HIST289O Final

An act to prevent the odious practice

"An act to prevent the odious practice of digging up and removing for the purpose of dissection, dead bodies interred in cemeteries or burial places" Passed January 16th 1789 State of New York Significance: Made it punishable to dig up graves and dissect those corpses in New York

How to Rob a train

1. Gather conspirators 2. Locate a good target 3. Get onto train 4. Get to valuables 5. Remove the valuables from train 6. Escape any pursuers Significance:

4 Phases of Somalian Piracy

1. Mid 1990s -2002 : Eyl fishermen (egl. Boyah, Garaad)began organized attacks on fishing trawlers 2. 2003-2007: Eyl - Haradheere connection (Afweyne with help from Boyah, Garaad) -forms "Somali marines' - increased range of attacks and larger attacks 3. 2008-2012: Explosion of piracy targets huge commerical ships (Boyah, Garaad, AFweyne and others) 4. 2013-2016: Decline of piracy in Somalia, rise in West Africa Significance: Modern Day piracy

Pinkerton National Detective Agency

1st detective agency "We never sleep" motto Symbol of an open eye Significance: Searched out criminals while police departments were being more thoroughly established

Radio Luxembourg

1st program to get passed BBC. English speaking broadcasters broadcasted a radio show to britain Significance: 1st program/pirate radio to defy british broadcasting laws

Reno Gang

A gang of train robbers in the U.S. Made up of John Reno, Frank Reno, Frank Sparks, Significance: They were a really big problem in the midwest and were hung by vigilantes.

The Great Gold Robbery

AKA The Great Train Robbery 1855 Actually a burglary on a train from London to Paris where an enormous amount of gold was taken Significance: 1st train robbery of significance

Sidford Hamp

An Englishman held up in a stagecoach robbery in 1872 in America Showed that bandits were not very bad ---> Hamp was poor and the bandits gave money they stole back when they noticed that Significance: Example of banditry in America; compare their behavior to other types of bandits

WT Stead

An english newspaper writer who wrote articles to raise publicity about age of consent Bought a young girl from her mom for an experiment on prostitution in order to write about it and spread awareness of the prostitution epidemic and all it involves Tried in court for kidnapping Tried in court for kidnapping September 2- November 10 1885 ---> found guilty, 3 months in prison Significance: He helped bring underage prostitution to the public eye

Maersk Alabama

Captain Phillips' ship Hijacked by Somali pirates in 2009 Significance: Displays the tendencies of Somali Pirates in the 3rd wave

3 Broadcasting Structures

Commercial radio - advertisement-based. Private (and sometimes public) broadcasting Ex: Andorra, USA, Luxemborg, Monaco Government controlled broadcasting - funded and run by government no private radio stations, no advertisements Ex: Austria, Denmark, Belgium british model - listener license based monopoly on broadcasting Ex: Britain's BBC Significance: Britain had a very strict structure when it came to radio, which pirate radio defied. These broadcasting structures are significant because they were the legal standard.

Rhode Island

Decriminalized prostitution by accident by leaving a loophole of allowing paying cash for sex in private (indoor prostitution) in 1976. Forcible rape reports fell dramatically It was repealed in 2009. Significance: It showed the benefits of legalizing prostitution

Dr. Knox

Dissected the bodies of Burke's victims Significance: An example of the doctors who dissected bodies no matter where they came from. Also an accomplice in Burke's crimes because he accepted the bodies he brought ignoring the red flags that came with them.

Combined Task Force

Effort by countries in the United Nations to deal with the somalian pirates take over of MV victoria Significance: collaborative effort to try to ruin the somalian pirate plans/end the take over

"Petition of the free negroes and slaves in the City of New York"

Feb 4 1788 Mayor and Aldermen (the City Council) accepted petition, but did not respond to it, filed away with no action Significance:

Steps for Robbing a Grave

Find a recent burial = easier to dig up, fresh body Get supplies ---> WOODEN shovel (metal could injure body, was loud, heavier); canvas; crowbar Layout canvas, throw dirt onto it ---> hides traces of digging, easier to refill hole Dig a hole towards the head, insert hooks and crowbar under coffin lid, take ropes, put it behind the body raise it up Body is put in a bag (cloth sack ---> could break body and stuff it in), LEAVE CLOTHES IN GRAVE (taking clothes illegal) Refill grave Significance: These steps show that grave diggers were careful to avoid "technically" illegal activity- makes it more difficult to decide whether legal/not.

4 types of prostitutes

Full time - Escort/ Courtesan/"mistress" Full time- Brothel/w- house/ bawdy house/house of ill repute Full time- street prostitute/common prostitutes Part time - dollymops Significance:Prostitutes were very common in Britain and throughout time. Prostitutes were known for spreading disease and were often seen as less than.

Escort/ Courtesan/"mistress"

Full time - high class prostitute, paid well, live well

Brothel/w- house/ bawdy house/house of ill repute

Full time- Madame/Pimp in charge, clients come to them, middle in pay

street prostitute/common prostitutes:

Full time- paid much lower rates, solicited clients themselves, worked for themselves

Daft Jamie

Killed by Burke and Hare Sloppy, was really well-known, and then gave his clothes to relatives Dr Knox moved Daft Jamie up the line and removed all signs of his identity ---> came across as very suspicious Significance: showed that Burke and Hare had become more careless and comfortable with their crimes; eventually that behavior led to them being caught

Contagious Diseases Act

Looking at syphilis and gonorrhea Specifically looking at military men since huge amounts of the military would be on sick leave at a time. Found that most of these men had seen prostitutes Passed in the british empires Very widespread act Trying to limit STDs Any women suspected to be a prostitute was subject to a medical exam that was internal If they had a disease they would be kept in a lock hospital to be treated - they didn't have to pay If you refused to go to a lock hospital you were put in jail Most countries forced prostitutes to register and get weekly medical exams Only applied to women Significance: Aimed to lessen prostitution and protect men from STDS. Was very one sided and sexist.

Henry Warburton

Member of Parliament in the late 1820s-early 1830s Was placed in charge of a committee to figure out body snatching problem Talked to resurrection men, surgeon's both in and out of guilds, King's surgeon 1829 Bill did not pass, but the Anatomy Act of 1832 did 1855-> made profit from a school that sold body parts to students, huge scandal Significance: Created the legislation designed to end body snatching in Britain

Resurrection Men

Men who robbed graves of recently interred people and stole the bodies to bring to anatomists to study. Significance: They gave bodies to anatomists in need. They helped the science further.

Alastair Cooke

Modern day body snatching. In 2005, New Jersey the company Biomedical tissue services took body parts without permission from bodies in funeral homes. Alistair Cooke was an 80 year old man with bone cancer and they took his bones and sold them. Significance: It's an example of how body snatching has still continued today.

Radio Caroline

Most famous pirate radio Started broadcasting 3/1964, stopped offshore 1991 Significance: most famous and long lasting pirate radio station

Burking

New way of killing = harder to tell if the victim died of natural causes Victim would be very drunk and poor, then suffocated them without a way of leaving medical markers Requires two people Significance: the way the Burke killed his victims to sell to anatomists

Boyah

One of the first Somalian pirate captains Significance: One of the most important somalian pirates

Rowan O' Rahilly

Owner/creator/backer of Radio Caroline Significance: Created the most famous pirate radio station

Dollymops

Part time-worked in urban areas

Marine Broadcasting Offenses Act

Passed in 1967 Made it illegal to run or support a pirate radio station off the coast of Britain Significance: Forced the shut down of all pirate radio stations except Radio Caroline

Radio City

Pirate radio station that was ruined over a fight about audio/broadcasting equipment. Was the scene of a robbery/hold up Was in towers (shivering sands) in the ocean Led to the death of the owner of radio city Significance: The death of the owner of radio city led to lots of political awareness and disapproval of pirate radio stations.

Anatomy Act of 1832

Required licensing of persons who dissected bodies Ended company of surgeon's monopoly on legal dissection Required license for persons who kept records of dissected Ended practice of dissecting murderers Tried to get rid of connection between punishment and dissection Legalized turnover of bodies for dissection of anyone who died in prison, hospital, or workhouse if unclaimed by a relative after 72 hours Legalized bequests of bodies for dissection Created position of Inspector of Anatomy Didn't make bodysnatching illegal or legalize the sale of bodies or body parts Significance: A piece of british legislation aimed at taking away the demand for bodies and body parts in order to deal with resurrectionists and people like Burke.

Josephine Butler

Rescued street prostitutes. Created the Lady's National Association to fight against the Contagious Disease Act Significance: A historical feminist that was outspoken for women's rights.

Anatomists

Scientists who study human anatomy Significance: They studied anatomy to further medicine. They often got their bodies from resurrection men.

MV Victoria

Ship taken over by Somalian pirates in May 2009 Ended with a $1.95 million ransom Significance: A modern case of piracy

Edward Agar, George Tester, William Pierce, Fanny Kay, James Burgess

The Great Gold Robbery conspirators Fanny Kay girlfriend of Edward Agar. Turned them in. Significance: They were the conspirators of the 1st train robbery of significance

Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon

The article written by WT Stead to promote awareness about underage prostitutes being forced into prostitution Based on his experiment buying and forcing Eliza Armstrong into prostitution* Significance: Enlightened the british people on more of the facets of prostitution, especially underage prostitution *She was not subject to sex, but a medical exam and chloroform was used.

Thuggee

Thugs = land based lawbreakers= 19th century Indian highwaymen Gained people's trust and slept at their camps, then murdered and stole things Was the income for their families Significance: They were India's version of highwaymen

Eliza Armstrong

Was the maiden that WT Stead bought from her mom to use in his experiment which he wrote about in Maiden tribute of Modern Babylon Eventually was given to a more loving family Significance: She was bought and used for a story. An example of how easy it was to force a child into prostitution

William Hare

William Burke's partner in killing people to sell their bodies to anatomists. Significance: He helped kill people. Was part of the infamous Burke and Hare duo

1824 Vagrancy Act

illegal to sleep on street illegal to beg illegal to be acting in a riotous or indecent manner as a prostitute in public streets up to a month in prison where you had to do hard labor Significance: One of the attempts the British Government made at limiting prostitution