History 2.2
English Navy vs. Spanish fleet
England-not as powerful as Spain's, but had speedy boats with skillful sailors called sea dogs. Spain-large powerful fleet, with slower, bulky ships called galleons.
Where did the Dutch and French set up their first American colonies?
French- Quebec, Canada called "New France" Dutch- New Netherland in present day New York
Why do you think that England founded colonies later than Spain did?
The English government refused to provide money to start colonies. Instead private citizens had to provide the money for colonization. As a result, England did not establish a successful colony in America until after 1600.
What were the English, Dutch and French searching for in their early voyages of exploration?
a Northwest Passage, a water route through North America to Asia.
Spanish Armada
"Invincible" group of 130 ships sent by King Philip II of Spain (enraged by the attacks of the sea dogs) to invade England in 1588; Armada was defeated by smaller, more maneuverable English "sea dogs" in the Channel; marked the beginning of English naval dominance and fall of Spanish dominance.
John Cabot
-1497, Italian navigator and one of the first explorers to chart a Northern route across the Atlantic in search of Asia, sailed for England looking for Northwest Passage to Asia, he was certain he had reached Asia, claimed the land Newfoundland for England. -his voyages were the basis for future English colonies along North America's Atlantic shore.
Giovanni da Verrazzano
-1524, italian explorer, sailed for the French to find the Northwest Passage, explored Atlantic coast, but did not find route.
Jacques Cartier
-1534/1536, Explored Canada for France looking for the NW passage, hopes of finding an all-water route to Asia, traveled up the St. Lawrence River to Montreal, where he was blocked by rapids -Cartier's voyages established France's claims to North America.
New France
-A fur-trading post established in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, that became the first permanent French settlement in North America. -traded with local Native Americans
Henry Hudson
-An Englishman in the service of the Netherlands who, in 1609, sailed west in search of a northwest sea route to Asia (specifically China). Even though he didn't find a route, he sailed up what is now called the Hudson River, his voyages led to the establishment of Dutch colonies in North America. -1610, he sailed for England, and discovered what is now called the Hudson Bay, in Canada. -Crew rebelled & set him adrift, never seen
How did the European nations compete for power?
-Competed for control over territory in Americas. -Searched for Northwest passage for trade. England- Cabot, Hudson France- Giovanni da Verrazzano, Cartier, de Champlain Netherlands- Hudson Spain- Spanish Armada
Samuel de Champlain
-French explorer whose energy and leadership earned him the title "Father of New France". He sailed up St Lawrence River, and founded first fur trading post in Quebec, Canada in 1608.
St. Augustine
-Important outpost for Spain, in Florida. -oldest permanent European settlement in U.S.
Sir Francis Drake
-Most famous of the sea dogs because of his bold attacks against the Spanish -Drake and his men were the first Englishmen to sail around the world.
How did Spain respond to competition?
-Spain responded with battles in the Americas. -Fought against French Huguenots in Florida, and massacred the French -Later fought against England in the English Channel and lost.
What were the two important effects of the English victory over the Spanish Armada?
1) England remained independent and Protestant (showed it could defend itself) 2) Spain's image suffered (Spain could be beaten!) and other nations began to challenge Spain
Huguenots
1564, group of French Protestants that set up Fort Caroline in Florida, were massacred by the Spanish
