History Ch 16-19 Test Review

What was the amount of the world's cotton that was grown in the South?

1/2 of the world's cotton

In 1850, the number of southern families who owned over 100 slaves was approximately

1700

The proportion of white southerners who owned at least one slave was approximately ____ percent.

25

What was the percentage of Southern whites that did not own slaves?

3/4 or 75%

John Breckinridge

A Senator from Kentucky and the fourteenth Vice President of the United States

John Crittenden

A Senator from Kentucky who made a last effort to save the Union by introducing a bill to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific, and he proposed an amendment to the Constitution that would guarantee forever the right to hold slaves in states south of the compromise line

Dred Scott

A black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin Territory. Backed by interested abolitionists, he sued for freedom on the basis of his long residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that he was a black slave and not a citizen, so he had no rights

Impending Crisis of the South

A book written by abolitionist Hinton Helper arguing that slavery mostly affected whites without slaves in a negative way

John Slidell

A diplomat sent by Polk to buy California, New Mexico, and Texas from the Mexicans. Mexico rejected his offer and Polk sent Taylor's army into Mexico

The Ostend Manifesto

A document drawn up in 1854 that instructed the buying of Cuba from Spain, then suggested the taking of Cuba by force

Preston Brooks

A hot tempered Congressman of South Carolina took vengeance in his own hands, beating another Senator with a cane

Republican Party

A party formed that was against slavery and the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Lame Duck

A person who lost an election, but has to serve out his/her term and has little to no power

Underground Railroad

A secret cooperative network that aided fugitive slaves in reaching sanctuary in the free states or in Canada

Daniel Webster

A senator from Massachusetts, he gave a famous speech in the Senate on March 7th in favor of the compromise of 1850

Bleeding Kansas

A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory

Which of the following was the Republican candidate in the election of 1860?

Abraham Lincoln

Which of the following were faults of the King Cotton economy?

All of the above; the southern economy was only based on one crop (cotton), immigrants did not go to the South, and debts began to run high since many people over-speculated in land or in slaves. Slaves were profitable yet risky

Caleb Cushing

American Diplomat who negotiated the treaty of Wanghai with China in 1844

Caroline

American ship that was carrying military supplies to the rebelling Canadians when it was sunk by a British ship

New England Emigrant Aid Co.

An anti-slavery organization that sent thousands of people to Kansas to forestall the South and make a profit

Conscience Whigs

Antislavery Whigs who opposed both the Texas annexation and the Mexican War on moral grounds

The only group of white southerners who strongly opposed slavery and the slave-owners were the

Appalachian mountain whites

Roger Taney

As chief justice, he wrote the important decision in the Dred Scott case, upholding police power of states and asserting the principle of social responsibility of private property

Sir Walter Scott

Author of Ivanhoe

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin

Mexican Cession

Awarded as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo after the Mexican American War. U.S. paid $15 million for 525,000 square miles

Harriet Tubman

Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad

Panic of 1857

Caused by over-speculation in the West and currency inflation due to the inrush of Californian gold

Proviso

Clause making a qualification, condition, or restriction in a document

Matthew C. Perry

Commodore sent to Japan to persuade that country to open up its ports to trade with Americans

Nat Turner

Considered something of a prophet and led a revolt in Virginia

Which of the following (Winfield Scott, David Wilmot, Zachary Taylor, Stephen Kearney) was NOT an American general during the Mexican-American War?

David Wilmot

Charleston Convention

Discussion of adopting pro-slavery platform and wanted the endorsement of Dred Scott. Unanimous vote to secede

Henry Clay

Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852

Freeport Doctrine

Doctrine developed by Stephen Douglas that said the exclusion of slavery in a territory could be determined by the refusal of the voters to enact any laws that would protect slave property

Popular Sovereignty

Doctrine that the people of a territory had the right to determine whether slavery would exist within their territory

Culturally, many slave-owning southerners were great admirers and imitators of the

European medieval era

Despite the Underground Railroad, successful slave runaways were a rarity in the antebellum South.

False

Most slave states had strictly enforced laws protecting slaves against murder or mutilation.

False

The abolitionist agitation considerably improved the economic and social status of northern free blacks in the 1840s and 1850s.

False

The possibility of becoming wealthy slave-owners attracted many British and Irish immigrants to the South in the years between 1800 and 1860.

False

The slave-owning plantation class was generally financially cautious and averse to risky investments.

False

Robert E. Lee

Fought Peninsular Campaign, 2nd battle of Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville (with Jackson), and Gettysburg

Which of the following (Spain, United States, Russia, France) never claimed any part of the Oregon Territory?

France

Leading spokesperson for blacks and against slavery

Frederick Douglas

"The great abolitionist"

Frederick Douglass

Oligarchy

Government by a few elite

Charles Sumner

He was an unpopular senator from Massachusetts and a leading abolitionist. In 1856, he made an assault in the pro-slavery of South Carolina and the South in his coarse speech, "The Crime Against Kansas"

Wendell Phillips

Helped start the American Abolitionist Society

Manifest Destiny

Idea that many Americans felt that God had destined them to spread their democratic institutions over the entire continent and over South America as well

Stephen Douglas

Illinois politician who beat Abraham Lincoln in a Senate race after a series of debates with him

William Seward

In 1867, as Secretary of State, he arranged for the US to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 Million

Coloma

In January 1848, gold was first found here, and it caused many people to go to California in search of gold

Mandate

In politics, the belief that an official has been issued a clear charge by the electorate to pursue some other particular policy goal

Annexation

Incorporation of a territory into an existing political unit such as a neighboring country

American Know-Nothing Party

It wanted to unite native Protestants against Irish and German Catholics. Dozens elected to the House of Representatives after anger over Kansas-Nebraska act

Lecompton Constitution

It was rejected by Kansas, making Kansas an eventual free state

John C. Calhoun

Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south

Denmark Vesey

Led a slave revolt in South Carolina

The American Colonization Society established a home for freed American slaves in the African nation of

Liberia

Liberia

Nation started on the west coast of Africa as a result of the American Colonization Society

Harper's Ferry Raid

Occurred in October of 1859. John Brown of Kansas attempted to create a major revolt among the slaves

Mason-Dixon Line

Originally drawn by surveyors to resolve the boundaries between Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania and Virginia in the 1760s, it came to symbolize the North-South divide over slavery.

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

Passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, it set high penalties for anyone who aided escaped slaves and compelled all law enforcement officers to participate in retrieving runaways

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865) during the Civil War

William Henry Harrison

President who died four weeks into his Presidency

Border Ruffians

Pro-slavery Missourians who traveled in armed groups to vote in Kansas' election during the mid-1850's

Gag Resolution

Prohibited debate or action on antislavery appeals

William Lloyd Garrison

Published a radical abolitionist newspaper titled The Liberator

John Bell

Ran for U.S. President against Lincoln, Breckinridge, and Douglas in 1860 with the Constitutional Union Party

Aroostook War

Skirmishes that broke out when the British wanted to build a road linking the seaport of Halifax to Quebec

California

State known as the "Bear Flag Republic"

Texas

State referred to as the "Lone Star" state

South Carolina

State that was first to secede from the Union

Millard Fillmore

Successor of President Zachary Taylor after his death on July 9th 1850

Walker Tariff of 1846

Tariff-for-revenue bill that reduced the tariff from 32% to 25%

Which of the following was one of James K. Polk's main goals for his Presidency?

The acquisition of California and the settlement of the Oregon County dispute without violence

John C. Fremont

The first candidate of the United States Republican Party for the office of President of the United States

Given the following choices: Catherine Beecher, Henry Ward Beecher, Lyman Beecher, and Theodore Weld. Which of the following did not head in the Lane Theological Seminary?

Theodore Weld

Nebrascals

These were northern abolitionists who headed out West to eradicate slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

This act repealed the Missouri Compromise and established a doctrine of congressional nonintervention in the territories

The Compromise of 1850

This compromise set up California joining the Union as a free state, New Mexico and Utah use popular sovereignty to decide the question of slavery

The Gadsden Purchase

This purchase includes the territory that makes up the southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico

Deadlock

To completely block or stop action as a consequence of the mutual pressure of equal and opposed forces

Even many slaves looked down socially on the poorest class of white southerners.

True

In 1860, three-fourths of all white southerners owned no slaves at all.

True

Many black abolitionists like Frederick Douglass looked to antislavery politics as the way to end slavery.

True

Mexico said that the Neuces River was the boundary line for Texas and US said that it was the Rio Grande

True

Most plantation mistresses believed in the rightness of slavery and did not protest when family slaves were sold.

True

Most slave-owners refrained from frequent brutality toward their slaves primarily out of economic self-interest.

True

Much of the fervor of the antislavery crusade derived from the religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening.

True

Polk attempts to buy California from Mexico and Mexico refuses offer of $25 million

True

Slavery was enormously profitable for the great plantation owners.

True

The "mountain whites" of the southern Appalachians were generally hostile both to slavery and to the black slaves.

True

The Oregon Treaty of 1846 set American border at 49th parallel

True

The South believed that Britain's economic dependence on cotton made the South politically powerful as well.

True

The Wilmot Proviso was an attempt to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico

True

Unlike moderate or gradual antislavery advocates, radical abolitionists demanded immediate, total, uncompensated emancipation.

True

Winfield Scott

United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War

John Brown

Well-known abolitionist who used violence to stop slavery immediately and was involved in the Pottawatomie Massacre

Zachary Taylor

Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War)

Young Guard

Young radical anti-slaveryites more interested in purification and purging of the Union than its preservation

Among the economic consequences of the South's cotton economy was

a dependence on the North for trade and manufacturing

The "Lane Rebels" of Ohio were

antislavery seminary students who preached abolitionism after they were expelled

The African American family under slavery was most stable in

area of the Deep South where blacks were a large majority of the population

Many northern free blacks were especially hated by Irish immigrants because

free blacks competed with the Irish for menial jobs

In the decades before the Civil War, one of the great economic problems the South faced was the

increasing concentration of wealth in a few hands

In opposition to William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass believed that slavery should be ended through

organizing an anti-slavery political party

The Bible story that played an especially large role in African American Christianity was the

story of the Israelites in Egypt

Most non-slaveholding southern whites made their living as

subsistence farmers

The most brutal and widely criticized feature of the slave system was

the breakup of slave families through sale

Slaves were often prevented from performing the most dangerous forms of labor because

they were too valuable an investment to risk losing in an accident