.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, how did India's traditional trade patterns change?
India became an importer of British goods such as cotton textiles, and an exporter of raw materials
Which of the following helps explain the degree of intermarriage between European men and native women in the Americas?
Initially, European colonist were overwhelmingly male
In what way did Britain's political and social environment contribute to the industrial revolution?
It allowed merchants and industrialists to heavily invest in such inventions as steam power
In what way was the US declaration of independence and enlightenment document?
It announced that all men were endowed with equal rights
Which of the following accurately describes the political revolution against the Spanish monarchy in early 19th century Latin America?
It became a social struggle among ameridians, slaves, mestizos, and whites
How did the idea that all men are created equal affect revolutionary American society?
It encouraged people to overturn social hierarchies and stopped referring to those who claimed higher rank
How did Europe's trade balance with the rest of the world change during the industrial revolution?
It went from a deficit to a surplus as European sold manufactured goods around the world
Which of the following accurately describes a reason cited by the colonist for the north American war of independence?
King George III insisted that colonist help pay for Britain's war with France and the benefits of being subjects of the British Empire
Who benefited most from the revolutions against Spanish rule in the Americas?
Local military chieftains who formed alliances with land owners
How did the European missionary presents differ in the Americas from that in east Asia before 1800?
Missionaries to the Americas were backed up by colonial officials and military power
Calls for political revolution in the 18th century Atlantic world relied on which of the following new ideas?
Nationalism and democracy
Which of the following accurately describes global trade in the mid 19th century?
People increasingly worked to produce goods they could sell any global market instead of producing subsistence crops
Which of the following statements is supported by John Locke's notion of the Tabula Rasa?
People should be free to rise in society according to their talents
What types of characteristics did Carolus Linnaeus used to define racial categories?
Physical appearance and form of governance
Which of the following is a consequence of the revolution in Saint-Domingue
President Thomas Jefferson refused to recognize the new nation, worried that its success might inspire similar revolts in the United States.
In what way might be transporting a British prisoners to Australia be considered and enlightenment concept?
Prisoners were to be removed from an environment that did not suit them and sent to a new one where they could reform
Who constituted the people, according to the political arrangements Americans made during the war of independence?
Propertied white men
How did the migration of Qing peasants differ from the migration of workers in Britain?
Qing peasants were encouraged by the government to migrate westward to secure frontiers; British agrarian labor move to cities for factory jobs
In the ottoman empire, why did reform attempts, such as the Tanzimat, ultimately fail to reduce revolutionary change?
Reforms relied too much on the personal whim of rulers
How did Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith perceive the influence of commerce on human relations
Rousseau believed that commerce made people harmful to each other, whereas Smith believed it fostered cooperation
In what way did Shimai Soshitsu's writing reflect Adam Smith's conception of human nature?
Shimai was primarily concerned with the success of his house
What effect did the end of the Atlantic slave trade have in Africa?
Slavery increased within Africa to provide labor for commercial crops such as palm oil and cloves.
For what reason did the Chinese take a little interest in the maps brought by Mateo Ricci?
The Chinese believe that Ricci's maps made China seem in unimportant country on the edge of the world
Why didn't Ming China escape the sectarian warfare that ravaged Europe?
The Chinese believed it was the emperor, rather than any religious group, that held the mandate of heaven, so no sect was favored over the others
Which of the following was included in 1842 treaty of Nanjing?
The Chinese ceded the island of Hong Kong to the British.
In what way did the Islamic world in the period between 1500 and 1780 change from its earlier pattern of cultural development?
The Islamic world developed three distinctive cultural traditions centered on the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid empires.
What were some of the broader consequences of the enlightenment?
The expansion of literacy and the spread of critical thinking
In the 18th century, which of the following was an argument made against the Mercantile system?
The mercantile system kept people from sharing in the wealth that was circulating around the Atlantic world
Which group closed off the studies into European science, history, and geography began by Ibrahim Müteferrika?
The ulama
Why did the Chinese devote a great deal of attention to astronomy and calendrical science?
They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work.
Which of the following was a product of radical French revolutionaries who control the French government during the 1790s?
They establish the worlds largest army
Why were elite Iberian Americans initially reluctant to embrace the idea of independence?
They feared that it might generate revolts among slaves or Amerindians.
How did Captain Cook's voyages to Australia reflect enlightenment ideas?
They included scientist to describe in classify Australia's fauna, flora, people, and natural features
How did Asante kings use the wealthy acquired from trade?
They showed off their linked to wealth and power by displaying gold covered spears, maces, and elephant tails
Which of the following was one of the goals of the offers of the encyclopedie?
They sought to gather all the knowledge scattered over the face of the earth and present it in useful form
What was the role of ottoman tekkes schools?
They taught devotional strategies to prepare students to enter Sufi orders
What ideas did European enlightenment thinkers hold in common?
They wanted to improve their societies and search for universal, objective knowledge
What was the primary goal of liberal European reformers, such as Lord Macaulay, concerning changes to India's educational and cultural systems?
To create class that was Indian blood but English in taste and culture
How did Europe's cultural exchanges with the Americas and the Pacific compare with this exchanges with China and the Islamic world?
Unlike cultures in China and the Islamic world, indigenous cultures in the Americas and the Pacific were undermined by contact with Europeans
What invention transformed sugar refining, pottery making, and textile making?
steam engine
