History 122 Study Guide 4
4. In contrast to the expansion of the 1890s, U.S. interests in Alaska originated in a desire for: A. territory. B. religious conversion. C. petroleum resources. D. the fur trade. E. salmon.
A
30. Supporters of the Anti-Imperialist League: A. wanted to civilize "savage" peoples. B. argued in favor of "benevolent" imperialism. C. maintained that Filipinos were entitled to U.S. citizenship. D. argued that Puerto Ricans were entitled to U.S. citizenship. E. believed that American energies should be directed at home, not abroad.
E
28. Which of the following stated that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories recently acquired by the United States? A. Teller Amendment B. Insular Cases C. Platt Amendment D. Plessy v. Ferguson E. Chinese Exclusion Act
B
27. The "white man's burden": A. refers to the horrors of lynching. B. refers to the failure of Reconstruction. C. was a term coined by Mark Twain. D. comes from a poem by Rudyard Kipling. E. comes from a speech by Booker T. Washington.
D
35. U.S. control of the Panama Canal Zone: A. was welcomed by the Colombians. B. lasted only until 1914. C. was deemed inappropriate by most Americans. D. was part of Theodore Roosevelt's policy of intervention in Central America. E. was part of Woodrow Wilson's policy of intervention in Central America.
D
1. After the 1890s, American expansionism: A. was limited to North America. B. was partly fueled by the need to stimulate American exports. C. was welcomed by the majority of Hawaiians. D. discouraged patriotism. E. was denounced by writers such as Josiah Strong and Alfred T. Mahan.
B
22. The Philippine War: A. resulted in Filipino independence. B. was far longer and bloodier than the Spanish-American War. C. was little debated at the time. D. was part of the American effort to liberate the Philippines. E. is well remembered today.
B
29. In the Insular Cases, the Supreme Court: A. determined that Puerto Ricans and Filipinos would become U.S. citizens in 1904. B. held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories acquired by the United States during the Spanish-American War. C. determined that Puerto Ricans and Filipinos were entitled to the same rights as U.S. citizens. D. held that the annexation of the Philippines violated the Fourteenth Amendment. E. ruled that the Foraker Act of 1900, which declared Puerto Rico an "insular territory," was unconstitutional.
B
3. American territorial expansionism: A. began in 1890. B. was a feature of American life since well before independence. C. began with the Spanish- American War. D. began with the war in the Philippines. E. began with the Monroe Doctrine.
B
32. America's empire in the early twentieth century was all of the following EXCEPT: A. economic. B. territorial. C. cultural. D. intellectual. E. commercial.
B
39. Woodrow Wilson's moral imperialism in Latin America produced: A. eight years of unprecedented stability in the region. B. more military interventions than any other president before or since. C. economic growth and diversity for the region. D. very little to show for the policy, as his attention was mostly on Europe. E. strong allies for the United States in World War I, especially Mexico.
B
8. Captain Alfred T. Mahan argued that the nation's economic well-being depended on A. a commitment to educational excellence. B. the building of an efficient navy to protect American shipping. C. doubling the size of the United States Army. D. the spread of democratic principles throughout the world.
B
24. All of the following statements about Emilio Aguinaldo are true EXCEPT: A. Aguinaldo led the Filipino armed struggle for independence against Spain. B. Aguinaldo led the Filipinos in the war against the United States. C. Aguinaldo believed that Filipinos could only govern themselves with U.S. assistance. D. Aguinaldo opposed American imperialism. E. Aguinaldo argued that the United States was betraying its own values by annexing the Philippines.
C
25. The Boxer Rebellion against foreign presence in China A. drove the imperialist powers out of China. B. led the major powers officially to approve the Open Door policy. C. led the imperialist nations, including the United States, to send troops to China. D. brought the United States and Japan to the verge of war because of American support for the nationalist Chinese rebels
C
26. The primary intent of the Open Door notes of 1899 and 1900 was to A. institute an educational exchange program with China. B. further the work of Christian missionaries in China. C. protect American commercial interests in China. D. increase naval strength in the Far East.
C
38. Dollar Diplomacy: A. characterizes the foreign policy of Theodore Roosevelt. B. was put in place by Woodrow Wilson regarding Mexico. C. was used by William Howard Taft instead of military intervention. D. was seldom used and never successfully. E. was applied only in Asia.
C
42. Assess the effectiveness of President Woodrow Wilson's response to Mexico's Civil War. A. While the United States was able to bring peace to the region, it also undermined the democratic process. B. In his zealous attempt to remove the dictator Porfirio Diaz, Wilson ended up destabilizing all of Central America. C. Wilson's attempts to teach Mexican people how to select good men only led to the war spilling over into the United States. D. President Wilson's efforts to support the popular leader "Pancho" Villa resulted in 10,000 troops added to the fighting between the troops of Huerta and Madero. E. If General John Pershing had not undermined the military operation with his own corruption, Wilson's response to Villa would have been very effective.
C
18. Which of the following was the reason for U.S. control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines? A. The search for raw materials. B. The desire to unravel European empires C. Exclusive access to consumer markets in these territories. D. Control of strategic gateways from which to project American naval and commercial power. E. These islands harbored a growing number of exiled labor radicals.
D
34. Theodore Roosevelt's taking of the Panama Canal Zone is an example of: A. his ability to speak softly in diplomatic situations when he knew he was outgunned. B. international Progressivism— the United States was intervening with the sole purpose to uplift the peoples of Central America. C. liberal internationalism, since he worked closely with the French to work out a deal favorable to Panama. D. his belief that civilized nations had an obligation to establish order in an unruly world. E. one of the many wars in which Roosevelt involved the United States.
D
6. Which of the following was a consequence of race-based explanations for expansion by United States leaders? A. Such explanations led American leaders to study other societies and cultures so that they could create a world community of nations based on mutual respect and cooperation. B. Such explanations led United States policymakers to make unwise concessions to some nations because they were considered to be weak and inferior and in need of aid. C. Such explanations hampered the development of a modern navy because they led United States leaders to believe that God would always protect Americans. D. Such explanations justified domination and war, and thus downplayed the usefulness of diplomacy
D
9. The annexation of the Hawaiian Islands was preceded by A. a request for such action by Queen Lili'uokalani. B. the discovery by the State Department that Japan was planning to annex the islands. C. a revolution in which all foreign business interests were forced out of the islands. D. the seizure of Hawaii's government, which was plotted by American sugar growers and carried out with the assistance of American troops.
D
23. President William McKinley justified U.S. annexation of the Philippines on all of the following grounds EXCEPT: A. the United States needed to civilize Filipinos. B. the United States needed the islands for business and trade. C. the United States believed the Filipinos were not ready for self- government. D. the United States needed to Christianize the Filipinos. E. the United States needed to ensure that the Philippines became an in de pen dent democracy.
E
33. Between 1901 and 1920, the United States intervened militarily numerous times in Caribbean countries: A. in order to gain territory for the United States. B. in order to spread liberty and freedom in the region. C. because the democratic leaders of the region asked the United States for aid in suppressing rebellions. D. in order to fight European powers who sought to establish colonies in the area. E. in order to protect the economic interests of American banks and companies.
E
40. As president, Woodrow Wilson: A. pledged to continue Dollar Diplomacy. B. emphasized the profit aspect of foreign trade. C. never resorted to military intervention abroad. D. pledged to stay out of Latin America and kept his word. E. believed that the export of U.S. manufactured goods went hand in hand with the spread of democracy.
E
12. Which statement about the Spanish-American War is TRUE? A. The war lasted only four months and resulted in less than 400 U.S. battle casualties. B. Congress indicated that it was going to war to annex Cuba. C. The war came as little surprise given the fact that William McKinley campaigned in 1896 on a platform favoring imperial expansion. D. Admiral Dewey secured Manila Bay by defeating the Spanish in a bloody three-day battle. E. The treaty that ended the war granted U.S. citizenship to the peoples of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
A
31. During the age of empire, American racial attitudes: A. had a global impact. B. inspired Canada to grant Chinese immigrants equal rights. C. inspired Australians to grant suffrage to native peoples. D. influenced South Africans' decision to abandon apartheid. E. had a limited impact.
A
36. The Roosevelt Corollary: A. claimed the right of the United States to act as a police power in the Western Hemisphere. B. claimed the right of the United States to act as a police power in Asia. C. claimed the right of the United States to act as a police power in Africa. D. was also known as Dollar Diplomacy. E. contradicted the Monroe Doctrine.
A
7. Those who advocated the acquisition of an American empire in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century espoused which of the following ideas? A. When the United States intervenes and remakes the societies of weaker nations, it is extending the benefits of liberty and prosperity to less fortunate people. B. Because the American empire will be built by peaceful means, there is no need for expansion of the navy. C. American involvement in other lands will be confined to the sharing of American technology and will be initiated only at the request of foreign peoples. D. In acquiring colonies abroad, the United States must allow the peoples of those lands to shape their own economic and political destiny.
A
14. Had the Teller Amendment been applied to the Philippines and Cuba, how would it have changed the Spanish-American War? A. Cuba would have become an associated territory as well. B. The United States would have never fought the Spanish navy at Manila. C. The Filipino nationalist movement would not have emerged. D. The United States would have been barred from annexing the Philippines. E. The United States would have benefitted from German weapons imports.
D
41. From 1914 to 1916, U.S. intervention in Mexico: A. was welcomed by the Mexican people. B. led to the U.S. takeover of Mexico. C. liberated Mexico from Spain. D. demonstrated the weaknesses of Wilson's foreign policy. E. demonstrated that the United States could successfully use force to reorder the affairs of nations
D
5. During the 1890s, leaders who favored economic expansion but not the annexation of overseas territory A. became more vocal and began to dominate government decision making. B. lost ground to those who advocated imperialism. C. completely abandoned their position in the aftermath of the Spanish-American-CubanFilipino War. D. came to be concentrated almost exclusively in the Republican party.
B
13. The Teller Amendment stated that: A. the United States would annex the Philippines. B. Cuba was to be a protectorate of the United States. C. the United States would not annex Cuba. D. Puerto Rico was to become a territory of the United States. E. the United States would not annex the Philippines.
C
15. The Spanish-American War: A. lasted several years. B. was a victory for Spain. C. brought the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico under U.S. control. D. resulted in thousands of U.S. combat deaths. E. ended American expansionism.
C
17. Most American deaths in the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War were caused by A. combat wounds. B. tainted food. C. disease. D. heat stroke.
C
19. In 1899, President William McKinley explained in an interview with Methodist Church leaders that his decision to annex the Philippines: A. was an easy foreign-policy decision. B. was dishonorable and undermined U.S. democracy. C. was in part based on his desire to educate and uplift the Filipinos. D. was bad for U.S. business interests. E. was part of his plan to grant Filipinos U.S. citizenship.
C
2. The leaders who guided American foreign relations between 1865 and 1914 A. failed to recognize the relationship between expansion and economic growth. B. allowed foreign policy to be shaped almost exclusively by public opinion. C. believed that exertion of American influence abroad would help maintain prosperity at home. D. rejected the concept of power politics, advancing instead the idea that all nations are equals in the world community
C
10. Journalists who worked for newspapers like William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal, which sensationalized events to sell papers, were called: A. yellow journalists. B. trustees. C. social reformers. D. muckrakers. E. freelancers.
A
11. As a consequence of the sinking of the Maine, A. Congress authorized President McKinley's request for $50 million in defense funds. B. Spain agreed to allow the United States to arbitrate the dispute between Cuban insurgents and the Spanish government. C. Cuban terrorists bombed the Spanish embassy in Washington, D.C. D. Enrique Dupuy de Lôme publicly belittled President McKinley.
A
16. Which of the following is true of both the Venezuelan crisis and the Cuban crisis? A. In both instances, the United States insisted that it would set the rules of conduct in the Western Hemisphere. B. Both situations indicated a willingness on the part of European powers to back down in the face of American might. C. Both situations contributed to a general deterioration of American relations with the European powers. D. In both instances, the United States waged war without a congressional decision to do so.
A
20. Why did Americans celebrate the Spanish-American War? A. Americans had long wished for a colonial empire that included the Philippines. B. Americans had harbored deep resentments against Cuba ever since the MexicanAmerican War. C. A military victory against the world's most powerful military in the world at the time— Spain— was a source of much national pride. D. Americans experienced the war as an occasion for national reconciliation between North and South. E. Americans were eager to punish Spain for its loyalty to the Confederacy during the Civil War.
D
21. The Platt Amendment: A. recognized Cuban autonomy. B. granted independence to Puerto Rico. C. limited the U.S. presence in the Philippines. D. authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba. E. declared Cuba a colony of the United States.
D
37. Which of the following assessments of the Roosevelt Corollary is accurate? A. It represented a vow to defend the Western Hemisphere against European intervention. B. It signaled to Japan that the United States was the predominant military power in the Pacific. C. It was a warning to Central and South American nations to accept a colony-like status vis-à-vis the United States. D. It held that the United States had the right to exercise an international police power. E. The Roosevelt Corollary strongly limited the sovereignty of Canada
D
