HISTORY 100 Midterms
Herodotus
"Father of History" Histories - describe the deeds of men in the past posterities for future - take the testimonies, myth
Thucydides
"Father of Scientific History" "compilation of various works" -highlighted the importance of the systematic and impartial collection of evidence (essential prerequisite) - gave importance to "written records" - oral history - only reliable sources were 'eyewitnesses'
Juan de Plasencia
"Fray Juan de Plasencia" one of the Spanish Missionaries assigned in Luzon recorded his observation on this customs of the Tagalogs
Barangay
"In its origin was a family of parents and children, relations and slaves."
Datu
"It was inferred that the reason for giving themselves this name arose from the fact they came to this land, the head of the balangay which is a boat..."
KKK/Katipunan
"Kataastaasan Kagalanggalang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan" most important organization formed in the Philippine history; envisioned a unified Filipino nation revolting against the Spain
Emilio Jacinto
"Utak ng katipunan" (Brain of the Katipunan) and secretary, and took charge of printing press of KKK commander of the Katipunan in Northern Luzon, he was 22 years old; (April 15, 1897) Adviser to Supremo Bonifacio 18 years old when he joined KKK, law student at Universidad de Santo Tomas Died of Malaria at 24 years old in Magdalena, Laguna
Historiocal negationism
"denialism" falsification or distortion of the historical record.
Historical distortion
"historians always revise as new facts or data present themselves"
Humunu Island
"uninhabited island" first landing place of Ferdinand Magellan (modern-day Homonhon Island)
Las Islas de San Lazarus
(Zamal) Samar Island, named after the discovery on the feast day of St. Lazaro
History
- (RECORD): documented record of man and his society - (FIELD OF STUDY): a study of man and his achievements from the beginning of written records to the present time - everything happened or occurred from the beginning of the time to the last instance - (LITERATURE): effective presentation of the unfolding events
Historical revisionism
- refers to the "distortion of the past as accepted by a considerable segment of the population, especially to suit a personal or political agenda."
Secondary source
- source something written after the event, making use of primary source - Produced after the event took place Ex. published materials: (textbooks, encyclopedia, newspapers)
Primary source
- written, oral, physical evidence, visual electronics made by people who were at the historical events: (observers, eyewitness, and direct participants) - First hand information -Original source - Raw materials of history
Declaration of Philippine Independence
12 June 1898 Held in Kawit, Cavite where the first Philippine Flag was raised and the first national anthem sang
March 18-25
18 March 1521: Europeans make their first contact with Filipinos on Homonhon Island. 25 March 1521: Pigafetta falls overboard and is nearly drowned: 'I was aided not, I believe, indeed, through my merits, but through the mercy of that font of charity [the Virgin]' (336).
Mazzava/Mazaua
25-leagues from the Acquada, island with gold now known as "Limasawa" Island island-port where Ferdinand Magellan's fleet anchored from March 28-April 4, 1521.
George Dewey
A United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War, U.S. Asiatic Squadron commander who led the American attack on the Philippines annihilated the Spanish Pacific fleet at the Battle of Manila Bay in the Philippines, occurred on May 1, 1898
External criticism
AUTHENTICITY & ORIGINALITY - physical or biological establishment of AUTHENTICITY ensure documents are not mere forgeries or inventions
Pact of Biak-na-bato
Agreement proposed by Don Pedro A. Paterno with Don Emilio Aguinaldo as President of the Republic and accepted by Governor-General Don Fernando Primo De Rivera under terms to end the Philippine Revolution., both written and oral signed on December 15, 1897
20 Million USD
Amount of money that the U.S. paid to the Spain for buying the Philippines Americans occupied the country and resulted to Philippine-American war which lasted until the earliest year of 20th Century
Treaty of Paris
An agreement signed on December 10, 1898 between Spain and the United States of America, where the Philippines was sold to the U.S. at $20 million
1519-1521
August 10, 1519 - ships departed from Port Seville, the first circumnavigation of the globe March 16, 1521 - Magellan sighted the Zamal island (Samar) and named it as "Las Islas de San Lazarus" (Archipelago of St. Lazaro)
Ambrosio Bautista
Author of the "Act of the Declaration of the Philippine Independence" (Acta de la proclamación de la independencia del pueblo Filipino) designated to proclaim and solemnize this Declaration of Independence by the Dictatorial Government of the Philippines;
Antonio Pigafetta
Author of the book "First Voyage Around the World"
April 14, 1521 (Sunday)
Baptism and burning all of the idols Raia Humabon is baptized (and renamed Don Carlos) by the flagship's chaplain with all pomp and circumstance. Raia Colambu is also baptized and named Don Juan after the Infante (558-564). Magellan cures a sick elder, which leads to the burning of native idols (594-609).
Lumads
Bisayan term meaning "native" or "indigenous" people "born of the earth." Original inhabitants of Mindanao non-Muslim, non-Christian indigenous peoples of Mindanao
Cavite
Cavite Mutiny of January 1872, execution of the martyred priests Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora Cavite-Viejo, proclaimed and solemnized the Act of the Declaration of the Philippine Independence
Zula
Datu (chief) of Mactan, sent to Magellan one of his sons with two goats as present. Zula who had promised his service to the King of Spain was opposed by Datu Lapu-Lapu.
1494 Treaty of Tordesillas
Divides world newly explored by Christopher Columbus between Portugal and Spain; Pope's line of demarcation June 7, 1494
Emilio Aguinaldo
Don Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. First Philippine President
Andres Bonifacio
Father of the Katipunan (Philippine Revolution) He joined the La Liga Filipina founded by Rizal in 1892. He established the Katipunan which triggered the spirit of freedom especially when Rizal was banished to Dapitan, Mindanao.
Kasaysayan
Filipino word for "history" "saysay" meaning "importance"
Franciscan missionary
Fray Juan de Plasencia came together with the first batch of Franciscan missionaries in the Philippines. In the list of missionaries bound for the Philippine Islands which was dispatched from the Casa de la Contratacion of Seville, arrived in the Philippines on 2 July 1577.
Historia
Greek word which means "knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation"
King Charles II of Spain (King Charles V of Holy Roman Empire/ King Carlos II)
Holy Roman Emperor King of Spain who supported Magellan's Circumnavigation across the globe
Spanish American war
In April 1898, a war broke out over Spain's brutal suppression of a rebellion in Cuba.
Batis
In the study of Philippine History, sources are called "batis" which means "stream or spring" "Spring of Historical information" Usual batis: archival documents
White triangle
Katipunan "The white triangle represents the distinctive emblem of the famous Katipunan Society, which by means of its compact of blood urged on the masses of the people to insurrection."
1896 Philippine Revolution
Katipunan Movement
Raia Humabon
King of Zubu and later baptized as 'Don Carlos`
3 stars
Luzon, Panay, Mindanao "...the three stars represent the three principal islands of this Archipelago, Luzon, Mindanao, and Panay, in which this insurrectionary movement broke out..."
April 27, 1521
Magellan and sixty of his men in three longboats attack Raia Lapu Lapu and his forces on Mactan. They are driven back to the ships and Magellan is killed (696).
March 31, 1521
Magellan has Easter mass celebrated on Limasawa Island (400-8). First Mass in the Philippines
First Mass
Magellan invited Raia Colambu and Raia Siaui to a public Mass March 31, 1521
8 rays of Sun
Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Pampanga, Morong (modern-day province of Rizal), Laguna, Batangas, and Nueva Ecija "...its eight rays symbolizing the eight provinces of Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, and Batangas..."
Raia Colambo (Colambu)
Name of the First King King of Calagan
Raia Siaui
Name of the Second King King of Butuan
Zamal Island
Now known as "Samar"
Primo Viaggio Intorno al mondo
Original Title of the book "First Voyage Around the World"
Moros
People of Mindanao who adapted Islam Muslim Filipinos
"The watering place of good signs"
Pigafetta referred to Humunu (Homonhon) Island as "Watering place of good signs" because the place is abundant in gold
Cebu
Pigafetta referred to as Zubu
Internal criticism
RELIABILITY & CREDIBILITY - significance or meaning - establishment of ACCURACY evaluate the accuracy and worth of the data
April 7, 1521 (Sunday)
The fleet enters the port of Zubu (Cebu), where, following negotiations, merchandise is exchanged for provisions, and good relations are established (456-62).
10 December 1898
Treaty of Paris An agreement signed between Spain and the United States of America
1 May 1898
U.S. destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in the "Battle of Manila Bay." Then the American fleet blockaded the city and by the end of June, American land forces had started arriving in the Philippines.
Customs of the Tagalogs
Written in 1589. Spanish term is Relacion de las Costumbres de los Tagalogs Vividly describes the way of life of the Filipinos before the Spanish and Christian influenced
1589
Year when the "Customs of the Tagalog" was written
Baptism
a Christian sacrament signifying spiritual cleansing and rebirth
Reduccion
a system to "reduce" or to "re settle" the natives in central locations. technical term used in Spanish laws concerning the indies, referring to the congregating of natives in Pueblos. Work for the Friars Based on the medieval idea of unity of God, the unity of mankind and society, the concept of order and hierarchy. "ecclesio-centric" bajo de la campana: church in the center
Red, Blue, White
commemorate US Flag "...and the colos of blue, red, and white, commemorate those of the flag of the United States of North America..."
Alipin namamahay
commoner slave Cannot be SOLD, only can be transferred (translated as "Servant who is housed") refers to Alipin that have their own houses, which is usually built on the property of their masters.
Sun
gigantic step "... the sun represents the gigantic strides that have been made by the sons of this land on the road of progress and civilization;"
Pseudo-history
inevitably takes the role of subverting truths "outside the History profession" - professional training RHETORICS - art of deceiving
Alipin saguiguilir (saguiguilid)
serfs Could be SOLD (translated as "Servant in the corners [of the master's house]") refers to unmarried Alipin without a house and whose existence is completely dependent and insufficiently undesirable on the graces of their masters.
Maharlica
the nobles; freeborn; does not pay taxes or tributes to the dato
Indios
the spanish term for native indigenous Filipinos in all the Spanish American and Asian possessions, who for the most part held the lowest-ranked social status
Kartilya
word adopted from the Spanish "cartilla," which at the time means "primer" for grade school student consisted of 14 teachings and members are expected to follow — Katipunan's Code of Conduct "Manga Aral Nang Katipunan ng mga A.N.B." written by Emilio Jacinto in 1896
