HISTORY 26

Which of the following statements about the attack on Pearl Harbor is NOT true?

A specific attack on Pearl Harbor had been long expected by American officials.

The use of atomic bombs against Japan had what significance?

According to military planners, it saved an estimated 250,000 Allied casualties and even more Japanese losses.

What did the governments of Italy and Germany have in common by the 1930s?

Both had established fascist forms of government.

The Marco Polo Bridge incident brought Japan to war against what country?

China

Which of the following statements about the 1940 presidential election is true?

Franklin Roosevelt became the only president to run for and win a third term.

In the presidential election of 1944:

Franklin Roosevelt won a fourth term as president

In early 1942, the biggest challenge the United States faced in the Atlantic was:

German submarine warfare

Following the Pearl Harbor attack:

Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States

All of the following statements about the German blitzkrieg of spring 1940 are true, EXCEPT:

Germany carefully avoided attacks on neutral nations and only targeted professed enemies

The German occupation of Czechoslovakia had what effect on Roosevelt?

He no longer professed impartiality in the impending European struggle.

During the Spanish Civil War:

Hitler and Mussolini helped the armed uprising led by Francisco Franco

Which statement best describes the Native American experience in the armed forces during World War II?

Indian servicemen were integrated into regular units.

The passage of the lend-lease bill in 1941 signaled what about American opinion?

Isolationist strength was weakening.

Winston Churchill, who would become the British prime minister in 1940, described which agreement as "a defeat without a war"?

Munich Pact

Germany's invasion of what country triggered the beginning of World War II in Europe?

Poland

Less than a month before the surrender of Germany:

President Roosevelt died in office

Which agency was created to direct industrial conversion to war production?

War Production Board

Franklin Roosevelt's opponent in the 1940 presidential election was:

Wendell Willkie

From late 1941 into early 1942, World War II in the Pacific included:

a succession of Japanese victories that saw numerous Allied outposts fall

The bracero program:

brought some 200,000 Mexican farmworkers into the western United States

Following the defeat of Germany:

came the shocking realization of the full extent of the Holocaust

The offensives Italy launched in 1940 against Greece and British forces in Egypt:

came with the help of German forces

Through the lend-lease bill, passed in March 1934, "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States":

could receive military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials even if that country lacked the funds to pay for those items

The Potsdam Declaration:

demanded that Japan surrender or face "prompt and utter destruction"

In late summer 1940, President Roosevelt agreed to send fifty "overaged" destroyers to Britain in return for:

for allowing the U.S. to build naval and air bases on British islands in the Caribbean

The Neutrality Act of 1935:

forbade the sale of arms and munitions to warring nations

President Roosevelt did not intervene in the Spanish Civil War because:

he accepted the French and British position that the western democracies should not intervene

"War relocation camps":

housed over 112,000 Japanese Americans during the war

British and American differences over where to attack Germany first were resolved with the decision to launch an offensive:

in North Africa

American foreign policy in Latin America in the period between world wars included all the following EXCEPT:

insisting that the Monroe Doctrine provided a valid justification for intervention

In June 1941, Germany widened the war by:

invading the Soviet Union

The Nye committee:

investigated and criticized the role that bankers and munitions makers played in America's entry into World War I

Following the declaration of war:

men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted

The Great Depression and the economic struggles it caused during the early 1930s generally made Americans:

more isolationist in sentiment

The 1939 Neutrality Act's cash-and-carry provision:

permitted the United States to sell arms to Britain and France if they paid up-front and carried their purchases on their own ships

During the summer of 1941, the United States attempted to restrain Japanese expansion by:

restricting oil exports to Japan and freezing Japanese assets in the United States

In 1940, the Battle of Britain:

saw the British turn back a massive German air attack and force Germany to postpone its invasion plans

The Office of Price Administration:

set price ceilings on and rationed highly demanded items such as tires, sugar, and gasoline

America's Good Neighbor policy:

supported the idea of nonintervention in Latin America

Members of the America First Committee were likely to be all of the following, EXCEPT:

supporters of Roosevelt's foreign policy

The country that suffered the most deaths in the fighting of World War II was:

the Soviet Union

Which of the following countries was NOT an Axis power by June 1941?

the Soviet Union

By the autumn of 1941:

the U.S. Navy was engaging the German Navy in the Atlantic

Following the conclusion of World War II, the two most powerful nations in the world were:

the United States and the Soviet Union

At the Battle of the Bulge:

the destruction of Germany's last reserve units left open the door to Germany's heartland from the west

The Atlantic Charter included all the following principles EXCEPT:

the elimination of communism

What significant objective motivated Japanese expansion into Southeast Asia and the Pacific during 1940-1941?

the expansion's provision of access to vitally needed oil, rubber, and other strategic materials

The Panay incident:

was a Japanese attack on an American ship in China

The Atlantic Charter:

was a joint British-American statement of anti-Axis war aims

By November 1941, the United States insisted it would reopen trade with Japan only after that country:

withdrew completely from China