History 3.*

What was the chief goal of the Congress of Vienna?

They wanted to restore stability and order n Europe. The goal of the decision makers was to create a lasting peace by establishing a balance of power and protecting monarchy.

What were some of the reforms Napoleon introduced?

Controlled prices, encouraged new industry, built roads and canals, set up public school system. Napoleon backed off old reforms by making peace with the Catholic Church in the Concordat of 1801. Encouraged emigres to come back as long as they took an oath to loyalty. Napoleon also opened jobs to all based on talent. Napoleon also created the Napoleonic Code which embodied the Enlightenment principles (equality of all citizens before law, religious toleration, abolition of feudalism)

Why might some of the French have resisted a return to a monarch?

French revolutionists fought against returning to a monarchy because it went against the Enlightenment ideas and everything they fought for during the French Revolution.

How did Napoleon come to dominate most of Europe by 1812?

Napoleon cared little for the death of his men and more for combing Europe's greatest powers. He developed plans that opposing generals would never expect. He also redrew the world map, giving himself the most land. He also had a technique in where he would place his close family and friends on the thrones of Europe.

What political views did Napoleon spread in Europe that angered the monarchs?

Napoleon created a code of laws called the Napoleonic Code that brought equality to all which angered the monarchs. It considered religious toleration and abolished feudalism. He also made jobs open for everyone and hired people solely on talent.

In what way did Napoleons actions doom his dream of creating a French Empire in Europe?

Napoleon forced laws upon the whole of Europe which most did not agree with. The European countries disliked the Continental System and Napoleon's idea to force French culture upon all of them. When Napoleon tried to undermine the Spanish Catholic Church but the Spaniards stay loyal and resisted the French invaders. This sparked revolts in Austria who sought revenge for the Battle of Austerlitz. Then when Napoleon tried to invade Russia it started a decline to the French empire he desired to build.

How did Napoleon rise to power so quickly?

Napoleon was a lieutenant that quickly rose in the army because he led several victories against the Austrians and drove out the British from the port of Toulon. He then became a political leader and overthrew the Directory and set up the Consulate, where he became the First Consul. With all of his admirers he was able to crown himself Emperor of France.

Compare and contrast the goals of Prince Clemins von Metternich of Austria and Britain's Lord Castlereigh during the Congress of Vienna?

Prince Clemens von Metternich wished to make things as they were in 1792 by restoring peace by balancing power and promoted legitimacy. Lord Castlereagh wanted to prevent French gaining power again. To do this he would spark feuds between two leaders so they would accept France as an equal. They both wanted to help balance power but one did this by being crafty and taking it to his own hands while the other made a larger impact by using the help of other powers.

In what way was the Continental System an act of economic warfare? Why did it fail?

The Continental System was considered economic warfare because Napoleon used it to damage Britain's commerce because it was the center of Britain. This strategy failed because although most of the ports were closed off from Britain they kept the most important route open, their route from the Americas to India.

Why were the French so eager for Napoleon to return to France after his escape from Elba?

The French feared that the transition of Louis XVIII and the economic depression would return France to the old regime.

What led to Napoleon's disaster in Russia?

The Russians burned their crops and homes as they retreated to avoid war so the French would not be able to use it. This led the French to be cold and hungry during the brutal winter leading them to retreat back to Paris.