History 1/18/22

Chandragupta Maurya defeated Seleucus, one of Alexander the Great's generals. By 303 B.C., the Mauryan Empire stretched more than 2,000 miles, uniting north India politically for the first time. Kautilya wrote a ruler's handbook called the Arthasastra (AHR•thuh• SHAHS•truh). This book proposed tough minded policies to hold an empire together. To clothe, feed, and pay these troops, the government levied high taxes. For example, farmers had to pay up to one-half the value of their crops to the king. He used authoritarianism.

Battle of Kalinga Kalinga was an important kingdom because it controlled the trade routes with Southeast Asia. Because of this, Ashoka, the Mauryan king, wanted to capture it. Therefore, he led his huge army to Kalinga in 262 BCE. There was a huge loss of man and material due to the war of Kalinga. 150,000 soldiers were taken as prisoners by Asoka, 100,000 were slain, and many others died later because of their injuries.

These are three original Hindu gods.

Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu

As a member of the Kshatriya caste, you chose to lie and steal. You mostly are not going to become ______________

Brahmin, Kshatriya, or break from the chain of reincarnations:

Who was Chandragupta Maurya? What was he known for?

Chandragupta was the founder of the Mauryan dynasty. Chandragupta defeated and conquered both the Nanda Empire, and the Greek satraps that were formed from Alexander's Empire. Chandragupta Maurya also defeated (Seleucus) one of Alexander the Great's generals and over time, the Mauryan Empire stretched more than 2,000 miles, In the end, this helped lead him to unite most of north India politically for the first time.

What methods and techniques did Chandragupta Maurya use as a leader?

Chandragupta's strategy was to attack the borders first, then the capital city when it came to conquering. he set up a vast centralized empire, details of whose functioning, society, military, and economy. to control his empire, He divided the empire into 4 regions. Then, he split the regions into provinces. In the villages that the provinces contained, officials carried out Chandragupta's orders.

After the Battle of Kalinga, how did Ashoka change his methods? He embraced 'ahimsa' or non-violence The Kalinga War prompted Ashoka, to devote the rest of his life to ahimsa ie. non-violence and ended further military expansion of the empire. The next era of his rule was filled with harmony, prosperity and peace. In Ashoka's own description of this transition, he states: Now that the Kalingas have been conquered, the empire shall be devoted to the intense practice of the Dharma, especially among the people.

Changing the political and religious identity of India Expansion- righteousness Changed the Brahmin offerings and ceremonies: Very expensive and pretentious Opposed animal slaughter- wanted Brahmin to have peaceful public events Establish a moral policy: Construction of rest houses, wells along the road every half mile, hospitals, and planting of trees. Entrusted officials to oversee poor and needy. Controversial edict ordered by Ashoka was that people should honor men of all faiths. Brahmin priests were against this edict.

The eternal and inherent nature of reality, regarded in Hinduism as a cosmic law underlying right behavior and social order.

Dharma

The following deed or act has to do with God's cosmic law of cause and effect.

Karma

When a person understands the relationship between atman and Brahman, that person achieves perfect understanding or ___________.

Moksha

Spreading views Ashoka kept Maurya's large and powerful army to maintain public order and expanded friendly relations with states across Asia and Europe through Buddhist missionary campaigns. He constructed stupas, Buddhist religious structures, across the empire, Ashoka delegated moral ministers to remote lands to promote his own version of righteousness.

Political influence While Ashoka's dharma had much in common with the conduct that the Buddha preached, it was mostly his own invention -- a way of requiring the state to instill a higher morality. He made attempts to unite, the multi-religious, multicultural subjects of his vast empire. He did not abolish capital punishment, or reduce his army. In fact, he instituted a new centralized bureaucracy, dharma-mahamatras ("officers of dharma"), to supervise his Buddhist reforms.

The Aryans are credited for bringing this language to the Indian subcontinent.

Sanskrit

He eventually became Buddha.

Siddhartha Gautama

The caste system or Varna placed these restrictions on people.

Social mobility, mariage, dining.

What were some scientific advances?

They detected eclipses of the sun and moon. Arybhata was one of the most famous scientists in the Gupta Empire: He determined that Earth rotates on an axis and revolves around the sun.

Identify another mathematical achievement

They developed the idea of zero, and explained the concept of infinity, and set of rules mathematical algorithms.

Indian named Aryabhata (AHR•yuh•BUHT•uh) calculated the value of __________ to 4 decimal points.

WHAT IS pi (π) ?

Buddha opposed the following parts of Hinduism

WHAT are Hindu gods, the privileges of the Brahmins, and the caste system?

Public works, prohibitions, human relations, religious tolerance welfare, and justice are all example of Ashoka's _________.

WHAT are edicts or laws?

Emperor Ashoka had 33 of these monuments erected with inscriptions of his edicts.

WHAT are stone pillars or stelae?

During this bloody battle, Emperor Ashoka and his troops killed 100,000 soldiers.

What is the Battle of Kalinga?

Prior to the Gupta empire being formed, these outsiders arrived on India's west coast with goods, customs and sailing technologies that India later emulated.

Who are the Greeks, Romans, and Persians?

He was the emperor of the Gupta Empire during its golden age.

Who is Chandra Gupta II ?

This Mauryan general and political leader defeated one of Alexander the Great's generals which helped unite north India politically for the first time.

Who is Chandragupta Maurya?

He wrote a ruler's handbook called the Arthasastra (AHR•thuh• SHAHS•truh). This book proposed tough minded policies to hold an empire together.

Who is Kautilya?

Moksha in Hinduism and Nirvana in Buddhism have this common belief.

a perfect state of understanding and a break from the chain of reincarnations

order of caste system

brahmins (priestly, academic class) Kshatriyas (rulers, administrators, warriors) Vaishyas (artisans, merchants, tradesmen farmers) Shudras (manual laborers) Dalits (street cleaners, menial tasks)

Buddha believed that humans need to overcome these faults.

desires, selfishness, materialism, and attachment

This group of people were discriminated right away by the Aryan people.

the Dasas

Buddha believed that Dharma is the universal truth or law that can be following by observing these practices.

the Eightfold Path

This sacred literature included prayers, magical spells, and instructions for performing rituals. The most important of the collections is the Rig Veda.

the Vedas