History 172 Quiz 2 Study Questions
What cemented the loyalty of poor whites in the Chesapeake to the planter elite by the late seventeenth century?
Black slavery
The term used to describe the reciprocal transfer of plants, animals, and humans between the Old and New World is the
"Columbian Exchange"
The crop most associated with colonial Virginia was
Tobacco
Between 1700 and 1850, the transatlantic slave trade primarily imported African slaves to
the Caribbean islands and Brazil
What is an example of "weapons of the weak"?
A slave pretending to be stupid
Compared with slaves in the low country, those of Virginia and other areas around Chesapeake Bay were _______ densely concentrated and had _______ contact with whites.
Less; more
What was an important African commodity?
Pepper
Which two states had large low-country plantations on which slaves typically had infrequent contact with whites?
South Carolina; Georgia
How did the growth of slave trade affect African society?
The growing slave trade led to the organization of new political states in Africa; the slave trade affected Africans living in the interior as well as those living in coastal areas
The mines in the Spanish New World were worked
by black slaves, white workers, and Indians.
What was the first continent to experience Europe's expansionist activities?
Africa
Who controlled sub-Saharan African trade routes in the fifteenth century?
African kingdoms
Portugal could not colonize the African continent because Africa's kingdoms were highly organized and its
Diseases ravaged settlers
By the 1660's, the problem in the Chesapeake region was
Dropping tobacco prices
What characterized planters' lives in the British West Indies after sugar cultivation began?
Fear of servant mutinies and slave rebellions; lack of land for planters' sons to establish their own farms; a population in which Africans greatly outnumbered English
How did sugar production spread amount the Caribbean islands?
Sugar cultivation began in Barbados under the Dutch and later spread to French and English islands
How did Chesapeake leaders before the mid-1700s encourage unity among whites of various classes?
Granting most white males the right to vote
By the mid-eighteenth century, slavery populations increased because
Natural reproduction increased
What marked Chesapeake society after 1690?
Sharing of power between Catholic and Protestant in Maryland; and political cooperation between new arrivals and existing leaders in Virginia
Why did planters in the Chesapeake begin to invest more heavily in slaves than in servants in 1680?
Slabs owners held title to the children born to slaves; the investment value of slaves rose as death rates dropped; the number of available white servants was decreasing
Under the task system of organizing space labor,
Slaves could engage in individual pursuits once an assigned task was completed
When the Portuguese explorers reached the Atlantic coast of central and Southern Africa, they found
Strong African kingdoms
What laws did England pass in the 1660s and 1670s to regulate the shipping and marketing of colonial goods?
The Navigation Acts
The Middle Passage Resulted in:
The death of 15 out of every 85 Africans during the journey and the nightmarish conditions for the black men, women, and children who were squeezed into the ships
What effects did the Navigation Acts have on the Chesapeake?
They created crushing debt for many tobacco planters
How did new laws adopted in the late seventeenth century affect race relations in the Chesapeake?
They made sexual relations between whites and blacks illegal
Why didn't Portuguese colonize West Africa before the nineteenth century?
Tyere were too many people living there to easily conquer; Malaria killed a large number of Portuguese settlers; West African powers were well organized and protected their land
