History 4.2

How would you characterize Thomas Jefferson's ideas on race and slavery?

Although he owned hundreds of slaves in his lifetime and fathered several children with his slave Sally Hemings, Jefferson opposed slavery. He argued that the institution should be abolished and slaves returned to Africa, believing that blacks and whites could not live together in a free society without the result of a race war.

During the Revolutionary War, why were revolutionary states (former colonies) unable to provide the funds requested by Congress, which thrust the national debt into the tens of millions by 1784?

Because states were already having to pay for supplies for their local militias

How was the U.S. Constitution ratified?

By each state at special ratifying conventions

What defined republicanism as a social philosophy?

Citizenship within a republic meant accepting certain rights and responsibilities as well as cultivating virtuous behavior. This philosophy was based on the notion that the success or failure of the republic depended upon the virtue or corruption of its citizens.

The status of married women in England and the American colonies in the 18th century was defined as ___________

Coverture

Describe what relations were like between Native Peoples and colonial powers east of the Mississippi and south of the Great Lakes in the early 18th century. How did this change following the American Revolution?

Early in the 18th century, powerful Native groups and the British and French colonists existed in what was deemed a "middle ground" in the territory east of the Mississippi and south of the Great Lakes. The "middle ground" referenced a zone in which the groups accommodated each other through trade and a level of political respect. Following the American Revolution, the situation changed when American colonists—many of whom viewed Native Peoples as enemies—didn't continue to respect Native rights or engage in accommodating practices. They believed that the land was theirs earned through warfare and moved to aggressively assert control.

Which of the following figures did not actively challenge the status of women in the early American republic?

Justine Rush

How was membership determined in the Society of the Cincinnati, an elite colonial group modeled after the Roman aristocrat Cincinnatus?

Members were determined through the rule of primogeniture, where the eldest sons inherited their fathers' memberships.

Despite the heated debates over slavery, the institution still existed in the North through to the 1820s. Where were the highest concentrations of slaves located in the North?

New Jersey and New York

Which of the following states had the most democratic constitution in the 1780s?

Pennsylvania

To what form of government did the American revolutionaries turn after the war for independence?

Republicanism

Explain the argument that led to the three-fifths rule and the consequences of that rule.

Southern slaveholders wanted slaves to count for the purposes of representation, while people from northern states feared that counting slaves would give the southern states too much power. Their fears were valid; the three-fifths rule, which stated that each slave counted as three-fifths of a white person for purposes of representation, gave the southern states the balance of political power.

During the debate over the new constitution, what did the Anti-Federalists argue to support their resistance to the document?

That the Constitution would consolidate all power to the national government and disempower states

Which plan resolved the issue of representation for the U.S. Constitution?

The Connecticut Compromise

Under the Articles of Confederation, what power did the national Confederation Congress have?

The power to create land ordinances

Which state had the clearest separation of church and state?

Virginia