Histology Final Exam (Lecture - Quizzes 1 -9)

Guillain-Barre syndrome is post viral demyelinating disease causing ascending paralysis due to T cell mediated destruction of the peripheral nerves. Which of the following cell types forms myelin in the peripheral nervous system? a. astrocytes b. oligodendroglia c. microglia d. Schwann cells e. ependymal cells

D. Schwann cells

Identify the INCORRECT statement: a. Absorptive epithelia contain a dense network of blood vessels b. microvilli increase the surface area of the epithelia cells c. Epithelia are classified by the number of cell layers d. In pseudostratified epithelia all epithelial cells are in contact with the basement membrane e. The shape of the cells in the surface layer of transitional epithelia is variable

a. absorptive epithelia contain a dense network of blood vessels

Which cartilaginous structure does NOT have distinct perichondral coverage? a. articular cartilage of the knee joint b. elastic cartilage of the epiglottis c. cartilaginous ring of the trachea d. cartilaginous epiphyseal growth plate

a. articular cartilage of the knee joint

At what level of the vascular tree does gas exchange occur? a. capillary b. arteriole c. venule d. elastic artery

a. capillary

Which type of blood capillaries is the least permeable? a. continuous capillaries b. fenestrated capillaries c. sinusoidal capillaries d. lymphatic capillaries

a. continuous capillaries

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the: a. cortex b. medulla c. caylx d. pelvis e. papillae

a. cortex

A 29-year-old male who recently underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is found to have defect in the FBN-1 gene located on chromosome 15 that encodes fibrillin. Based on this finding, the weakening og his wall most likely associated with a defect in which of the flowing fibers? a. elastic fibers b. type IV collagen fibers c. smooth muscle fibers d. type I collagen fibers e. reticular fibers

a. elastic fibers

Heart valves composed of layers of connective tissue with overlying _____________. a. endocardium b. myocardium c. epicardium d. pericardium

a. endocarium

The connective tissue investment seen with the light microscope around an individual muscle fiber of skeletal muscle is: a. endomysium b. epimysium c. sarcolemma d. perimysium e. basal lamina

a. endomysium

Which of the following components of blood vessels is most consistently present? a. endothelium b. tunica media c. tunica adventitia d. elastic tissue e. smooth muscle fibers

a. endothelium

Which hormone is produced primarily in the medulla of the adrenal gland? a. epinephrine b. calcitonin c. androstenedione d. cortisol

a. epinephrine

What is the characteristic of a secondary nodule? a. germinal center b. lymphocytes c. capsule d. trabeculae e. none of the above

a. germinal center

What is another term for lymphatic nodules? a. lymph follicles b. white pulp c. peyers patches d. lymph node e. diffuse lymphatic tissue

a. lymphatic follicles

Regarding simple columnar epithelium which statement is least descriptive? a. may be keratinized b. may exhibit a microvillous border c. may contain goblet cells d. may have motile cilia e. the height of each cell is typically greater than its width

a. may be keratinized

In the CNS, inefficient clearance of myelin debris due to limited access of ______________________________, the inefficient phagocytic activity of microglia, the formation of an astrocyte-derived scar, and the apoptosis of the oligodendrocytes severely restrict nerve regeneration. a. monocyte-derived macrophages b. lymphocytes c. astrocytes d. fibroblasts e. red blood cells

a. monocyte-derived macrophages

Which layer contains the muscularis mucosa? a. mucosa b. submucosa c. muscularis externa d. serosa e. adventitia

a. mucosa

The contractile element (component) of skeletal muscle is in the: a. myofibrils b. sarcoplasmic reticulum c. sarcolemma d. endomysium e. sarcoplasm

a. myofibrils

The renewal of the epidermis is provided by a small population of stem cells (~10% of cells) in the __________________________ that undergo proliferation. a. stratum basale b. stratum spinosum c. stratum granulosum d. stratum lucida e. stratum corneum

a. stratum basale

All of the following are correct about satellite cells except: a. they are active myoblast b. each cell has a single nucleus c. they can proliferate to repair the damaged skeletal muscle d. they are interposed between the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber and its external lamina

a. they are active myoblast

The striated appearance of skeletal muscle tissue is a result of repeating bands of the proteins actin and myosin that are present along the length of myofibrils, which of these statements are incorrect? a. This is only true for the skeletal muscle cells b. this pattern is the basic contractile unit of skeletal muscle which is called the sarcomere c. smooth muscle cells don't have the repeating pattern arrangement of actin and myosin d. the entire muscle cell exhibits cross-striations because sarcomeres in adjacent myofibrils are arranged with their Z lines in alignment

a. this is only true for the skeletal muscle cells

Where do T lymphocytes gain their immunocompetence? a. thymus b. thyroid c. bursa of fabricus d. bone marrow e. lymph node

a. thymus

Which gland is organized into follicles lined by simple cuboidal epithelial cells and containing stored hormone precursor? a. thyroid b. parathyroid c. adrenal d. pancreatic islets e. testes

a. thyroid

Which layer in an artery contains the endothelium? a. tunica intima b. tunica media c. tunica externa d. all of the above e. none of the above

a. tunica intima

Reabsorption of sodium by renal tubules is regulated by secretion from the: a. thyroid follicles b. adrenal cortex c. parathyroid d. thyroid parafollicular cells (C cells) e. neurohypophysis

b. adrenal cortex

Which organ secretes steroid hormones? a. islets of Langerhans b. adrenal cortex c. adrenal medulla d. thyroid e. parathyroid

b. adrenal cortex

The thick filaments of skeletal muscle fibers: a. consists of both actin and myosin b. are present in the A band c. consists of actin d. are crossed by the Z line e. are present in the I bands

b. are present in the A band

What is the most abundant supportive cells in the CNS and cause most of the primary brain tumors? a. neurons b. astrocytes c. oligodendrocytes d. microglia e. ependymal cells

b. astrocytes

A vaginal biopsy specimen obtained from a 46-year-old woman shows a normal stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium with active mitotic figures. In which layer of the vaginal epithelium are the dividing cells most likely to be found? a. in the superifical layers b. at the basal layer c. below the basement membrane d. in the middle layers e. throughout the entire thickeness

b. at the basal layer

Vasa vasorum are ______________________________. a. nerves b. blood vessels c. conducting cardiac muscle d. valves

b. blood vessels

Purkinje cells (neurons with large cell bodies and densely-branched, flattened dendritic trees) are characteristics of the: a. cerebral cortex b. cerebellar cortex c. ventral horn of spinal cord d. dorsal horn of spinal cord

b. cerebellar cortex

Which structure waves back and forth to move substance along the epithelial surface? a. microvilli b. cilia c. stereocilia d. stereovilli e. none of them

b. cilia

Goodpasture Syndrom (GPS), is also known as anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, is a rare autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the basement membrane in lungs and kidneys, leading to bleeding from the lungs and kidney failure. Which of the following is not a component of the glomerular basement membrane? a. basal lamina of the podocytes b. basal lamina of the fenestrated epithelium c. type IV collagen d. proteoglycans and glycoproteins e. proximal tubules epithelium basal lamina

b. e. proximal tubules epithelium basal lamina

One of the following is NOT a characteristic of the endocrine system a. products secreted into blood b. glands with duct systems c. secretes hormones d. highly vascular

b. glands with duct systems

Which of the following is not present in the bronchioles? a. cilia b. goblet cells c. glands d. smooth muscle e. all of them are not present in the bronchioles

b. goblet cells

Which of the following conditions can trigger white-to brown transdifferentiation adipocytes? a. increase serum levels of glucose b. increase serum levels of triglycerides c. cold exposure d. hunger

b. increase serum levels of triglycerides

What is the surface layer of masticatory mucosa composed of? a. non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium b. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium c. simple squamous epithelium d. pseudostratified squamous epithelium e. both a and b

b. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

The lining of the pleural cavity is: a. endothelium b. mesothelium c. type I pneumocytes d. type II pneumocytes e. pseudostratified columnar epithelium

b. mesothelium

What do we call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the outer surface of the heart? a. epitheliod tissue b. mesothelium c. endothelium d. transitional e. pseudostratified

b. mesothelium

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating autoimmune disease which attacks myelin in the CNS. Which of the following cell types forms myelin in the CNS? a. astrocytes b. oligodendroglia c. microglia d. Schwann cells e. ependymal cells

b. oligodendroglia

It is believed that worn out red cells are normally destroyed in the _______________________________ by ___________________________. a. splenic sinuses; neutrophils b. splenic cords; macrophages c. bone marrow; megakaryocytes d. bone marrow; mast cells e. live; hepatocytes

b. splenic cords; macrophages

Which of the following is composed of epithelioreticular cells? a. spleen b. thymus c. bone marrow d. lymph node e. none of the above

b. thymus

Which later in an artery is primarily smooth muscle? a. tunica intima b. tunica media c. tunica externa d. all of the above e. none of the above

b. tunia media

(See photo in answer, black line running down center of sarcomere is starred) Referring to the electron micrograph above which shows sarcomeres in its relaxed state: The star and the line mark: a. A band that contains mainly myosin filaments b. I band that contains only myosin filaments c. H band that contains only myosin filaments d. Z line that contains actin only filaments

c. H band that contains only myosin filaments

Which of the following are in the exocrine portions of the pancreas and liver? a. islets of Langerhans in pancreas, and hepatocytes in liver b. beta cells in pancreas and Kupffer cells in the liver c. acini in pancreas and hepatocytes in liver d. all of the above

c. acini in pancreas and hepatocytes in liver

A 55-year-old woman presents to the ER with acute onset of SOB. Her symptoms last for 2 days and have progressively worsened. She has been a smoker for ~20 years, smoking about 2 ppd. After performing a chest x-ray, and lung function tests, the Dr. establishes the dx of emphysema (the pathophysiologic mechanism of emphysema is the distraction of the alveoli, alveolar ducts and alveolar septum). Which of the following is NOT a component of the alveolar septum? a. endothelial cells b. type I pneumocytes c. goblet cells d. none of the above e. all of them are components of the alveolar system

c. goblet cells

Hirschsprung disease is a birth defect (congenital). It is an innervation disorder characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in myenteric (Auerbach) and submucosal (Meissner) plexus in the distal colon in its classical form. Where do you find the myenteric plexus? a. in the mucosa b. in the submucosa c. in the muscularis externa d. serosa e. adventitia

c. in the muscularis extrerna

All of the following are associated with cartilage tissue except: a. appositional growth b. perichondrium c. lamellae d. chondroitin sulfate e. interstitial growth

c. lamellae

What type of epithelium is derived from the endoderm? a. lining of the body cavities b. epidermis of the skin c. lining of the GI tract d. cutaneous glands e. all of them

c. lining of the GI tract

A 4-year-old boy with blue sclera and hypertensible joints was recently diagnosed with inherited deficiency of type I collagen. This patient is at higher risk for developing which of the following conditions later in life? a. multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders b. elastic artery aneurysm and rupture c. multiple bone fractures after minor trauma d. rupture of spleen

c. multiple fractures after minor trauma

The ___________________ is responsible for peristaltic movement in the GI tract. a. muscularis mucosa b. muscularis enterna c. muscularis externa d. skeletal muscle e. all of the above

c. muscularis externa

Smooth muscle cells of the uterus and myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland contract in response to secretion from the: a. adrenal cortex b. corpus luteum c. neurohypopysis d. parathyroid e. thyroid

c. neurohypopysis

The colloquialism "gray matter" refers to somebody using his intellect or reasoning ability. In reality, what is gray matter? a. meninges b. myelinated nerve fibers c. neuron cell bodies d. nodes of Ranvier e. neurofilaments

c. neuron cell bodies

Which of the following stain blue with H&E stain? a. cytoplasm b. collagen fibers c. nucleus d. elastic fibers e. decalcified bone matrix

c. nucleus

Oxytocin is secreted by the: a. somatotrophs b. lactotrophs c. posterior pituitary d. pineal e. gonadotrophs

c. posterior pituitary

Juxtaglomerular cells secret: a. urea b. antidiuretic hormone c. renin d. angiotensinogen e. aldosterone

c. renin

Where is the cerebrospinal fluid? a. between the dura matter and bone b. subdural space c. subarachnoid space d. between the pia matter and brain e. none of the above

c. subarachnoid space

Which of the following is NOT an encapsulated lymphatic organ? a. thymus b. spleen c. lymph node d. MALT

d. MALT

Lips are comprised of? a. thin slips of skeletal muscle b. thin skin c. non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium d. all of them e. non of them

d. all of them

Which of the following is devoid of hyaline cartilage? a.trachea b. bronchus c. larynx d. bronchiole e. none of the above

d. bronchiole

The most common cell in connective tissue proper is the: a. mast cell b. lymphocyte c. macrophage d. fibroblast

d. fibroblast

Which of the following features is NOT a characteristic of epithelium? a. is usually supported by a basement membrane b. little intercellular space c. high cellularity d. highly vascular e. b, c, and d are all incorrect

d. highly vascular

Keratinocytes do not produce: a. tonofilaments b. lamellar bodies c. desmosomes d. melanin e. all of the above

d. melanin

Osteoclasts arise from? a. osteocytes b. osteoblasts c. osteoclasts d. monocytes e. osteoprogenitor cells

d. monocytes

Several antibiotics that are administrated by intravenous infusion need reach their target tissue by crossing the endothelium of the blood vessels. They are usually transported across endothelial cells into specific target cells. Which of the following proteins prevents the movement of these drugs through the paracellular pathway between endothelial cells? a. integrins b. connexins c. E-cadherin d. occludins and caludins e. desmogelins

d. occludins and caludins

Nissl substance in nerve cell bodies is associated with: a. spread of stimulus b. synaptic junctions c. axons d. protein synthesis e. myelin formation

d. protein synthesis

Which type of epithelium, also called the respiratory epithelium, is found in the lower respiratory tract? a. simple squamous epithelium b. non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium c. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium d. pseudostratified columnar squamous epithelium e. cuboidal epithelium

d. pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Where are the splenic sinuses? a. malpighian corpuscle b. trabeculae c. white pulp d. red pulp e. cords of billroth

d. red pulp

All of the following are correct regarding cardiac muscle cells except: a. can be mononucleated or binucleated b. can be branched c. they have sarcomere d. they can divide

d. they can divide

Which of the following is NOT made of a framework of reticular fibers? a. bone marrow b. lymph node c. spleen d. thymus e. none of the above -- all are made of a framework of reticular fibers

d. thymus

The activity of osteoclasts is inhibited, decreasing blood calcium levels, by secretion from the: a. thyroid follicle b. adrenal cortex c. parathyroid d. thyroid parafollicular cells (C cells) e. neurohypophysis

d. thyroid parafollicular cells (C cells)

Which structure present in veins but not in arteries? a. tunica intima b. tunica media c. tunica adventitia d. valves e. vasa vasorum

d. valves

The dense bodies in smooth muscle cells are thought to be analogous to: a. lysosomes b. secretory vesicles c. t-tubues d. sarcoplasmis reticulum e. Z lines

e. Z lines

A basement membrane is found beneath which of the following epithelia? a. bowmans capsule b. proximal convoluted tubule c. distal convoluted tubule d. macula dense e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Cells specialized to secrete steroids typically contain: a. extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum b. numerous mitochondria with tubular cristae c. many lipid droplets d. well-developed golgi apparatus e. all of the above

e. all of the above

What are the proteins that make up a sarcomere? a. thick filaments consist mainly of myosin myofilaments b. thin filaments consist mainly of actin myofilaments c. proteins that stabilize the position of the myofilaments d. proteins that regulate interactions between the myofilaments e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen? a. destruction of red blood cells b. lymphocyte productions c. storage of blood d. fetal blood cell formation e. all of the above are functions of the spleen

e. all of the above are functions of the spleen

Which of the following is an element of the peripheral nervous system? a. receptors b. brachial plexus c. ganglia d. sciatic nerve e. all of them

e. all of them

Simple squamous epithelium lines the: a. nasal cavities b. crypts of pharyngeal tonsils c. bronchi d. trachea e. alveoli

e. alveoli

Cerebrospinal fluid is actively secreted by ependymal cells of the: a. arachnoid villi b. stria vascularis c. pia matter d. ciliary processes e. choroid plexus

e. choroid plexus

Goblet cells are must numerous in the mucosa of the __________________________. a. villi b. gastric glands c. crypts of Lieberkuhn (intestinal glands) in the ileum d. crypts of Lieberkuhn (intestinal glands) in the duodenum e. crypts of Lieberkuhn (intestinal glands) in the colon

e. crypts of Lieberkuhn (intestinal glands) in the colon

What do you call the random distribution of lymphocytes that are found in the respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract? a. lymph follicles b. white pulp c. peyers patches d. lymph nodes e. diffuse lymphatic tissue

e. diffuse lymphatic tissue

Which one of the following tissues is reduced in amount during termination of the growth of an individual? a. fibrocartilage b. elastic cartilage c. lamellar bone d. cancellous bone e. hyaline cartilage

e. hyaline cartilage

The largest cell typically present in bone marrow is the: a. reticulocyte b. fixed reticular cell c. myeloblast d. proerythroblast e. megakaryocyte

e. megakaryocyte

Blood platelets are products of: a. osteoclasts b. basophils c. red blood cells d. plasma cells e. megakaryocytes

e. megakaryocytes

The purkinje fibers are ___________________. a. collagen fibers b. nerve fibers c. modified smooth muscle cells d. modified skeletal muscle cells e. modified cardiac muscle cells

e. modified cardiac muscle cells

The permeability of renal collecting duct cells is increase by secretion from the: a. thyroid follicles b. adrenal cortex c. parathyroid d. thyroid parafollicular cells (C. cells) e. neurohypophysis

e. neurohypophysis

High blood calcium levels cause calcitonin release from which of the following cells? a. chief cells of the parathyroid b. interstitial cells (of Leydig) c. cells of the zona reticularis of the suprarenal gland d. pinealocytes e. parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland

e. parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland

Endothelium and mesothelium form cellular membranes which have the same histologic structure as: a. Stratified cuboidal epithelium b. simple columnar columnar epithelium c. simple cuboidal epithelium d. stratified squamous epithelium e. simple squamous epithelium

e. simple squamous epithelium

Vessels which form a counter-current exchange, to maintin an osmotic gradient established by long loops of Henle, are called: a. arcuate arteries b. afferent arterioles c. efferent arterioles d. peritubular capillaries e. vasa recta

e. vasa recta

Regarding the intercalated disc all of the following are true EXCEPT: a. it represents specialized cell-to-cell junctions b. it consists of short segments arranged in a step-like fashion c. macula adherens is one of the components d. gap junctions is one of the components e. zonula occludens is one of the components

e. zonula occludens is one of the components