History 6th grade part 2

megaliths

A huge stone monument.

canals

A human made waterway.

ancestor

A relative who lived in the past.

land bridge

A strip of land connecting two continents.

surplus

A surplus is more of something than is needed.

tool

A tool is an object that has been modified to help a person accomplish a task.

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition Farming

Agriculture

Explain how food availability affected the population growth in Mesopotamia.

Agriculture had an important part in Mesopotamia, the climate of the region was dry with little rainfall, which was a big problem. Once they developed the irrigation system that depended on the flooding of the rivers, they had food surplus. Food surplus means that the population has food to eat, to sell and also means that the population can grow. They were able to trade their extra crops for other goods such as stone, wood, metal products, which made possible for them to built canals and ditches to bring water to the land. Food surplus made possible for them to have a better and comfortable life, which also made possible for the population to grow.

Fertile Crescent

An area of rich farmland in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates where the first civilizations began.

division of labor

An arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job.

hominid

An early ancestor of humans.

By 9000 BC, people lived on all continents except ___________ . (Africa/Antarctica)

Antarctica

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition Name means "southern ape" _________

Australopithecus

Which of the following contributed most to early people's ability to produce food? a. hunting of wild herds c. the ability to make fire b. the end of the Ice Age d. metal tools

B the end of the Ice Age

Why was Mesopotamia an ideal place for a civilization to develop?

Because it had fertile land that was able to be used for farming. It had rivers that supplied water and allowed for transport and trade.

Farming and Cities

Controlling water (irrigation) (canals) Food surpluses (surplus) (division of labor) The appearance of cities

What technological advancements allowed human population and cities to grow?

Effective farming and transportation allowed for a denser population, and after about 3500 BCE cities began to grow. There are tools that make such things like: Simple tools such as stone axes and bone arrow tips; Copper, alloys of tin, malleable bronze that could be used for swords and sickles; Two-wheeled carts, yoke that allowed draft animals to pull plows and wagons; Reed boats, canoes, and wooden rafts, and machines.

Inhabitants of the prehistoric are not considered ancestors of humans. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. T F

F

The most important development of the early Stone Age was the ability to communicate through art. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

The most significant development of hunter-gatherer societies during the Stone Age was Art. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Who benefited the most from irrigation, farmers or hunter-gatherers? Explain.

Farmers benefited the most from irrigation. Hunters falls into the category of farmers. Farmers need seeds to grow veggies and hunters hunt meat and other wildlife animals. The most benefit is the farmers. They can produce for than one seed. Hunters the other hand, have to scavenge for food and take time and practice to hunt and prey their kills.

Was farming or hunting easier in the region of Mesopotamia? Explain.

Farming was easier. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers made the soil of Mesopotamia good for growing crops. The people of Mesopotamia developed an irrigation system to bring water to crops. Mesopotamia had few resources. People traded surplus crops to get what they needed.

agriculture

Farming.

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition A large arc of fertile farmland

Fertile Crescent

irrigation

Irrigation is the watering of farmland with water drawn from reservoirs or rivers.

What are the advantages of walking completely upright?

It's better for your back. You don't have to slouch while standing. Your legs don't bend in a weird way. It's healthier and doesn't cause deformities. It allows longer-distance walking and, eventually, endurance running. They would have needed to hunt animals. So walking upright would help them to be more efficient hunters. It frees the hands, you can see further. You can hold things while your walking.

ice ages

Long periods of freezing weather.

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition. Archaeologist who believed that bones found in East Africa in 1959 belonged to hominids. __________

Mary Leakey

Give one example of how people controlled water.

People have controlled water for thousands of years by blocking rivers and streams with dams.

How did migration cause people to adapt to new areas during the Mesolithic Era?

People now lived all around the world and had to learn to use animal skins for clothes and make canoes for travel.

hunter-gatherers

People who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive.

Mesopotamia is an area of land between Asia Minor and the . (Persian Gulf/Caspian Sea)

Persian Gulf

prehistory

Prehistory is the time before there was writing.

Explain what type of protection people needed as they moved out of Africa.

Shelter, because it protects you from bad weather such as: rain, fog, thunderstorms, lightning storms, tornados, and hurricanes.

silt

Silt is a mixture of fertile soil and tiny rocks that can make land ideal for farming.

What were some of the earliest forms of technology created by humans?

Simple tools such as stone axes and bone arrow tips. Boats, canoes, and rafts for transportation in water. Two-wheeled carts, or yokes allow draft animals to pull plows and wagons. Paper for communication. Copper for tins and weapons.

What did people use to make tools in the Mesolithic Era?

Small chipped stone tools called microliths and retouched bladelets, bones from wild animals.

Why did farmers need to develop a system to control their water supply?

So they wouldn't die in three days because of thirst. Rivers flooded, crops, livestock, and homes were destroyed. Too little water ruined crops. Farmers needed a stable water supply for farming and raising livestock. They also can easier control the crops if they control the water supply.

society

Society is a community of people who share a common culture.

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition Famous megalith

Stonehenge

A major change in development of agriculture is the move from food gathering to food production. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Annual floods in the Fertile Crescent deposited silt along river banks. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Early humans were able to move out Asia into North America during an Ice Age because of a land bridge. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Improvements in tools during the Mesolithic Era include the use of bones. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

One way prehistoric people adapted to their environment was to create tools to process food. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Scientists are not exactly sure when or where the first modern humans lived. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. T F

T

The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in the societies of southwestern Asia. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

The development of tools with handles was useful for farming and growing crops. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

The ice ages led to people migrating to all parts of the world. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Tools became more complex during the Middle Stone Age. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Neolithic Era

The New Stone Age, when people learned to make fire and tools such as saws and drills. First farmers (new stone age), plants, domestication, agriculture, animals

Paleolithic

The Paleolithic era covers virtually all of humanity's time on Earth, extending from 2 point 5 million years ago, with the introduction of stone tools by hominids such as Homo habilis, to the introduction of agriculture in around 10,000 BCE.

How did land bridges help people migrate around the world during the ice ages?

The land bridges helped Native Americans across certain countries. They followed the animals from Asia or the countries below to America. The native Americans wanted to kill animals for food, shelter, clothing, and to make better material for their weapons. Land bridge was created over Asia to America around "The Ring Of Fire". they used that bridge to travel or get to America. When time passed, little by little the bridge was fading or drowning.

Mesolithic Era

The middle part of the Stone Age; marked by the creating of smaller and more complex tools. new tools: fishing spears, hooks, bow and arrow, canoe, pottery

domestication

The process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans.

Rivers Support the Growth of Civilizations

The rise if civilization (hunter-gatherers floods brought silt plentiful food) villages developed The land between the rivers (Mesopotamia) Tigris Euphrates (Fertile Crescent)

Identify and briefly define the divisions of the Stone Age

There are two main divisions in the Stone Age. The first one is Palaeolithic. The second one is Neolithic. Palaeolithic has lasted 2.5 million years to 9,000 BC. Neolithic has lasted 1,000 years. Palaeolithic is old stone. Neolithic is new stone. Palaeolithic means relating to or denoting the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used. Neolithic means relating to or denoting the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.

Give three examples of how prehistoric people learned to adapt to their environment.

They made simple tools to process food, used fire to cook their food, and developed a language to make it easier to communicate.

What were gods and goddesses associated with in prehistoric religion?

They were associated with the 4 elements such as: Earth, Fire, Air, and Water. One was associated with Earth, the element of Earth controls the ground or rocks. Another was associated with Fire, the element of Fire controls lava or any type of flames. Another was associated with Air, Air controls wind, tornados, or hurricanes. And finally one was associated with Water, the element of Water can control all water such as: normal water, faucet water, salt water.

migrate

To move to a new place.

What goods did the Ubaidian people produce?

Ubaidian people drained marches and produce wheat, barley, and peas. Ubaidian people developed new agricultural technique in planting and harvesting their crops. These people are also known in their talent in doing pottery. Their art in making ceramics is also their craft. The Ubaidian's is also known as the farmers in south of Mesopotamia. They also built seaworthy ships used for importing wood, stone, tin and copper. Later on they started building canals for irrigating crops and transporting goods.They used donkeys to pull wagon.

What effect did farming have on people in the Stone Age? a. It allowed them to build permanent settlements. b. It allowed them to travel. c. It allowed them to paint caves. d. It allowed them to hunt for animals.

a. It allowed them to build permanent settlements.

Which of the following defines a hominid? a. an early ancestor of humans b. a fishhook c. a tool d. a collection of ancient bones Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

a. an early ancestor of humans

Despite the growth of cities, Mesopotamian society was still based on . (warfare/agriculture)

agriculture

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition. A relative who lived in the past. __________

ancestor

To study prehistory, historians rely on the work of ______________ and . (anthropologists/Australopithecus)

archaeologists

According to scientists, how did early people migrate out of Africa and into new places? a. They used the wheel. b. They used land bridges. c. They used ships. d. They used technology. Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

b. They used land bridges.

Crops grew well in Mesopotamia because a. the land was in mountainous areas. b. farmland was fertile and water was nearby. c. the area was near the ocean water supply. d. the area received adequate rainfall. Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

b. farmland was fertile and water was nearby.

Which of the following contributed most to early people's ability to produce food? a. hunting of wild herds b. the end of the Ice Age c. the ability to make fire d. metal tools Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

b. the end of the Ice Age

Which statement best defines the Neolithic Revolution? a. major battle fought between people of Asia and Africa b. the shift from food gathering to food producing c. the shift from food gathering to hunting d. major battle fought between the peoples of Asia

b. the shift from food gathering to food producing

Some surplus food a. was traded for other kinds of food. c. was given away to the poor. b. was traded for other kinds of goods. d. was offered to the gods. Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

b. was traded for other kinds of goods.

PRACTICING SOCIAL STUDIES SKILLS Study the map below and answer the question that follows. Which continent did humans reach approximately 40,000 years ago? a. North America b. Africa c. Australia d. South America Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

c. Australia

What effect did the ice ages have on early humans? a. Early humans were forced to control large fires. b. Early humans were forced to fish. c. Early humans were forced to move to new environments. d. Early humans were forced to hunt. Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

c. Early humans were forced to move to new environments.

The following are examples of advances made during the Mesolithic Era, except____. a. Pottery b. Bows & Arrows c. Fishing nets d. Canoes Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

c. Fishing nets

Which of the following best defines a land bridge? a. mammoth bones laid out over a body of water b. a mountain range beside a body of water c. a strip of land connecting two continents d. a strip of coast along a rocky shore Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

c. a strip of land connecting two continents

Religion was important to early farmers because people believed ______ . a. it gave them power to work the long day c. gods controlled climate and weather b. if they were good farmers they could go to the afterlife d. they had to serve the gods by growing food

c. gods controlled climate and weather

Two methods used to control annual floods were ______________ a. reservoirs and dams b. reservoirs and irrigation c. irrigation and canal use d. dams and canal use Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

c. irrigation and canal use

Which of the following describes the earliest skill that people developed? a. the ability to farm b. the ability to create art c. the ability to craft tools d. the ability to hunt Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

c. the ability to craft tools

Which of the following best describes the advancements of the New Stone Age? a. using tools c. using seeds to grow crops b. gathering food d. using fire to cook food

c. using seeds to grow crops

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition Human-made waterways

canals

Simple tools like were used for about 2 million years. (choppers/processors)

choppers

Which of the following best describes the location of the Fertile Crescent? a. The Fertile Crescent begins at the Persian Gulf and continues northwest to the Mediterranean Sea. b. The Fertile Crescent includes both the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. c. The Fertile Crescent is in both Europe and Asia and is about the size of Russia. d. Both A and B Select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

d. Both A and B

Tools in the Middle Stone Age were smaller and more complex than tools in the Early Stone Age. Which of the following statements supports this fact? a. Early humans braided grass clothing for travel. b. Early humans used spears rather than fishing hooks. c. Early humans sharpened rocks to razor-sharp edges. d. Early humans invented hooks and the bow and arrow. Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

d. Early humans invented hooks and the bow and arrow.

What is the scientific name for modern humans? a. Australopithecus b. Homo erectus c. Homo habilis d. Homo sapiens Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

d. Homo sapiens

Which statement best represents the development of a civilization? a. People rely on hunting and gathering because it is the only way to survive. b. The development of cities led to inventions like irrigation. c. People prefer government jobs to life as a farmer. d. If they have a steady food supply, people can develop a complex society. Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

d. If they have a steady food supply, people can develop a complex society.

All of the following allowed farming to be successful in Mesopotamian civilizations EXCEPT: a. irrigation b. division of labor c. canals building d. horse drawn plowing Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

d. horse drawn plowing

Which two rivers surround Mesopotamia, identifying it? a. the Fertile Crescent and the Mediterranean Sea b. the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea c. the northern plateau and the southern plateau d. the Tigris River and the Euphrates River Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

d. the Tigris River and the Euphrates River

Which of the following defines Homo erectus? a. thinking man b. modern man c. wise man d. upright man Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

d. upright man

Using large animals greatly improved the ability of people to . (farm/gather)

farm

Groups of ________ appeared about 3 million years ago. (humans/hominids)

hominids

People moving out of Africa

ice age, migrate from Africa to Asia, land bridges, ended 10,000years ago, eventually around the world adopted new environment, shelter(caves->structures of wood and other materials), clothing(animal skin)

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition A time of long periods of freezing weather _______

ice ages

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition A way of supplying water to an area of land

irrigation

What kind of material could have been used by early humans to make homes or shelters? bricks large bones metal clay

large bones

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition Type of bone used to build early houses

mammoth

Type of bone used to build early houses

mammoth

Animal skins were _________ to help keep people warm. (burned/sewn)

sewn

stone age tools

sharpened stones 2.6 million years old hand axe, attached wooden handles

Neolithic revolution

use of plant fibers, use of wool and animal skin permanent settlements religious ceremonies (megaliths)

Gathering of wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts was mostly done by . (women/men)

women